• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.9-19
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• 2010

Objective: To compare the contents and transfer rate of hazardous substances in crude, washing solution, crude after washing, decoction and remnant after boiling. Methods: The heavy metal contents of each step were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer (SP-3DS). In order to analyze pesticides in each sample we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results: 1. Contents (mg/kg) of heavy metals were not detected in decoctions of any tested herbal medicine prescriptions. 2. Transfer rates (%) of heavy metals from crude to remnant were as follows: Yijin-tang (As: 46.9, Cd: 50.0 and Pb: 100.0), Oryung-san (As: 80.0, Cd: 100.0 and Pb: 73.8), Hwangryunhaedok-tang (As: 88.9, Cd: 71.4 and Pb: 92.7), Bangpungtongseong-san (As: 100.0, Cd: 17.3 and Pb: 56.1), Oyaksungi-san (As: 47.4, Cd: 175.0 and Pb: 142.4). 3. Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides were not detected in any samples. 4. Transfer rate (%) of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) from crude to remnant in all samples were as follows: Yijin-tang (25.0), Oryung-san (166.7), Hwangryunhaedok-tang (50.0), Bangpungtongseong-san (181.8), Oyaksungi-san (50.0). Conclusion: Our results showed that the boiled herbal medicine prescriptions which we take are safe from the hazardous substances.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2010

1. Objectives: To compare the contents of hazardous substances such as crude, washing solution, crude after washing, decoction and remnant. 2. Methods: The heavy metal contents of each step were measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer and mercury analyzer (MA-2). In order to analyze pesticides in Yanggyeoksanhwa-tang we used simultaneous multi- residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. 3. Results: 1) The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for each steps in Yanggeoksanhwa-tang were as follows: crude (Pb; 1.87, As; 1.29, Cd; 0.28 and Hg; N.D.), washing solution (Pb; 1.98, As; 1.13, Cd; 0.10 and Hg; N.D.), crude after washing (Pb; 1.90, As; 1.40, Cd; 0.22 and Hg; N.D.), decoction (Pb; 1.90, As; 1.14, Cd; 0.11 and Hg; N.D.) and remnant (Pb; 2.39, As; 1.29, Cd; 0.25 and Hg; 0.01). 2) Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides in crude and decoction were not detected. 3) Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in crude, crude after washing and remnant exhibited 3.00, 2.00 and 2.00 mg/kg, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide in washing solution and decoction were not detected. 4. Conclusions: These Results: will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide of each step in Yanggeoksanhwa-tang.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2008

Objectives: To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after a decoction. Methods: The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer(ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 5 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results: 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents(mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Galgeun-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.793, Cd; 0.133, As; 0.016 and Hg; 0.005, after decoction-Pb; 0.033, Cd; 0.004, As; 0.002 and Hg; not detected), Gumiganghwal-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.934, Cd; 0.197, As; 0.046 and Hg; 0.006, after decoction-Pb; 0.062, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.0001), Sosiho-tang(before decoction-Pb; 0.891, Cd; 0.134, As; 0.091 and Hg; 0.014, after decoction-Pb; 0.036, Cd; 0.002, As; 0.004 and Hg; not detected), Ojuck-san(before decoction-Pb; 0.907, Cd; 0.136, As; 0.084 and Hg; 0.007, after decoction-Pb; 0.074, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.011 and Hg; 0.0005) and Samsoeum(before decoction-Pb; 1.234, Cd; 0.154, As; 0.016 and Hg; 0.007, after decoction-Pb; 0.094, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.002 and Hg; 0.001). 2. Contents(mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents(mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) before a decoction in Galgeun-tang, Gumiganghwal-tang, Sosiho-tang, Ojuck-san and Samsoeum exhibited 1.2, 3.4, 11.1, 12.0 and 5.7, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusions: These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.237-246
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• 2009

1. Objectives To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after decoction. 2. Methods The heavy metal contents before/after decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 3 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. 3. Results 1) The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Yuldahanso-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.85, Cd; 0.148, As; 0.042 and Hg; 0.003, after decoction - Pb; 0.096, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.006 and Hg; 0.002), Chongsimyonja-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.193, Cd; 0.094, As; 0.084 and Hg; 0.008, after decoction - Pb; 0.053, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.011 and Hg; not detected) and Taeyeumjowee-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.878, Cd; 0.078, As; 0.302 and Hg; 0.004, after decoction - Pb; 0.079, Cd; 0.005, As; 0.006 and Hg; not dectcted). 2) Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after decoction in all samples were not detected. 3) Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) before decoction in Yuldahanso-tang, Chongsimyonja-tang and Taeyeumjowee-tang exhibited 6.1, 37.8, 31.5 and 19.7, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after decoction in all samples were not detected. 4. Conclusion These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.111-119
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• 2009

Objectives : To compare the contents of hazardous substances before/after a decoction. Methods : The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 6 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results : 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Samchulkunbi-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.592, Cd; 0.155, As; 0.055 and Hg; 0.014, after decoction - Pb; 0.036, Cd; 0.002, As; not detected and Hg; 0.001), Yijin-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.830, Cd; 0.077, As; 0.045 and Hg; 0.015, after decoction - Pb; 0.193, Cd; 0.010, As; not detected and Hg; 0.002), Banhabaikchulcheunma-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.976, Cd; 0.164, As; 0.167 and Hg; 0.019, after decoction - Pb; 0.031, Cd; 0.003, As; 0.006 and Hg; 0.005), Pyungwi-san (before decoction - Pb; 2.162, Cd; 0.128, As; 0.061 and Hg; 0.018, after decoction - Pb; 0.080, Cd; 0.006, As; not detected and Hg; 0.005), Leejung-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.480, Cd; 0.294, As; 0.034 and Hg; 0.012, after decoction - Pb; 0.064, Cd; 0.007, As; 0.007 and Hg; 0.002) and Kwibi-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.907, Cd; 0.193, As; 0.085 and Hg; 0.020, after decoction - Pb; 0.072, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.002). 2. Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) before a decoction in Banhabaikchulcheunma-tang, Pyungwi-san, Leejung-tang and Kwibi-tang exhibited 3.5, 3.4, 3.8 and 12.4, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusions : These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2020

