• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.508-513
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• 1998

The hepatoprotective effect of DA-9601, a quality-controlled extract of artemisisa asiatica, on liver damage induced by acetaminophen (APAP) and carbon tetrachloride ($CCI_{4}$) was investigated by means of serum-biochemical, hepatic-biochemical, and histopathological examinations. Doses of Da-9601 (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to each rat on three consecutive days i.e. 48 h, 24 h and 2 h before a single administration of APAP (640 mg/kg, i.p.) or $CCI_{4}$ (2 ml/kg, p.o.). Four h and 24 h after hepatotoxin treatment, the animals were sacrificed for evaluation of liver damage. Pretreatment of Da-9601 reduced the elevation of serum ALT, AST. LDH and histopathological changes such as centrilobular necrosis, vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration dose-dependently. Da-9601 also prevented APAP- and $CCI_{4}$-induced hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion and $CCI_{4}$-induced increase of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), a parameter of lipid peroxidation, in a chemically induced liver injury by complex mechanisms which involve prevention of lipid peroxidation and preservation of hepatic GSH.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.351-357
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• 2003

Five kinds of allylthiopyridazine derivatives were synthesized and their chemoprotective activities examined in rats exposed to aflatoxin $B_1$-toxicant. Rats were pretreated with five allylthiopyridazine derivatives at daily oral doses of 50 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days, and during this period with one or three repeated doses of the potent hepatotoxin, aflatoxin $B_1$. The hepatoprotective effects of the allylthiopyridazine derivatives against aflatoxin $B_1$ (1 mg/kg, three times at intervals of 3 days, i.p., or at 3 mg/kg, once at final days, i.p.) administration were showed the significantly normal as compared with control in body and liver weights. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were markedly elevated after aflatoxin $B_1$ administration, and pretreatment with allylthiopyridazine derivatives, before aflatoxin $B_1$ administration, resulted in decreased levels of these enzymes. In addition, the allylthiopyridazine derivatives, K6 (3-methoxy-), K8 (3-chloro-), K16 (3-ethoxy-) and K17 (3-n-propoxy), induced elevated hepatic GSH levels. Four kinds of allylthiopyridazine derivatives investigated were effective against aflatoxin $B_1$ -induced hepatotoxicity.

• 환경생물
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2013

환경시료에서 마이크로시스틴 분해능을 나타낸 균주 1종을 분리하였고 16S rRNA gene sequence 분석 결과, Microbacterium sp.로 동정되어 Microbacterium sp. MA21로 명명하였다. R2A배지를 기본 배지로 하여 $50{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ microcystin-LR을 첨가하여 $30^{\circ}C$, 12시간 동안 배양한 후 PPIA를 통해 microcystin이 80% 이상 분해되는 것을 확인하였다. Microcystin-LR의 분해를 HPLC 분석을 통해 재확인하였고, microcystin 분해산물로 추정되는 두 개의 peak를 확인하였다. 16S rRNA 염기서열을 이용한 계통분류 분석 결과, 본 연구에서 분리한 Microbacterium sp. MA21은 Alphaproteobacteria의 Sphingomonas 속에 속하지 않는 것은 물론 Actinobacteria에는 속하지만 기존에 보고되지 않은, 새로운 genus로 확인되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제38권3호통권150호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2007

Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI has been used in traditional medicine of the treatment of inflammatory, liver dysfunction and order disorder in the far east countries including Korea. The present study was carried out to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of Artemisia princeps (AP) and its fermented agents (AP-F) by lactic acid bacteria derived from human intestinal bacteria on liver injured rat induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. Hepatoprotective activity was monitored by estimating serum ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione redeuctase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activities in the liver injured by hepatotoxin. Pretreating rats with AP or AP-F at the same dosage regimen significantly suppressed the acute elevation of serum transaminase, ALP, LDH and GR activities, and significantly increased the lowering of blood SOD and GR activites induced by hepatoxin. Based on these findings, it is presumed that AP and APF may have the hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity rat.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.204-210
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• 2014

The brown alga Saccharina japonica is consumed as a foodstuff in many countries. Carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) is a potent hepatotoxin that is used to assess hepatotoxicity in animal models. This study assessed the protective effect of S. japonica extract (SJE) on $CCl_4$-induced acute liver injury in rats. Experimental rats were divided into the following three groups: control, $CCl_4$, and $CCl_4$+SJE; the latter two groups were given 150 or 300 mg SJE/kg orally for 10 days. Three hours after the final treatment, all rats-except for those in the control group-were administered intraperitoneal injections of $CCl_4$. One day later, blood and liver samples were collected for evaluation biomarker of levels. Aspartate transaminase (APT; GPT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT; GOT) levels were markedly lower in the $CCl_4$+SJE group than the $CCl_4$ group. The hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the $CCl_4$+SJE group was significantly lower than that of the $CCl_4$ group. In comparison, glutathione S-transferase (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels were significantly higher in the $CCl_4$+SJE group. Western blotting revealed that SJE attenuated the $CCl_4$-induced EGFR and MAPK activity in the liver. Thus, we conclude that SJE protects against $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2007

