• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.118-138
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• 1996

Because of accelerated urbanization public body visiting nursing project that started according as matter of health on urban class in the lower brackets of income was concentrated on Social interests has a unsatisfied points to propel project efficiently from the lack of rating materials. Therefore centering around written contents in documentary literature of citizen health by household in five years from starting year of project to now. visiting frequency by medical manpower was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively in aspect of management hereupon. for the sake of giving a basic materials for public health project of this field. This research presents documentary literature of citizen health which become materials is that as one person's charged region of nurse in duty scale. district is Kang-Buck Gu. the object is resident in the lower brackets of income grounded livelihood protection law and who is admitted by the head of organ~chief of health care). and the number of material centering around the head of a household is 415 copy. The result of research is summarized. as follow. 1. Average visiting frequency examinated by medical manpower show difference according to valuables of supervision characteristics namely average visiting. Frequency of nurse has long term residence in case registration season is early and supervision season is the first year and is high incase a kind of house is unlicdnsed mountain town. Average visiting frequency with doctor is high incase supervision season is the first year and the medical insurance system is admitted by chief of health care. That shows that a man of discomfort behavior left alone are yet many in local society. The meaning of this result shows that the continuity of official relation about class in the lowest brackets of income of long term residence goes well between househole who is a user of visiting nursing service of the object according to midway income under management influences a given duty of nurse s and so causes quantitative decrease. 2. In case behavier and condition of health that nurse diagnoses are bad. as the type matter is a lack of health and the number of patient is large. the average visiting frequency of nurse is high. because average visiting frequency with doctor is high as the condition of health is bad and the number of patient is large. That is similar with that of nurse. CD Average visiting frequency of nurse s seen by matter of disease is very high only in apoplexy by 39.50 and is confined within limits from 7.63 to 11.36 in other disease. But average visiting frequency with doctor is double as many as that of nurse but defined in apoplexy hypertension and articulate. (1) Average visiting frequency of nurse by existence in inoculation of hepatitis is low by 6.73 in unidentified group and very high by 26.89 in group of non-inoculation and the case of the antigenic positive man of B type hepatitis or epileptic who can't be inoculated shows 13.00 and that even family nursing service is needed to them. That result shows that though one person nurse of local charge has a large scale of duty. as visting nursing service is given a class who has a large demand preferentially by respectively accurate nursing diagnosis. the number of diagnosis service is similar with it. 3. During five years. average visiting frequency of nurse is 10.84 and average visiting frequency with doctor is 76.50 seeing from the official scale of nurse. visiting by household is performed two more per year to the average. Seeing this by type of service. average visiting frequency of nurse is higher in indirectly nursing than in directly nursing and that suggests that at the time of visiting household nurse performs education of protection lively save patient but at the time of contrastedly visiting with doctor. directly nursing is more contents of service show no difference by man power and medication dressing by demand is 14.3 and 18.6 the aid of hardship term of doctor and nurse is high by 18.7 and 17.00 in the request of hospitalization when seeing by demands. 4. Action by turns exemplified 1994 is well in sequence of 2/4 turn. 3/4 turn. 1/4 turn. 4/4 turn. When seen by average visiting frequency of nurse but gradually is even. Without difference by turns. average visiting frequency of doctor is much higher in 1/4 turn than other turns. Type of service by turns is all even but directly nursing is inactive in 4/4 and indirectly nursing. Very increases in 4/4 and so. Nurse's quantity of duty is plentiful that shows that by evaluation of last turn and plan of project. Contents of service follows that medication and dressing is the highest by' 5.57 in 1/4turn. goes down gradually by turn. becomes 3.57 in 3/4 turn. and increases again by 4.83 in 4/4 turn. the rest service is higher in 2/4 turn than other turns. 5. Total visiting frequency of nurse is explained to total $37.5\%$ by six valuables of visiting frequency of doctor. nursing demand. demand of diagnosis. condition of behavior. year. Special terms and magnitude of influential power is the same as sequence of enumerated valuables. Namely. the higher the visiting frequency of doctor. the bigger nursing and demand of diagnosis is. the worse the condition of behavior is. the older the object is and the more the household of special terms is. the high total visiting frequency of nurse is.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.731-736
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• 2012

Background and Aims: The National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) for liver cancer was initiated in 2003 in Korea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the participation rate of the program and to provide preliminary information on its results based on data collected by the NCSP in 2009. Methods: The target population of the NCSP for liver cancer in 2009 was comprised of 373,590 adults aged ${\geq}40$ years at high risk for liver cancer. Participation rates and positivity rates were assessed in this population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with participation in the NCSP for liver cancer. Results: The overall participation rate was 37.9% and 1,126 participants were positive at screening. The highest participation rates were observed in women, those in their 60s, National Health Insurance beneficiaries, and individuals positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Positivity rates for men, those in their 70s, Medical Aid Program recipients and individuals with liver cirrhosis were the highest in the respective categories of gender, age, health insurance type, and risk factor for liver cancer. Conclusions: The participation rates of the NCSP for liver cancer are still low, despite the fact that the program targets a high-risk group much smaller than the general population. Efforts to facilitate participation and to reduce disparities in liver cancer screening among Korean men and women are needed. These results provide essential data for evidence-based strategies for liver cancer control in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2000

