• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2003

Organisms living in the Arctic and Antarctic regions are exposed to strong constraints, of which temperature is a driving factor. Evolution has led to special adaptations, some with important implications at the biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels. The northern and southern polar oceans have very different characteristics. Tectonic and oceanographic events have played a key role in delimiting the two polar ecosystems and influencing evolution. Antarctica has been isolated and cold longer than the Arctic; its ice sheet developed at least 10 million years earlier. As an intermediate system, the Arctic is a connection between the more extreme, simpler Antarctic system and the very complex temperate and tropical systems. By studying the molecular bases of cold adaptation in polar fish, and taking advantage of the information available on hemoglobin structure and function, we analysed the evolutionary history of the ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}globins$ of Antarctic and Arctic hemoglobin using the molecular clock hypothesis as a basis for reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships among species.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.259-265
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• 1982

We have designed a new type of bubble oxygenator (KOREA-KIM VENOTHERM OXYGENATOR) made of PVC sheet and deforming mesh incorporated in the heat exchanger, and evaluated in experimental animal for the analysis of it`s efficiency. The Oxygenator has low priming volume with high flow rate up to 6 L/rain, and efficiency of heat exchanger was excellent as 1-$1.5^{\circ}C.$ using total cardiopulmonary bypass method under moderate to deep hypothermia. Average priming volume of 1317 ml with 30% hemodilution method was perfused with an average of 1.1-3.0 L/min.$M^2$of arterial blood and pure oxygen at a rate of 2-3.4 L/min for 49.6 minutes continuously in average. During total cardiopulmonary bypass, average $PaO_2$ was $159.8{\pm}60$mmHg, $PaCO_2$ $41.0{\pm}3$mmHg respectively under $SaO_2$ over 96% with systolic arterial pressure of 70 mmHg and CVP of 5-10 cm$H_2O$. Plasma free Hemoglobin was $7.0{\pm}4$ mg/dl with 25% drop of hemoglobin and hematocrit at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass. This KKV Oxygenator was observed to have excellent capabillty of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas transfer with small amount of blood trauma, and the efficiency of heat exchanger was satisfactory during cooling and rewarming of the bubbled blood. Disadvantages have included the somewhat poor deforming effect due to loose PVC fiber mesh, the extracompact character of Teflon filters, and the rough inner surface of the heat exchanger copper pipes.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.754-757
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• 2001

Expression of the vhb gene encoding bacterial hemoglobin (VHb) from Vitreoscilla has been used to improve recombinant cell growth and enhance product formation under microaerobic conditions because of its ability to enhance oxygen use. We coexpressed GFP and VHb in Escherichia coli BL21 and W3110, and compared with GFP control which was not expressed VHb. We used nar oxygen-dependent inducible promoter for VHb expression. The GFP amounts in E. coli expressed VHb was about five fold higher than in the control Fluorescence intensity was increased about two fold.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.626-632
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• 2008

본 연구는 헤모글로빈을 계란의 인지질로 microencapsulation한 hemosome과 PFC 유화액을 제조하여 산소전달 특성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 실험결과 fluosol-DA를 sonication하여 평균입자크기가 437 nm의 안정성 있는 유화액을 제조할 수 있었으며, glycerol의 농도를 증가시킴으로써 유화시간을 줄이고 안정도를 높일 수 있었다. 소 혈액으로부터 추출한 헤모글로빈을 달걀노른자로부터 추출한 인지질로 microencapsulation하여 직경 $0.8{\mu}m$의 hemosome을 얻을 수 있었다. Hemosome의 산소포화도 곡선은 정상혈액의 적혈구와 같이 S자형을 보였으며 $P_{50}$은 24 mmHg이었다. Hemosome과 혈액을 1:4(V/V%)의 혼합한 혼합용액에서의 산소 포화도는 정상혈액과 유사한 결과를 보였으며, PFC 유화액과 혈액을 1:4(V/V%)로 혼합한 혼합용액에도 정상혈액과 유사한 결과를 보였다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.261-278
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• 1997