Green quantum-dot nanocrystal (QD525) with anti-microcystin monoclonal antibody was applied for detection of microcystin, a monocyclic peptide hepatotoxin, extracted from the culture of Microcystis aeruginosa. The presence of microcystin in the cell lysate was verified by HPLC analysis with UV absorbance at 238 nm. Microcystis cell extract exhibited fluorescence emission spectra, which peak was around 460 nm because of their complex organic substances. When a spherical QD525 antibody conjugates (10~20 nm in diameter) were bound to the microcystins in the Microcystis cell lysate, the fluorescence intensity of the primary peak at 525 nm diminished while the secondary emission peak at 460 nm slightly increased intensities. It is due to energy transfer from the primary (major) to the secondary (minor) peak, resulting from physical deformation of QD525 and different environmental factors. On the other hand, other cell extracts did not show any fluorescence emission change. This study is very available for detecting and monitoring the microcystin because it is one step assay without washing step and portable spectrophotometer makes on-site measurement possible. For health risk assessment of the microcystin, the reliable and rapid system to detect and quantify microcystin is seriously required.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2000

실험동물에 있어서 간조직의 손상 정도에 미치는 xenobiotics의 투여기간에 의한 영향을 검토할 목적으로 hepatotoxin의 일종인 bromobenzene의 투여 횟수에 의한 간손상 정도와 이의 기전을 구명 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 흰쥐에 1일 간격으로 bromobenzene (400 mg/kg)을 복강으로 1회, 3회 및 6회 투여한 실험군을 대상으로 하여 실시한 실험에서 혈청 alanine aminotransferase (ALT)의 활성 및 체중 당 간 무게는 bromobenzene을 1회 투여 한 1일째에는 대조군과 별다른 변동을 볼 수 없었으나 3회 투여 한 3일째에는 유의하게 증가되었으며, 이후 6일째 6회 투여한 실험군에서는 체중 당 간 무게 및 혈청 ALT활성이 3일째 보다 현저히 감소되어 오히려 대조군과 유사하였다. 이와 같이 투여 횟수의 증가에 따른 간손상의 정도가 투여 횟수와 비례하지 않은 것이 어떠한 기전에 의해서 나타나는지를 구명하기 위해 bromobenzene 대사에 관여하는 간조직 중 aniline hydroxylase 및 glutathione S-transferase 활성과 glutathione (GSH) 함량을 측정한 결과, 이들 대사효소 및 GSH 이용률이 bromobenzene 6회 투여군에서 1회 및 3회 투여군 보다 높게 나타났다. 이상 실험 결과를 종합해 볼 때 어떤 독성물질이 생체에 계속 폭로 시 어느 시점에서 중독현상이 경감되는 것은 이 독성물질의 대사율을 증가시켜 해독하려는 생리적응현상이 일어 날 수 있다는 가설을 제시할 수 있다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제37권1호통권144호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2006

Hepatoprotective effects of an aqueous extract prepared from the aerial part of Agrimonia eupatoria L., a species of agrimmony, were investigated in experimental liver-damaged models. To investigate hepatoprotective effects, the agrimmony extract were fed orally to experimental animals. Thereafter a single dose of hepatotoxin, carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ or D-galac-tosamine was orally administrated. Chronic liver damage was induced by oral administration of $CCl_4$ for 2 weeks (1 time/day). Hepatoprotective effects were monitored by estimating serum AST and ALT levels. The results showed that the agrimmony extract significantly reduced AST and ALT levels compared with those of control group in both acute and chronic animal models. It was concluded that the agrimmony extract have hepatoprotective effects against rat liver injury induced by $CCl_4$ or D-galactosamine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.663-668
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• 2011

Galgeun-tang (GGT) has been a great source for treating cold diseases in the folk medicine recipe. Carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) is one type of hepatotoxin that can eventually cause liver injury. During the experiment, we first studied the protective effects of GGT against $CC_4$-induced hepatotoxicity. GGT was pretreated for 3 h, and 1% $CCl_4$ was added to mouse primary liver cells. After 4 h, ROS generation and expression of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) were analyzed by FACS and real time PCR. Also, the activities of ALT and LDH were measured using cultured medium. The hepatic levels of TNF-alpha and iNOS, which are related to inflammation and stress response gene, HSP72 and HO-1 were analyzed by PCR or real time PCR. Liver tissues were analyzed by HE stain. From the observation, we discovered that GGT treatment protects $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity, and that GGT pretreatment decreases ROS generation, TNF-alpha and iNOS expression. However, gene expression of CAT, SOD, GPx, HSP72 and HO-1 were increased by GGT. These results lead to the conclusion that GGT has protective effects against $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.296-302
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• 2010

남조세균 Microcystis (Cyanobacteria, Chroococcales)는 담수 녹조원인 생물의 하나로써 일부 종은 microcystin이라는 간 독소를 분비한다. 따라서 담수 수질관리 및 보건위생 측면에서 이들에 대한 관리가 필요하다. 본 연구는 Microcystis 분자 검출을 위한 신규 마커로 RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) 유전자 염기서열을 분석하여 이들의 분자적 특성을 규명하였다. Microcystis rpoB 유전자는 16S rRNA보다 염기 유사도와 유전거리에서 큰 변이가 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(Student t-test, p<0.05). Parsimony 분석을 통해 rpoB 유전자가 16S rRNA 유전자보다 2배 이상 빠르게 진화하는 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 rpoB 유전자 phylogeny 분석에서 16S rRNA tree 보다 M. aeruginosa 균주를 명확하게 구분해 주었다. Microcystis가 속하는 Chroococcales 목은 염색체 안에 2개 정도의 rRNA 오페론이 있고 rpoB 유전자는 1개 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구결과는 rpoB 유전자가 Microcystis의 분자계통분류 및 분자검출 마커로 유용하다는 것을 제시해 준다.