• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2016

Objectives : HT070 is a mixture of herbal extracts from root of Scutellaria baicalensis and stem bark of Eleutherococcus senticosus , which have long been used for stroke therapy in traditional Korean Medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of HT070 on global cerebral ischemia and its potential mechanisms.Methods : Transient global cerebral ischemia was produced by 10 min of four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) in male Wistar rats. HT070 was administered orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg twice at 0 and 90 min after reperfusion. Hippocampal neuronal damage was measured 7 days after reperfusion. To explore the potential mechanisms, we used hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as an in vitro model. PC12 cells were pretreated with HT070 for 1 h and then exposed to 100 μM H₂O₂ for 6 h in the presence of HT070. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, iNOS and COX-2 were measured by quantitative RT-PCR.Results : Oral administration of HT070 at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region by 13.4% as compared to the vehicle-treated group. HT070 increased cell viability, reversed the down-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA level, and suppressed the up-regulated mRNA expressions of Bax, iNOS, and COX-2 in H₂O₂-treated PC12 cells.Conclusions : HT070 protects against delayed neuronal death after global cerebral ischemia and its neuroprotection properties might be attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and ROS-generating enzymes.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 2013

This study was carried out to know the substitute effect of Yacto (leaf mold compost) on popped rice hulls compost (PRHC) in Yang-jik nursery bed of Panax ginseng. PRHC was mixed with Yacto as 50:50 ratio, and 1 ~ 2% of the mixed oil cake, rice bran and urea were also added to promote decaying the mixed compost. The mixed compost made by PRHC and Yacto was showed that positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling when it was mixed with 1% of oil cake and rice bran, and 2% of mixed oil cake. But addition to the 2% of urea in the mixture of PRHC and Yacto was not positive effect on the growth of ginseng seedling. Root yield of the mixed compost was similar to that of conventional compost by made 100% of Yacto. Therefore, the mixed compost can substitute for Yacto when PRHC and Yacto were mixed by 50:50 ratio and added 1% of oil cake and rice bran.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2019

The objective of present study is to evaluate concentration-dependent in vitro anti-osteoarthritic (OA) effects of synergic mixed formula consisted of dried pomegranate juice concentrate powder, Eucommiae Cortex aqueous extract and Achyranthis Radix aqueous extract 5:4:1 (g/g) mixture on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. First, any cytotoxic effect of mixture was observed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide) assay. Next, cyto-protective effect of test substances was evaluated by using the recombinant human interleukin $(rhIL)-1{\alpha}$ induced chondrocytes. In addition, anti-inflammatory effects were also observed on the lipopolysaccaride (LPS) treated chondrocytes through prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ productions and 5-lipoxygenase (LPO) activities, and inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities were observed on $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ treated chondrocytes with their extracellular matrix (ECM) related mRNA expressions. No obvious cytotoxic effects of mixture were demonstrated. Inflammatory damages of chondrocytes and related ECM degradations induced by treatment of LPS or $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ were significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited by pretreatment of mixture from a concentration level of 0.001 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml. In addition, mixture showed $IC_{50}$ for $rhIL-1{\alpha}-induced$ MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities as 44.01 and $162.47{\mu}g/ml$, and also showed $EC_{50}$ for $rhIL-1{\alpha}-induced$ inhibition of collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan mRNA expression as 8.61, 10.79 and $4.47{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. It is observed that mixture showed concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective ECM preserved effects on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes without cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.537-547
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• 2014

The object of this study was to observe the effect of Banhasasim-tang (BHSST) on the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Three different dosages of BHSST extract (400, 200 and 100 mg/kg) were once orally administered 1 hr before HCl/EtOH mixture treatment. One hour after HCl/EtOH mixture single oral treatment, the changes on the gross hemorrhagic lesion scores, fundic histopathology, gastric nitrate/nitrite contents, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system (catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities) were observed, and compared with that of ranitidine 100 mg/kg. As results of all three different dosages of BHSST extract treatment in the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer mice, significant and dose-dependent decreased gastric damages. BHSST extracts also increased gastric nitrate/nitrite contents and strengthened the antioxidant defense systems, and increased the activities of catalase and SOD, respectively. BHSST extracts 200 mg/kg showed similar anti-ulcerative effect as compared with ranitidine 100 mg/kg, in this experiment. BHSST has favorable protective effects against to the HCl/EtOH-induced gastric damages, through the strengthening of the body antioxidant defense systems. These gastroprotective effects of BHSST against HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer considered as results of complicated synergic effects of their 8 kinds of herbal components, but exact synergic or individual herbal effects are difficult to discuss in this study. Therefore, more detail synergic effects between 8 kinds of individual herbal component of BHSST should be tested with screening of active anti-inflammatory chemical ingredients, in future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.363-369
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• 2019

This paper aims to assess the effect of herbal extract mixture, Ahn Tonic, on hair growth and examine the stability of this percutaneous hair growth ointment. The hair on the back of the mice C57b1/6N was removed, and 1% of the TXN(testosterone) was then applied for a week to prevent the hair growth. The experimental group was then treated with Ahn Tonic, 0.2 mL per day. The degree of newly grown hair was observed with a vernier caliper. We also measured the proportion of the newly growing hair section to the entire shaved section in the 4th week and 8th week by distinguishing the section turning black from the shaved area. To observe the effect of the test chemical product on hair follicles and hair roots, the biopsy was executed between week 4 and week 8. Gene expressions, which operate as a factor for growing hair in the skin tissues extracted from each experimental animals, were also observed through a real-time PCR gene amplification method. The results showed that the Ahn tonic group had statistically significant hair restoring effect compared to the control group in terms of microscopy, biopsy, and gene expressions. Ahn Tonic is considered to have an impact on the hair growth.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2020

