• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.209-213
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• 2008

Following the Anthrax bioterrorism attacks in the US in 2001, the Korean government established comprehensive countermeasures against bioterrorism. These measures included the government assuming management of all infectious agents that cause diseases, including smallpox, anthrax, plaque, botulism, and the causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fevers (ebola fever, marburg fever, and lassa fever) for national security. In addition, the Korean government is reinforcing the ability to prepare and respond to bioterrorism. Some of the measures being implemented include revising the laws and guidelines that apply to the use of infectious agents, the construction and operation of dual surveillance systems for bioterrorism, stockpiling and managing products necessary to respond to an emergency (smallpox vaccine, antibiotics, etc.) and vigorously training emergency room staff and heath workers to ensure they can respond appropriately. In addition, the government's measures include improved public relations, building and maintaining international cooperation, and developing new vaccines and drugs for treatments of infectious agents used to create bioweapons.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2017

The first Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreak occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan in 1976 and then emerged in West Africa in 2014 with a total of 27,741 cases and 11,284 deaths. The fever is caused by the Ebola virus, which belongs to the Filoviridae family and contains a ssRNA genome. The known subtypes of the virus are Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, $Ta\ddot{i}$ Forest ebolavirus, and Zaire ebolavirus. The Ebola outbreak was historically originated majorly from the East and Central African tropical belt. The current outbreaks in West Africa caused numerous deaths and spread fear in global society. In the absence of effective treatment strategies and any vaccine, accurate diagnosis is the most important contributing factor in the management and control of the epidemic disease. WHO (World Health Organization) has announced emergency guidance for the selection and use of Ebola in in vitro diagnostic assays. Numerous companies and research institutions have studied the various diagnosis methods and identified four WHO procurement approved as diagnosis kits: RealStar Ebolavirus Screen RT-PCR kit 1.0 (Altona), Liferiver-Ebola Virus (EBOV) Real time RT-PCR kit, Xpert Ebola Assay, and ReEBOV Antigen Rapid Test Kit. The efficiency of novel diagnostic kits such as Rapid Diagnosis Test (RDT) is currently being evaluated.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1354-1357
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• 2006

Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy (AHEI) is an uncommon form of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis that occurs in infants and children younger than 2 years. AHEI is characterized clinically by marked peripheral edema and fever as well as large palpable purpuric and ecchymotic skin lesions in a target-like pattern, mainly on the face, ears and extremities, similar to the skin findings of $Henoch-Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura (HSP). The skin lesions heal spontaneously within one to three weeks and internal organs are rarely affected. We report a case of AHEI occurring in a 23-month-old boy who was initially misdiagnosed as HSP, and was later diagnosed according to his clinical symptoms and histochemical characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 1972

The plasma HGH concentrations were assayed in total 138 cases by the radioimmunoassay. The groups of control, typhoid fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, tuberculous meningitis and other febrile diseases were studied, also were the groups of hyperthyroidism, acromegaly and hypopitutarism. Insulin stimulation test was performed in control, typhoid fever and hypopituitarism. In the control group, the plasma HGH concentration in fasting (early morning) was $2.06{\pm}1.183m{\mu}g/ml$ and its upper limit was $4.5m{\mu}g/ml$. No sexual difference was observed. By the insulin stimulation, plasma HGH concentration had rised to the peak level of $24.1{\pm}15.71m{\mu}g/ml$, 60 min. after the intravenous insulin injection, then decreased to the normal level progressively. In typhoid fever, fasting HGH concentrations in febrile state and in defeverence were $2.5{\pm}1.35m{\mu}g/ml\;and\;2.2{\pm}3.32m{\mu}g/ml$ respectively, showing no significant difference with the control group. However, the levels of individual cases ranged widely, conpared with the control group. The response to the insulin stimulation test was similar to the control group. In epidemic hemorrhagic fever the HGH concentrations in oliguric phase, in diuretic phase and in convalescence were $4.2{\pm}3.71m{\mu}g/ml,\;2.2{\pm}1.30m{\mu}g/ml\;and\;3.4{\pm}3.01m{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. No significant differences were observe compared to the control, but they showed wide range of plasma HGH levels. In tuberculous meningitis, the fasting HGH concentration was $2.9{\pm}1.42m{\mu}g/ml$. In the other febrile diseases, the value was $2.5{\pm}2.23m{\mu}g/ml$. In 4 cases of hypopituitarism, the fasting HGH concentration was $2.3{\pm}0.42m{\mu}g/ml$ and ranged normally. However, the response to the insulin stimulation test was not observed. Very high plasma HGH concentrations were observed in acromegalic patients.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.8 no.1_2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1974

The author in an attempt to evaluate hemodynamic changes in the clinical stages of Korean hemorrhagic fever measured plasma volume, cardiac output and effective renal plasma flow utilizing radioisoto es during various phases of the disease. Cardiac output was measured by radiocardiography with external monitoring method using RIHSA. Effective renal plasma flow was obtained from blood clearance curve drawn by external monitoring after radiohippuran injection according to the method described by Razzak et al. The study was carried out in thirty-eight cases of Korean hemorrhagic fever and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. Plasma volume was increased in the patients during the oliguric-and hypertensive diuretic phases, while it was normal in the patients during the normotensive-diuretic phase. 2. Cardiac index was increased in the patients during the oliguric phase and was slightly increased in the patients at the hypertensive diuretic phase. It was normal in the other phases. 3. Total peripheral resistance was increased in the hypertensive patients during diuretic phase, while it was normal in the rest of phases. 4. Effective renal plasma flow was significantly reduced in the patients during the oliguric and diuretic phases as well as at one month after the oliguric onset. There was no significant difference between the oliguric and the early diuretic phases. Renal plasma flow in the group of patients at one month after the oliguric onset was about 45% of the normal, however, it returned to normal level at six months after the onset. 5. Clinical syndrome of relative hypervolemia was observed in some patients during the oliguric phase or hypertensive diuretic phase. Characteristic hemodynamic findings were high cardiac output and normal to relatively increased peripheral resistance in these cases. Relatively increased circulating blood volume due to decreased effective vascular space was suggested for the mechanism of relative hypervolemia. 6. Cardiac hemodynamic alteration returned to normal during late stage of the diuretic phase, while renal hemodynamic changes were normalized at six months after the onset.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2013

Dengue fever is an important health problem for international travelers to all endemic areas. The steadily increasing numbers of tourists visiting endemic areas raise the risk of exposure, and imported dengue cases are increasingly observed in nonendemic area. Dengue has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, often with unpredictable clinical evolution and outcome. While most patients recover following a self-limiting, non-severe clinical course, a small proportion progress to severe disease such as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Therefore, it is important to suspect dengue fever in every febrile patient returning from the tropics. Whenever it is suspected, a quick diagnosis and adequate managements are essential to avoid complications. We report two cases of imported dengue fever in Korean children presenting with fever, headache, nausea, and rash.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.72.1-72.1
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• 1976

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1966.11a
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• pp.94-95
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• 1966

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1966.11a
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• pp.95.1-95.1
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• 1966

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1971.11a
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• pp.87.2-87.2
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• 1971