• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.416-418
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• 2009

The hepatoprotective effect of Cordyceps militaris culture broth was determined using HaM/ICR strain mice. Compared to control, the intra-peritoneal injection of benzo($\alpha$)pyrene (B($\alpha$)P) remarkably increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum and the level of lipid peroxide (LPO) in liver tissue, which mean the liver was damaged by B($\alpha$)P. However, compared to B($\alpha$)P, oral administration of C. militaris culture broth showed decrement of AST, ALT, and LPO activities and increment GST activity and GSH level in liver tissue. These suggest that C. militaris culture broth recovered hepatic damage induced by B($\alpha$)P.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2003

Recently, we reported (J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr, 31(3): 516-520, 2002) that Semisulcospira libertina (Marsh Snail) pretreatment has a hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms of hepatoprotection by S. libertina (SL) on liver injury induced by acetaminophen (AA). Male ICR mice were pretreated with dehydrated powder of SL once daily for three consecutive days, given a single toxic dose of AA (450 mg/kg) and liver function determined 24 h later. Liver damage was assessed by quantifying serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities, and by measuring hepatic lipid peroxidation. To confirm possible mechanism(s), the content of hepatic glutathione (GSH) and gene expression of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF $\alpha$) mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) were also measured. Pretreatment with SL dramatically lowered AA-elevated ALT, AST and SDH activities. SL pretreatment decreased AA-produced lipid peroxidation by 11% and restored the AA-depleted hepatic GSH by 27%. Furthermore, SL markedly suppressed the expression of TNF $\alpha$ mRNA induced by AA. Our findings revealed that the possible hepatoprotective mechanisms of SL could be attributed, at least in part, to the glutathione-mediated detoxification as well as the regulation of TNF $\alpha$ mRNA expression.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.394-402
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• 2015

To evaluate the benefits of Hyangsayangyi-tang aqueous extracts (HSYYT) on the propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced Rat hypothyroidism. 6 groups, each consisting 8 Rats were used in the present study - Intact vehicle control, PTU control, LT₄, HSYYT 500, 250 and 125 ㎎/㎏ treated groups. HSYYT was given, once day for 42 days from 2 weeks before start of PTU treatment as an oral dose of 500, 250 and 125 ㎎/㎏(body weight), and for 28 days while the PTU 10 ㎎/㎏ by daily subcutaneous treatment induced hypothyroidism. Compared the results with LT₄ 0.5 ㎎/㎏ intraperitoneally treated rats in this experiment. Results of the PTU treatment included; decreases of body weight, increase in thyroid weight, decrease in liver weight, in serum T₃, and T₄ level decrease with increase of serum TSH levels, in serum HDL increase and in TG content decrease, decrease in liver antioxidants defense system, increase of serum AST levels were observed. However, these PTU induced hypothyroidism and related hepatic damages were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment of HSYYT 500 and 250 ㎎/㎏, and they also effectively regulated the PTU-induced abnormal antioxidant defense system changes in liver. Therefore, in comparison with the PTU control group, it was effective and advantageous changes were not observed in HSYYT 125 ㎎/㎏ treated rats on the PTU induced hypothyroidism and related hepatic damages. In this experiment, HSYYT 500 and 250 ㎎/㎏ dose-dependently inhibited PTU-induced hypothyroidism and related liver damage in rats but not in HSYYT 125 ㎎/㎏.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.460-465
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• 2013

The hepatoprotective activity of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai extract (AE) was investigated against D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced liver failure rats compared with that of acanthoic acid (AA) isolated from AE. Although D-GalN/LPS (250 mg/kg body weight/$10{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, i.p.) induced hepatic damage, pretreatments with AE (1 and 3% AE/g day) and AA (0.037% AA, equivalent to 3% AE/g day) alleviated the hepatic damage. This effect was the result of a significant decrease in the activity of alanine transaminase. Concomitantly, both the nitric oxide and IL-6 levels in the plasma were significantly decreased by high-dose AE (AE3) treatment compared to the GalN/LPS control (AE0). This response resulted from the regulation of pro-inflammatory signaling via a decrease in TLR4 and CD14 mRNA levels in the liver. While a high degree of necrosis and hemorrhage were observed in the AE0, pretreatment with AE3 and AA reduced the extent of hepatocyte degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltrates compared to the AE0. In conclusion, these results suggest that especially high-dose AE are capable of alleviating D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatic injury by decreasing hepatic toxicity, thereby mitigating the TLR 4-dependent cytokine release. The anti-inflammatory effect of AE could be contributing to that of AA and AE is better than AA.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.537-546
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• 2017

