• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary herbal plant mixture on growth performance, blood immunological parameters, fecal VFA and NH3-N concentrations in growing pigs. The dietary treatments were 1) NC (negative control; antibiotics-free diet), 2) PC (positive control; NC diet added 0.16% antibiotic), 3) NCK0.2 (NC diet added 0.2% herbal plant mixture (koppuul??)) and 4) PCK0.1 (PC diet added 0.1% herbal plant mixture (koppuul??)). Eighty crossbred (Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) pigs (16.35±0.05kg average initial body weight) were used for 42 days. The pigs were assigned to the treatments according to body weight and each treatment had 5 replicates of 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. During the whole experimental period, PCK0.1 and PC treatments had significantly higher ADG than NC treatment (P<0.05). Gain/feed of pigs fed PC diet was higher than that of pigs fed NC diet (P<0.05). For blood immunological parameters investigations, white blood cells (WBC) counts and IgG level increased in the pigs fed PC, NCK0.2 and PCK0.1 diets compared to pigs fed NC diet. In addition, higher (P<0.05) serum lymphocyte concentration was found in PCK0.1 treatment compared to NC treatment. NH3-N concentration in pigs fed NCK0.2% diet was lower than that in pigs fed PC and NC diets. There were no significant differences in DM and N digestibilities among the treatments. In conclusion, the results suggested that the dietary additions of herbal plant mixture or antibiotics increase ADG, the concentrations of WBC counts and IgG, lymphocyte, while decrease NH3-N concentration in feces.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate boiled rice made from unpolished rice, Job's Tears, and extract from medicinal herbs mixture (HGMCJE) for hypoglycemic effect on STZ-induced diabetic rats. Methods : In the response of glucose tolerance, control and diabetic rats groups was intubated with glucose and HGMCJE. Furthermore, boiled 100% polished rice (P rice), boiled unpolished rice mixed with white rice and Job's tears (polished rice:unpolished rice:Job's tears=60:25:15, UPJ-rice), and UPJ rice made from HGMCJE (HUPJ-rice) were intubated to control and diabetic rats groups, respectively. Then, blood glucose concentration, incremental blood glucose, and area under the curve (${\Delta}AUC$) were analyzed in every experimental groups, and these data were used to evaluate glycemic response. Results : When glucose and p rice were intubated in control and diabetic rats, blood glucose concentration, incremental blood glucose, and incremental response ${\Delta}AUC$ of diabetic groups were significantly increase than control groups. But administraion of a single dose of extract from medicinal herbs mixture and HUPJ-rice in control and diabetic rats inhibited the remarkable increase the level of postprandial blood and ${\Delta}AUC$ at 60, 90, and 120 min Conclusions : These results indicate that when intubation of glucose and P rice were out of control on postprandial glycemic response in diabetic rats. But postprandial glycemic response was well-modulated by administrating a single oral dose of HGMCJE and HUPJ-rice. Therefore, HGMCJE can be developed as an effective hypoglycemic agent.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2014

This research was performed to examine the protective activities of the mixtures of pine oil and copper hydroxide against bacterial spot and anthracnose on pepper plants. As for bacterial spot, the treatment of pine oil alone displayed high disease incidence (59.6%) and low protective effect (28.9%). In comparison, the treatments of mixtures and copper hydroxide alone showed protective activities of 66.8-76.1%. The mixture of pine oil and copper hydroxide (4:1) suppressed the most effectively bacterial spot on pepper. On the other hand, the mixture of pine oil and copper hydroxide (4:1) also showed the strongest protective effect against pepper anthracnose among the 4 treatments tested; its disease incidence and disease control value were 49.8% and 41.7%, respectively. The other treatments showed low protective activities with control values of 7.4-17.1%. These results suggested that the mixture of pine oil and copper hydroxide (4:1) can be used for the environmental-friendly disease control of bacterial spot and anthracnose on pepper.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Objective : This study was conducted to observe the anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the metabolic benefits, of pear extract and herbal drug mixture (Lycii Fructus, Coicis Semen, Alimatis Rhizoma, and Astragali Radix) on rats fed with a high fat diet. Methods : The animals used were male rats and the control group was fed a high fat diet only. The experimental groups were divided into four. Exp I group was fed a high fat diet with a mixture of pear extract and 3% Lycii Fructus; Exp II group was fed a high fat diet with a mixture of pear extract and 3% Coicis Semen; Exp III group was fed a high fat diet with a mixture of pear extract and 3% Alimatis Rhizoma; and Exp IV group was fed a high fat diet with a mixture of pear extract and 3% Astragali Radix for 4 weeks. Results : The body weight gain increased in all groups, but attenuated gradually in the experimental groups compared to the control group. The food intakes were significantly lower in Exp I and Exp III groups than the control group. The concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) were significantly higher in Exp II than in the control group, and lower in Exp III group than in the control group. Also the concentration of serum free fatty acid was significantly lower in the Exp III group than in the control group. In inflammatory activities, the Exp II group was significantly lower than the control group. Conclusion : The results indicated that Exp III group (administered a mixture of pear extract and Alimatis Rhizoma) most efficiently reduced fat accumulation and body weight, while the Exp II group (administered the mixture of pear extract and Coicis Semen) had the highest elevated lipid metabolism and immune activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