Objectives : To assess the seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in high school students in Cheju Province, Korea. Methods : A total of 4,570 high school students from 18 schools in Cheju Province were investigated for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies(IgG) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Risk factors for toxoplasmosis, such as place of residence, type of house, contact with cats and other pets, and rare meat consumption, were examined by questionnaire. Results . The overall antibody positive rate was 5.5% and ranged from 2.6 to 11.5% by school. There was no significant difference between males and females. Statistical analyses of the questionnaire data indicated that the risk factors for seropositivity were: (1) birth place (Cheju/others), (2) place of residence (rural/urban), (3) dietary habits (vegetarian/non vegetarian), (4) eating rare meat, (5) exposure to pets and (6) hepatitis B. Conclusion : We confirmed that the prevalence of the anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody in a population of high school students in Cheju Province was to the previously reported prevalence.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.461-465
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• 2016

This report includes the recommended immunization schedule table for children and adolescents based on the 8th (2015) and revised 7th (2012) Immunization Guidelines released by the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society (KPS). Notable revised recommendations include: reorganization of the immunization table with a list of vaccines on the vertical axis and the corresponding age on the horizontal axis; reflecting the inclusion of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and hepatitis A vaccine into the National Immunization Program since 2012; addition of general recommendations for 2 new Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccines and their interchangeability with existing JE vaccines; addition of general recommendations for quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccines and scope of the recommended targets for vaccination; and emphasizing catch-up immunization of Tdap vaccine. Detailed recommendations for each vaccine may be obtained from the full KPS 8th Immunization Guidelines.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.405-409
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• 2006

복분자는 장미과에 속하는 야생 딸기로서 피로회복 및 영양보충 효과로 최근 그 응용 범위가 넓어지고 있다. 복분자 열매에는 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방 및 식이섬유가 포함되어 있고, 활성 성분으로는 tannin을 포함한 여러 플라보노이드류, 그 외에 여러 유기산 및 알콜 및 하이드로카 본류가 주류를 이루고 있다. 이러한 활성 성분에 기인한 효능으로는 면역활성 증가, 황산화활성 증대, 호르몬분비 촉진, B형 간염바이러스 억제, 체중조절 효과 등이 있다. 상기한 다양한 기능성을 활용하기 위한 방안으로 최근 여러 형태의 식품, 화장품 및 의약품이 개발되고 있다. 특히 단순한 추출물에서 단일 유용성분의 분리를 통한 제품 개발로 그 범위가 확대되고 있다. 본 총설에서는 복분자 연구 분야 가운데서 그 유용 성분의 연구와 응용에 관한 최근의 연구논문과 특허를 정리하여 최근 동향을 가늠할 수 있게 하였다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the disease preventive behavior and health promoting behavior of a community residents. The subjects were selected by convenient sampling and the total number was 300(Female, 170, Male, 130). The data were collected by face to face interviews during the period of Sep. 15-30, 1999. The measurement tool for this study was the rating score for disease preventive behavior and health promoting behavior. The instrument was developed by the researcher based on the tool of Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA. $x^2-test$ by Windows SPSS/PC program(v7.5). The results were as follows: 1. In the comparison of disease preventive behavior rates between male and female, there was a statistically significant difference in physical examination, measuring the blood pressure and vaccination for B type hepatitis. In the comparison of disease preventive behavior rates among the age, there was a statistically significant difference in physical examination, measuring the blood pressure. 2. The rating score for the health promoting behavior of the men subjects was lower than that of the women subjects. In the comparison of health promoting behavior scores between male and female, there was a statistically significant difference in smoking, drinking, regular exercise, breakfast eating, vegetable consumption and teeth brushing. In the comparison of promoting Behavior scores among the age, there were significant difference, there was a statistically significant difference in smoking, sleeping, seat belt use, breakfast eating and salty eating.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.280-291
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• 2011

Vaccines are products for immunization which can provoke antibodies by eliciting immune reponses without causing disease and have played an important role in preventing fatal and contagious diseases as well as H1N1 influenza. They are classified by two following categories; lived attenuated vaccine and killed vaccine and currently commonly using vaccines are BCG, diphtheria, tetanus, mumps, measles, rubella, polio, Haemophilus influenza type b, hepatitis B, influenza etc. All vaccines must be used correctly to reach optimal therapeutic goals and also informed well to patients to decrease potential problems. In order to do, pharmacists must have good knowledge of vaccines. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the necessity of vaccine education for pharmacists and develop a vaccine leaflet for patient counseling. We have performed a survey with questionnaire for a total of 176 pharmacists and nurses(hospital pharmacists, n=65; community pharmacists, n=50; hospital nurses, n=61) from January 27th to March 12th, 2010. The questionnaire includes items about vaccine education and counseling and 12 quizzes to evaluate responders' knowledge of vaccines. We used the SPSS(Version 12. for windows) program to analyze the data. In results, 94.9% of all responders said they had not been educated on vaccines. And only 1.1% of all responders said they know about vaccines enough to counsel patients. Pharmacists who have an experience recommending vaccines to other people are 21.7%. On the other hand, nurses who have an experience recommending vaccines to other people are 55.7%(p=0.000). The mean number of correct answers at the 12 quizzes are followings; hospital pharmacist, 8.1; community pharmacist, 6.1, hospital nurses, 6.2(p=0.000). A vaccine leaflet for patient counseling is developed with several references. In conclusion, due to no opportunity of vaccine education, pharmacists have no confidence to counsel patients and lack of knowledge of vaccine. But importance of vaccine's role is increasing, pharmacists should counsel patients in vaccination. So they need vaccine education and a vaccine leaflet will be helpful for their counseling.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.454-458
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• 2006