This experiment was performed in order to study the clinical effects of Gyumsuyukgunjun on the pulmonary injury caused by exposure of cigarette smoke in rats. Therefore, a writer reports on present experimental results having significant effects on the level of oxygen consumption, the lungs volume, the leukocyte, the hemoglobin level, and the $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$ after administration of Gyumsuyukgunjun in order to study the clinical effects of Gyumsuyukgunjun on the pulmonary injury caused by exposure of cigarette smoke in rats. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.005) of increase on the level of oxygen consumption. 2. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.005) of decrease on the lungs volume. 3. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.05) of decrease on the leukocyte counts. 4. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.05) of decrease on the hemoglobin level. 5. In comparison with control group, The group of Gyumsuyukgunjun administration was revealed significant effects(P<0.01) of increase on the $PaO_2$ level only of $PaO_2$, $PaCO_2$ level. It was concluded from the above results that Gyumsuyukgunjun has a significant effects on the pulmonary injury caused by cigarette smoke.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 1980

Extracorporeal circulation by hemodilution technique has been currently used with its clinical safety and good peripheral tissue perfusion in open heart surgery. There is no doubt that $O_{2}$ carrying capacity of the blood is disturbed by decreased hemoglobin level resulting from hemodilution of the circulating blood. From the view point of the blood gas exchange, these experimental studies were undertaken to determined the sate limit of hemodilution in the condition of cardiopulmonary bypass with a constant perfusion flow rate. Twelve adult mongrel dogs weighing 10 to 13 Kg. were anesthetized with pentobarbital and then respiration was controlled with Harvard volume respirator using room air. The cardiopulmonary by pass was performed by use of Sarns heart lung machine (console 5000, 5 head and 2 roller pumps) and Travenol pediatric bubble oxygenator. The perfusion rate during bypass was maintained at a constant rate of 80 ml/min/Kg of body weight. The ratio of oxygen gas flow to blood flow was kept in 3 to 1 constantly. International hemodilution was attained by serial blood withdrawals and immediate infusion of equal volumes of diluants composed of Ringer's lactate, 5% dextrose in water and 25% mannitol solution, proportionally 60%, 30%, and 10%. Arterial and venous blood samples were obtained between 15 and 20 minutes following each hemodilution. Hematocrits and hemoglobin values, $PO_{2}$, $PCO_{2}$ and pH were measured. Oxygen and carbon dioxide contents oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide elimination were calculated groups according to different hematocrit values and the correlations were evaluated. Result were as follows. 1. the arterial $O_{2}$ tension and $O_{2}$ saturation were maintained at the physiological level irrespective of the hematocrit value. 2. The venous $O_{2}$ tension and $O_{2}$ saturation showed a tendency to decline with the decrease in hematocrit value and positive correlation between them (r = +0.49, r = +0.76), The mean values of venous $O_{2}$ tension and $O_{2}$ saturation, however, were not decreased when the hematocrit levels were lower than 20%. 3. The arterial $O_{2}$ content declined lineally in proportion to the fall of hematocrit level with a positive correlation between them (r = +0.95). 4. The venous $O_{2}$ contents were decreased gradually as the hematocrit value decreased with positive correlation between them ( r =+0.89). The trend of diminution of venous $O_{2}$ content, however, was became low according to progressive decrease of hematocrit level. 5. Systemic oxygen consumption was in higher range than $O_{2}$ requirement of basal metabolism when the hematocrit value was above 20%, but abruptly decreased when the hematocrit value became to below 20%. 6. The arterial $CO_{2}$ tension and $CO_{2}$ content showed trend of increasing with progressive decrease of hematocrit value but exhibited a rather broad range and there was no relationship between those value and the hematocrit value. 7. The venous $CO_{2}$ tension and $CO_{2}$ content have also no correlation with change of Ht. value but related directly to those value of arterial blood with positive correlation between them (r = +0.78, r = +0.95_. 8. A-V difference of $CO_{2}$ content and $CO_{2}$ elimination wasnot significantly influenced by Ht. value. From the results, we obtained that feasible limit in inteneional hemodilution is above the hematocrit value of 20% under the given experimental condition.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.485-489
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• 2002