This study was performed to determine the hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of loquat leaf (LL) on alcohol-induced liver damage in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=32) were divided into the following four groups: normal group (NOR), ethanol administrated group (ET), ethanol plus LL 200 mg/kg BW/day administrated group (ET-LLL), and ethanol plus LL 400 mg/kg Bw/day administrated group (ET-LLH). Body weight gain and food intake of the ET group were significantly reduced compared to those of the ET-LLL and ET-LLH groups. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities elevated by ethanol administration were significantly reduced by LL administration. Serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents and hepatic TG and TC contents of the ET group were significantly elevated compared to those of the NOR group. However, TG and TC contents in the serum and liver were significantly reduced in the ET-LLH group. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) contents of the ET-LLL and ET-LLH groups were significantly elevated, and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents were reduced compared to that of the ET group. Taken together, these results suggest that LL may have a possible protective effect on the improvement of hepatic injury by ethanol administration.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.457-463
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• 2008

The effects of dietary supplementation of the unrefined rice bran oil from 'Suwon 415' pigmented black rice (BRBO) on cholesterol metabolism and cellular antioxidant status were investigated in hypercholesterolemic rats. The significant reduction of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations was observed in the plasma of rats fed BRBO. BRBO also decreased plasma and hepatic oxidative stress as a result of increased levels of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels associated with the elevations of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities together with increased plasma level of tocopherol. This study indicates that dietary BRBO supplement can leads to the improvement of overall cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant status even more effectively than 'Chuchung' white rice (WRBO). Consumption of BRBO may also protect the liver from oxidative damage caused by lipid peroxidation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2006

To elucidate the effect of antioxidant complex containing $\beta-carotene$, vitamin E, vitamin C, Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract and selenium on oxygen :tree radical production and detoxification system, rats were fed normal diet and normal diet with antioxidant complex 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% for 3 weeks. Feed efficiency ratio, changes in body weight, weight gain and amounts of feces of rat are similar in four groups. Liver weight per body weight and hepatic lipid peroxide weight increased in 0.5% group. However, hepatic glutathione contents in all antioxidant complex added groups were significantly increased compare with normal control group. On the other hand, the activity of xanthine oxidase was a little increased due to the amounts of antioxidant complex. Superoxide dismutase and gutathione peroxidase activity of 0.1% antioxidant complex added group were increased about $10{\sim}20%$ in comparison to normal control group. These results suggest that the supplementation of antioxidant complex 0.1% to basal diet may reduce the hepatic damage caused by free radicals.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.221-224
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• 1997

Effects of melatonin on hepatic glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione-reductase (GSH-reductase) activities were studied in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats administered i.p. (10 mg/kg body weight) with melatonin during 15 days. The activity of cytosolic GSH-reductase in the liver was not changed by melatonin. However, melatonin injection increased significantly the activity of liver cytosolic GSH-Px activity compared with those in saline-treated rats. At the same time, plasma GSH-Px was also increased significantly in melatonin-treated rats. Since GSH-Px, a major antioxidative enzyme, removes $H_2O_2$ and lipid peroxides which are formed during lipid peroxidation from cellular membrane, such elevation of heptatic GSH-Px activity may contribute to the improvement of antioxidative effects under oxidative damage in the liver.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 1995

To investigate an effect of ethanol pretreatment on the bromobenzene metabolism, the brornobenzene (400 mg/kg body wt. i. p.) was given 3 times at intervals of one day to the male rats orally pretreated with 5% ethanol throughout 2 months. In the ethanol pretreated rats, liver injuries were not demonstrated on the basis of the liver weight per body weight, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and histopathologic findings. By the bromobenzene treatment, ethanol pretreated rats showed the more decreased levels of serum ALT and liver weight/body weight(%), and decreased degree of liver damage on histopathological observation than the control group. The ethanol pretreated rats showed the more increased activities of hepatic aniline hydroxylase, glutathione Stransf erase (GST) and the more decreased contents of glutathione than the control. Concomitantly the ethanol pretreated rats showed the more decreased contents of hepatic glutathione and increased activities of GST by the bromobenzene treatment. Above results indicate that ethanol pretreatment enhance the metabolizing ability of bromobenzene in rats.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

Hepatic subcellular $\alpha$-D-mannosidases activities and its Km and Vmax values were determined in chronic ethanol intoxicated rats with extrahepatic cholestasis induced by common bile duct ligation to manifest the biochemical background of alcohol drinking hazard under the hepatobiliary disease. In case of extrahepatic cholestasis, chronic ethanol intoxication in animals led to the increased activities of liver Golgi and microsomal $\alpha$-D-mannosidase as well as the Vmax values of these enzymes. However, the difference of Km values on hepatic subcellular enzymes were not found between the experimental groups. Therefore, the results indicate that the liver Golgi and microsomal $\alpha$-D-mannosidase may be more induced in chronic ethanol intoxication animals in case of cholestasis. Accordingly, the resulting data supported the fact that alcoholic drinks may led to enhancement of the hepatobiliary liver damage.