Objectives : Phyllostachys pubescens and Scutellaria baicalensis are considered to be effective in promoting blood circulation in traditional medicine. In this study, we examined whether a mixture of P. pubescens leaves and S. baicalensis root (BS21) had any anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia, or anti-hyperuricemia effects and the possible mechanisms of action. Methods : We examined the effects of BS21 in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed HFD with BS21 (75, 150, or 300 mg/kg) or Garcinia cambogia extracts (245 mg/kg) as a positive control for 8 weeks. At the end of 8 weeks, body weight, liver and adipose weight, adipocyte size, plasma lipid profiles, adipokine and uric acid levels, and adipose tissue expression levels in obesity and uric acid production-related genes were examined. Results : BS21 decreased body weight gain, white adipose tissue, liver weight, adipocyte size, and liver triglyceride accumulation. It also reduced levels of plasma glucose, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine transaminase, leptin, and uric acid. In contrast, BS21 increased adiponectin levels. Furthermore, BS21 decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase, as well as xanthine oxidoreductase, which is involved in uric acid production. Conclusions : These results suggest that BS21 may exert anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-hyperuricemia effects in HFD-induced obese mice by regulating the expression of xanthine oxidoreductase and adipogenesis-related genes.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2012

Objectives : In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Lycii Radicis Cortex and Gardeniae Fructus on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamine system was investigated Methods : The forced swimming test was performed. The expression of CRF, c-Fos in the PVN, and TH in the VTA and LC were measured with immunohistochemical method. And the experimental groups were divided into the Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results : The duration of immobility in the FST was decreased significantly in three groups except B100(P<0.01). B100 was shown the significant increase(P<0.05). The expression of CRF in PVN was decreased significantly in all group(P<0.05~P<0.01). The expression of c-Fos in PVN was decreased in A100, A400 and was increased significantly in B100, B400(P<0.05). The expression of TH in VTA and LC were decreased significantly in all group(P<0.001). Conclusions : Effects of Extraction after Mix group(A) and Mix after Extraction group(B) on the HPA-Axis system and Catecholamine system were validated.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.721-730
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• 2017

This study determined the optimal mixing ratio of functional materials to enhance the functionality of batter for fish cutlets. An optimal mixing ratio of the hiziki Hizikia fusiformis, fig fruit Ficus carica L. and pear Pyrus pyrifolia Niitaka extracts (HFP extract) of 3:1:1 was found. The physicochemical properties of the mixture were as follows: total phelonic contents of $1187.29{\pm}41.55mg/L$, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of $61.50{\pm}2.33%$, ascorbic acid content of $23.68{\pm}0.02g/100g$, ${\beta}-carotene$ content of $51{\pm}3.92{\mu}g/100g$, and sugar content of $12.7{\pm}0.1Brix^{\circ}$. A mixture of the extract, Korean herbal powder, and wheat flour was prepared as the fish cutlet batter. The fish cutlet prepared with the batter had a hardness of $166-202g/cm^2$ and Hunter's color scale values L of $31.14{\pm}2.1$ to $34.62{\pm}1.3$, a of $-4.89{\pm}0.21$ to $-2.26{\pm}0.19$ and b of $-20.65{\pm}2.65$ to $28.93{\pm}3.14$. The FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and VBN (volatile basic nitrogen) of the fish cutlets were measured to evaluate functionality and determine the optimal mixing ratio for cold storage at $-12^{\circ}C$, $-18^{\circ}C$, and $-24^{\circ}C$. The optimum mixture ratio of extracts /Korean herbal powder/ wheat flour was 1:6:3.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.273-277
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• 2011

This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of natural herbal extracts including Houttuynia cordata and Eucommia ulmoides against human mast cell (HMC-1). Houttuynia cordata (HC) and Eucommia ulmoides(EU) were extracted with distilled water (at $75^{\circ}C$) and then freeze-dried for 5 days. Finally, the mixture of HC and EU were sterilized by ${\gamma}$-rays irradiation. Cytotoxicity of the mixture against HMC-1 cell was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. In addition, inflammatory mediator cytokines such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-8 were evaluated by ELISA kit on the HMC-1 cells with calcimycin A23187 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The results showed that mixture of HC and EU had no cytoxicity and reduced TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-8 response on HMC-1 cells.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammatory response and dysregulation of immune function. The severity of US has been influenced by environmental factors and food habit. The immune modulatory, anti-inflammatory and steroidal medicine have been used for the treatment of UC. However, long-term administration of those medicine is accompanied with side-effect. So, it is necessary to develop the non side-effect medicine using natural product. Prebiotics influences intestinal condition and food consumption. The heredity, immunity and environmental condition are related with occurrence of UC. In recent study, UC patients had lower level of prebiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium compared with healthy people. Also, previous study announced that imbalance of enteric flora aggravates the severity of UC. The effectiveness of probiotics might affect colon ability and viable bacteria also could promote the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria. Prebiotics, such as herbal medicine, could lead to balance of intestinal bacteria or increase beneficial bacteria. So, proper choice of herbal medicine could control the intestinal condition. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mixture of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in vivo. The synbiotics consist of Lactobacillus buchneri, Polymnia sonchifolia and Glycine max Merr. in this study. To evaluate the effect of synbiotics, 3% DSS was administered in BALB/c mice and synbiotics was daily administered for experimental days. The administration of synbiotics regulated colon length shortening, body weight change and disease activity index effectively. Also, extract of synbiotics upregulated survival ability of Lactobacillus buchneri in gut condition. These results suggest that mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, called as synbiotics, could influence intestinal condition also regulate the colon disease. Synbiotics might be a therapeutic agent for treatment of UC.