When extracting semi-volatile components of herbal medicines using hot water vapor, some substances may react with water vapor or oxygen, and some volatile substances may be lost, when using an organic solvent extraction method has the disadvantage that it may contain a non-volatile material and residual organic solvent. In addition, it is inefficient to separate semi-volatile substances from herbal medicines into each single component and conduct biological activity research for each component to determine the effective ingredient, and some components may be lost in the separation process. In this study, semi-volatile substances evaporated under two pressure-reduced conditions in Chinese herbal medicines such as Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were separated by cooling with liquid nitrogen. Those were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the components, and this method may be used to study biological activities at the cellular level. The substances separated under reduced pressure, essential oil obtained by simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) method and substances by using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) from Cnidii Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Amomum Fructus were analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of Cnidii Rhizoma and Aucklandiae Radix, there were some differences among the essential oil components obtained by SDE and those identified by low temperature capture (CT) and SPME method, these were believed to be produced by some volatiles reacting with water or oxygen at the boiling point temperature of water.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.122-125
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• 1992

The essential oils from whole plant, flower, seed, stem and leaves of domestic chamomile were extracted by simultaneous distillation-extraction and analyzed by GC/ MSD/IRD and retention index matching. The experimental results revealed the presence of over 31 volatile components. Major components were chamazulene, bisabolol, bisabolol oxide A, B. The contents of these major components which possess the pharmacological effects were found to be flower(75.1%), seed(76.6%), stem and leaves(10.09%), whole plant (48.9%), respectively, in domestic chamoile oil, whereas found to be flower(49.2%) in foreign chamomile oil. These results suggest that the usefulness of domestic chamomile is promising because of high contents of these four major components which posses pharmacological effects.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2022

Sunbigi tree(Vitex rotundifolia L.f.), which grows wild in the southern part of Korea and along the coast of the West Sea, has a lot of useful value in terms of resource utilization. Since ancient times, it has been used as folk medicine or herbal medicine in the private sector. Although the leaves and stems have a strong scent, the fruit also has a strong scent, so there are some studies on extracting essential oil from the fruit of Sunbigi tree and analyzing the ingredients, but there are few studies on the fragrance component by extracting hydrosol. The reason is that the fruits are hard and it is difficult to identify the active ingredients contained in the general extraction method. Therefore, in this study, the results of analyzing the components contained in the fragrance of hydrosol obtained by extracting hard fruits at high temperature by different extraction methods are as follows. 1. The extraction condition with the highest flavonoid content was 30.57 mg/g with ethanol, followed by hot water extract at 18.26 mg/g and water extract at 9.69 mg/g with the lowest. 2. As a result of distillation extraction from the fruit of Sunbigi tree, the fragrance of hydrosol is 3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid, cyclobutyl ester, Eucalyptol, L-alpha-Terpineol, 1H-Cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol, decahydro-1 ,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-, [1ar-(1a.alpha.,4a.alpha.,7.beta.,7a.beta.,7b.alpha.)] were found to be many.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.53-63
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• 2009

Objective : To compare the contents of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide before/after a decoction. Methods : The heavy metal contents before/after a decoction were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) and mercury analyzer. In order to analyze pesticides in 4 samples we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. Results: 1. The mean values of heavy metal contents (mg/kg) for the samples were as follows: Jaeumganghwa-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.190, Cd; 0.184, As; 0.099 and Hg; 0.028, after decoction - Pb; .033, Cd; 0.003, As; 0.005 and Hg; 0.001), Yukmijiwhang-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.484, Cd; 0.133, As; 0.053 and Hg; 0.009, after decoction - Pb; 0.065, Cd; 0.008, As; 0.007 and Hg; not detected), Bojungikgi-tang (before decoction - Pb; 0.863, Cd; 0.197, As; below 0.016 and Hg; 0.011, after decoction - Pb; 0.071, Cd; 0.009, As; 0.004 and Hg; 0.001) and Ssangwha-tang (before decoction - Pb; 1.511, Cd; 0.212, As; 0.094 and Hg; 0.016, after decoction - Pb; 0.029, Cd; 0.006, As; 0.005 and Hg; 0.0004). 2. Contents (mg/kg) of sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) before a decoction in Jaeumganghwa-tang, Yukmijiwhang-tang and Ssangwha-tang exhibited 22.7, 107.3 and 5.5, respectively. However, contents of sulfur dioxide after a decoction in all samples were not detected. 3. Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides before/after a decoction in all samples were not detected. Conclusion : These results will be used to establish a criterion of heavy metals, residual pesticides and sulfur dioxide.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effect of the Hwangryunhaedock-tang Herbal Acupuncture Therapy on Chronic Conjunctivitis or Xerophthalmia Methods : We injected distillation of the Hwangryunhaedock-tang(0.2cc) on both B-15(Shinsu-心兪), B-18(Kansu-肝兪) of patient and dropped it(0.6cc) in both eyes. We examined therapeutic value of Chronic Conjunctivitis or Xerophthalmia Results & Conclusions : The Hwangryunhaedock-tang Herbal Acupuncture Therapy was effective on reducing the symptoms. But further studies are required to concretely prove the effectiveness of the Hwangryunhaedock-tang Herbal Acupuncture Therapy for treating Chronic Conjunctivitis or Xerophthalmia.