출아효모인 Sacharomyces cerevisiae S288C균주를 이용한 효모의 게놈이 완성된 후 S. cerevisiae는 다양한 연구 모델로 이용되어져 왔다. 현재까지 효모를 이용한 기능 유전체학 측면에서의 연구는 laboratory strainin인 S288C 균주 또는 그 유래의 균주들이다. 그러나 자연에서 분리된 효모 또는 산업적으로 이용되어지고 있는 S. cerevisiae의 유전학 측면에서의 연구는 낮은 포자형성률 및 형질전환률, 그리고 S288C 균주와의 게놈상의 상이성 때문에 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 여기서 우리 연구진은 자연에서 분리된 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 균주를 이용하여 random spore analysis를 통해 MATa 및 $MAT{\alpha}$ 타입의 각각의 haploid cell을 분리 후 이미 보고된 KanMX module를 가지고 round PCR기법에 의한 short flanking homology 기법을 이용하여 전사조절인자인 HSF1 유전자가 치환된 변이주를 구축할 수 있었다. 덧붙여, 모든 유전자에 이 기법을 적용할 수는 없다는 것을 확인하였다. 앞으로 이 변이주를 통해 기능 유전체학적인 측면에서 이 유전자의 스트레스와의 관련성을 연구하고자 한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1789-1794
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• 2015

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver problem in diabetes, is a risk factor for liver cancer. Diabetes, high body mass index (BMI) and old age can all contribute to NAFLD progression. Transient elastography (TE) is used for non-invasive fibrosis assessment. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of NAFLD and significant hepatic fibrosis in diabetic patients and to assess associated factors. Materials and Methods: One hundred and forty-one diabetic and 60 normal subjects were screened. Fatty liver was diagnosed when increased hepatic echogenicity and vascular blunting were detected by ultrasonography. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) representing hepatic fibrosis was assessed by TE. LSM ${\geq}7$ kPa was used to define significant hepatic fibrosis. Results: Four cases were excluded due to positive hepatitis B viral markers and failed TE. Diabetic patients had higher BMI, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and fasting glucose levels than normal subjects. Fatty liver was diagnosed in 82 (60.7%) diabetic patients but in none of the normal group. BMI (OR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.02-1.69; p=0.038) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(OR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.05-1.23; p=0.002) were associated with NAFLD. Diabetic patients with NAFLD had higher LSM than those without [5.99 (2.4) vs 4.76 (2.7) kPa, p=0.005)]. Significant hepatic fibrosis was more common in diabetic patients than in normal subjects [22 (16.1%) vs 1 (1.7%), p=0.002]. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(OR: 1.24; 95%CI: 1.07-1.42; p=0.003) was associated with significant hepatic fibrosis. Conclusions: Sixty and sixteen percent of diabetic patients were found to have NAFLD and significant hepatic fibrosis. High BMI and ALT levels are the predictors of NAFLD, and elevated AST level is associated with significant hepatic fibrosis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.455-461
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• 2013

Retinoids regulate not only various cell functions including proliferation and differentiation but also glucose and lipid metabolism. After we observed a marked up-regulation of cellular retinol-binding protein-I (CRBP-I) in the liver of hepatitis B virus x antigen (HBx)-transgenic (HBx Tg) mice which are prone to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and fatty liver, we aimed to evaluate retinoid pathway, including genes for the retinoid physiology, CRBP-I protein expression, and retinoid levels, in the liver of HBx Tg mice. We also assessed the effect of chronic metformin treatment on HCC development in the mice. Many genes involved in hepatic retinoid physiology, including CRBP-I, were altered and the tissue levels of retinol and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were elevated in the liver of HBx Tg mice compared to those of wild type (WT) control mice. CRBP-I protein expression in liver, but not in white adipose tissue, of HBx Tg mice was significantly elevated compared to WT control mice while CRBP-I protein expressions in the liver and WAT of high-fat fed obese and db/db mice were comparable to WT control mice. Chronic treatment of HBx Tg mice with metformin did not affect the incidence of HCC, but slightly increased hepatic CRBP-I level. In conclusion, hepatic CRBP-I level was markedly up-regulated in HCC-prone HBx Tg mice and neither hepatic CRBP-I nor the development of HCC was suppressed by metformin treatment.