The in vivo and in vitro effects of oriental herb extracts of Cassia obtusifolia, Taraxacum platycarpum and Ulmusmacrocarpa on anti-atopic allergic reaction were evaluated in this study. A mixture of these extracts exhibited more potent anti-allergic activities in human mast cells than those from individual extracts. The herbal mixture significantly inhibited the release of compound 48/80-induced $\beta$-hexosaminidase release in the human mast cell line, HMC-1. The mixture also suppressed the production of PMA and A23187-induced inflammatory cytokines in HMC-1 cells. To further investigate the in vivo effects of the herbal mixture, a Dermatophagoides farinae (DF)-induced atopic dermatitis mouse model was utilized. Oral administration of the herbal mixture significantly decreased the ear thickness and swelling in DF treated NC/Nga mice in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, serum levels of IgE and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were significantly decreased, whereas interferon-gamma (IFN-$\gamma$) levels were increased in the mixture administrated groups when compared to the control. Taken together, our data indicate the possibility of using a mixture of the oriental herb extract to relieve symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.383.2-383.2
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• 2002

Diabetic nephropathy is major chronic complication of diabetes mellitus. Advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) are largely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The irreversibly formed AGEs do not return to normal even if hyperglycemia is corrected and continue to accumulate over the lifetime of protein. The AGEs inhibitor. aminoguanidine(AG), is the only protein glycation inhibitor currently under development. its safety however is desirable. To find possible AGEs inhibitor in herbal medicines, bovine serum albumin was added to a mixture of sugars and some of processed. unprocessed herbal medicines or AG. Cyperi rhizoma was processed in four different methods according to chinese pharmacopoeia and traditional literatures. In comparision to the negative control with no inhibitor and positive control with AG. alcoholic extracts of these processed cyperi rhizoma proved to have more potent inhibitory activities than that of unprocessed cyperi rhizoma. These results revealed that some processed herbal medicines have a more potent in vitro inhibitory action on AGEs formation than AG. suggesting the possible candidate for diabetic nephropathy from the processed herbal medicines.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2020

This study investigated a mixture of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) extracts (ALM16), exerts anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and its underlying mechanism. ALM16 was prepared by mixing AM and LE extracts in a ratio of 7:3 (w/w). Cytotoxicity of ALM16 in RAW264.7 cells was not shown up to 200 ㎍/mL of ALM16. The results of this study showed that ALM16 does-dependently inhibits the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. ALM16 not only markedly reduced the protein expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, but also inhibited the nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In addition, ALM16 specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that ALM16 may exert anti-inflammatory effect by modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.285-293
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• 2007

Burn is a dermal injury mainly caused by heat. It occurs by flame, boiling water or liquid, steam, sparks, chemicals, radiation, and electricity. Burn is classified as four grades depending on how deep into the skin a person is burned. As the deep second-degree burns possibly leave scars, it can have various physical, psychological, and aesthetical effects with seriousness on the patient with a burn. This report is on the 50-year-old female patient who had a burn with boiling water and a mixture condition of superficial and deep second degree burn. The Korean medical treatments such as Herbal acupuncture, Herbal medication, Acupuncture, Herbal-ointment were used for 17 days to treat effectively the patient with a mixture of superficial and deep second degree burn. It is difficult to find out the report that treats a burn with Korean medical treatment. If more clinical treatments as in this report are proved to be effective, we are able to expect that Korean medical treatment should be a good treatment in burn.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.695-699
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• 2009

UV irradiation causes skin-aging involving coarse wrinkles, thickening, dyspigmentation, and rough skin surface. This study was carried out to develop health & functional food by using Korean red ginsneg and Fagopyrum esculentum extract mixture (RGFE) for prevention of skin wrinkles. The RGFE-treated group showed the more effective collagenase inhibition rate than the red ginseng (RG)-treated group. To investigate photo protective effects of RGFE on UV-induced damaged skin, SKH hairless male mice were orally administerd RGFE and regional treatment and irradiated with UV for up to 8 weeks. In RGFE-treated group, better skin, and less wrinkle formation were observed compared with UV group. Epidermal thickness of hairless mouse was significantly decreased in RGFE, RG, and Fagopyrum esculentum (FE) groups compared with UV group. These results demonstrate RGFE have photo-protective effects on UV-damaged hairless mouse skin.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the synergistic protective effects of medicinal herbal mixture (HME) including Mori Ramulus (MR), Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC), Eucommiae Cortex (EC), and Black soybean (BS) in C2C12 cells, mouse myoblasts. Methods : Effects of HME on cell viability of C2C12 myoblasts were monitored by MTT assay. Anti-atrophic activity of HME was determined in myoblasts and myotubes under oxidative stress by H₂O₂. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes in a medium containing 2% horse serum for 6 days. After that, we measured that expression of MyoD and myogenine, the myogenic regulatory factors, to identify the mechanism of inhibiting muscle atophy after HME treatment. In addition, suppression of phosphorylation of Akt, FoxO3a and MARF-1, transcription factors of degradation proteins were analyzed via western blotting. Results : As a result of MTT, HME there was no show cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The cytoprotective effects on oxidative stressed myoblast and myotube was better in HME extract than those of MR, AC, EU, and BS, respectively. HME treatment in Myotube induced by oxidative stress after H₂O₂ treatment increased Myo D, Myogenine activation, and Akt, FoxO3a phosphorylation and decreased expression of MuRF-1. As the results, HME has synergistic effects on protection against proteolysis of C2C12 myotubes through activation of the Akt signaling pathway under oxidative stress. Conclusions : These results suggest that HME may also be useful as a preventing and treating material for skeletal muscle atrophy caused by age-related diseases.