전남 보성군 장도해역의 펄질에 서식하는 꼬막의 환경내성에 대한 연구의 일환으로 수중내 용존산소의 감소에 따라 생존율, 호흡률, 여수율 둥의 생리적 반웅 및 혈액성상의 변화를 조사하였다. 꼬막의 용존산소농도의 감소에 따른 $LC_{50}$은 수온 $10^{\circ}$에서 16일동안 큰개체 1.31 mg DO/L, 작은 개체는 0.95mg DO/L이었으며, 수온 $25^{\circ}C$의 경우에는 각각 1.13와 1.24mg DO/L이었다. 호흡률과 여수율은 용존산소의 감소에 따라 대체로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 혈 액 성분은 Hemoglobin, glucose, total protein, total cholesterol, GOT 및 GPT 등을 분석하였다. 혜모글로빈은 모든 개체에서 수중내 용존산소의 감소에 따라 증가하였으나, 스트레스의 지표로 이용되고 있는 glucose는 수온 $25^{\circ}C$, 용존산소 1.6-1.2mg DO/L에서 일시적 증가를 보였으며, 1.2mg DO/L 이하에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그외 total protein, total cholesterol, GOT 및 GPT 등은 용존산소의 감소에 따라 감소하거나 불규칙한 경향을 나타내었다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제33권A호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2013

The U-healthcare is increasingly important as there is a growing tendency for elderly people to acquire chronic disease such as heart problems and high blood pressure. In this paper, we implemented an oximeter which can interact and communicate with the smart devices such as smartphones through which users can manage their measuring data. The designed pulse oximeter is capable of detecting hemoglobin saturation levels in the range of 70-100% and the heart beat rate(BPM) in the range of 30-240 BPM.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2001

배 경 : 만성호흡부전증 환자에게 산소농축기는 간편하면서도 경제적인 의료장비이나 국내에서는 생산되지 않아 수입한 값 비싼 외국산산소농축기를 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 서강대학교에서 개발한 국산 산소농축기를 임상에 사용하기 전에 성능을 검증하고자, 외국산 산소농축기와 임상시험을 통하여 비교 분석함으로써 국산 산소농축기의 효능 및 안전성을 측정하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 임상시험은 1999년 4월부터 1999년 8월까지 36명의 다한증환자를 대상으로 시행되었다. 동일한 환자에게 국산 산소농축기와 외국산 산소농축기를 nasal prong을 사용하여 60분동안 분당 3리터의 양으로 교대 사용하였다 어떤 기계를 먼저 적용할 것인 지는 무작위배정방법을 이용하였다. 산소농축기 적용전후의 동맥혈 산소압, 동맥혈 COHb, 동맥혈 pH, 동맥혈 이산화탄소압, 맥박수, 혈압, 호흡수 등을 각각 측정하여 그 변화량을 비교 검증하였다. 결 과 : 효능면에서 볼 때 동맥혈 산소압의 변화량은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었고, 안전성면에서도 동맥혈 pH, 동맥혈 이산화탄소압, 맥박수, 혈압, 호흡수, 혈중 COHb 등의 변화 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 결 론 : 현재 개발중인 국산 산소 농축기의 시제품의 성능을 임상시험한 결과 외국산 산소 농축기와 비교하여 동등한 만족스러운 성능을 보였다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2016

본 연구는 중년여성을 대상으로 12주간 서킷 웨이트 트레이닝을 통해 혈중지질 및 산소운반인자의 변화를 알아보는데 있다. 서킷 웨이트 트레이닝 프로그램은 주 3회, 1회 운동 시 준비, 정리운동 포함 50분, 1RM의 50-80%의 강도로 프리 웨이트를 이용한 서킷 웨이트 트레이닝 운동을 실시하였으며, 각 변인별 서킷 웨이트 트레이닝 전 후에 따른 혈중지질과 산소운반에 대하여 반복 측정에 의한 이원변량분석을 실시하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 혈중지질의 결과 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤에서 유의한 감소가 나타났으며 고밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤에서는 유의한 증가가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 산소운반인자의 결과 적혈구, 헤모글로빈 및 헤마토크릿에서 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 실시한 프리 웨이트를 이용한 서킷 웨이트 트레이닝 프로그램이 혈중지질개선과 산소운반능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며 심혈관 질환 예방 및 운동수행능력에 효과적인 운동방법이라고 사료된다.