• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

Measurement of hemoglobin A1c is used as an objective indicator of long-term blood glucose control in diabetic patients. We evaluated recently introduced Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c (Daiichi Pure Chemical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) test reagent using enzyme method for HbA1c assay. Linearity, precision and correlation with VARIANT$^{TM}$ II Turbo HbA1c analyzer (BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA) were evaluated. The reference range was determined from 201 healthy subjects. The Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent was founded to be linear in a range of 5.6% to 14.0% ($r^2=0.9885$). The within-run and between-day precision were 0.954% and 1.03% for low level (HbA1c 5.24%), 0.67% and 1.28% for high level (HbA1c 9.01%), respectively. Comparison study between Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent and VARIANT$^{TM}$ II Turbo showed good correlation with a slope of 1.0489. an intercept at -0.9717, and coefficient of correlation was 0.9907. The reference range of HbA1c obtained from this reagent was 4.07-5.50%. The Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent showed good linearity, precision and correlation with HbA1c analyzer with HPLC method. In addition, the exclusive analyzer is not required for assay and then this kit may be useful for HbA1c assay in clinical laboratory.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.247-252
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• 2019

PURPOSE. To evaluate the effect of periodontal and prosthodontic therapy on glycated hemoglobin A(HbA1c) level in patients with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This is a retrospective study of 70 patients suffering from diabetes who visited the Kyungpook National University Hospital between January 2016 and May 2018. Patients underwent medical evaluation for their routine check-up, which includes laboratory test for HbA1c levels. Among the 70 patients, 35 patients also visited Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital during the same period to receive periodontal and prosthodontic therapy, while the other 35 patients did not receive such therapy. The HbA1c levels were compared before and after periodontal and prosthodontic therapy. Comparisons between groups and within groups were performed using independent t-test. RESULTS. The HbA1c levels in the group who have received periodontal and prosthodontic therapy decreased from 7.2 to 6.7 (P=.001). The HbA1c levels in the control group decreased from 7.2 to 7.1 (P=.580). The difference in changes between the two patient groups was statistically significant (P=.011). CONCLUSION. Periodontal and prosthodontic therapy can be effective on glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2005

We experienced the specimen that contains a hemoglobin variant known as interference from HbAS in October 2003. It was the first case of Hb variants since Samsung Medical Center began conducting glycohemoglobin College of American Pathologists surveys in 1997. The purpose of this study is to share our experience with the specimen and promote the understanding of Hb variants & derivatives. We've performed cross checks to examine HbA1c by using two pieces of equipment; the TOSHOH G7 and BIO-RAD VARIANT-T(turbo), and Automatic High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) as an analytic measurement method. HPLC provides different fractional information of hemoglobin with a two-dimensional graph as well as numeric results. We have been performing a "Systematic Checking Process". Three specimen suspicious of Hb variants & derivatives were found through this process. College of American Pathologists notified that it is important for users to be aware of the limitation of their glycohemoglobin method to avoid reporting incorrect results due to interference from hemoglobin variants or hemoglobin adducts. Therefore, laboratory findings of Hb variants & derivatives are very important. The experience of qualified technicians with professional knowledge in Hb variants is the most important aspect in finding Hb variants. Korea is homogeneous in race and is not in an area with a higher finding rate of Hb variants. While 1,024 cases of Hb variants have been found in Japan, we do not have specific data on how many cases of Hb variants have been found in Korea. Considering Hb variant cases in Japan, which is geographically close to us, it is presumed that there must be various Hb variant cases in Korea. If domestic laboratories set a systemic protocol and build a network to share our experience in Hb variants, I expect the Korean Hb variants could also be listed on the world's Hb variant list.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.305-310
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to classify the concentration of HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin), which is an indicator in the management of accurate blood glucose level in diabetic patients, using a non-invasive optical property measurement method. To measure the optical properties of HbA1c, the optical source uses LEDs and laser diodes of 400 nm in the visible region and 1450 nm in the nearinfrared region using thermopile to detect the Raman scattering intensity. An HbA1c control solution was used. As a result, the optical properties of 5% (normal) and 9% (abnormal) HbA1c control solutions showed specificity in which the output values were reversed at 850 nm and 950 nm, respectively. This property was applied to distinguish between normal and abnormal values in diabetes. In addition, considering tissue penetration depths for non-invasive measurements, two wavelengths were determined to be effective in distinguishing the concentrations of HbA1c control solutions at 5%, 7%, and 9%.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.137-146
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• 2018

This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on glycated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes who develop periodontal disease. The search of the MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases was completed on April 8, 2018. The study design was based on randomized clinical trials. Scaling and root planing was performed for the test group, whereas no periodontal treatment or simple oral training was performed for the control group. The main outcome variable was the change in HbA1c levels. We used the Review Manager statistical analysis software for the quantitative analysis of selected documents. Meta-analysis was performed using the inverse variance estimation method of the fixed-effect model to estimate the effects of periodontal treatment on HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. A total of 1,011 documents were searched using search strategies, and 10 documents were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of the selected literature showed that periodontal treatment significantly reduced the HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes who develop periodontal disease (mean difference, -0.34; 95% confidence interval, -0.43 to -0.26; p<0.001). This study aimed to investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on HbA1c levels, which can be used as a basis for the increasing management of diabetic complications. To improve the quality of life and reduce the burden of medical expenses for patients with diabetes, periodontal disease management through nonsurgical periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planing, is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between HbA1c (Glycosylated Hemoglobin), WHR (Waist hip ratio), WTR (Waist thigh ratio) and compliance in elderly diabetes mellitus patients aged 65 years or over. Method: We conducted a survey and measured HbA1c, WHR, WTR in a total of 180 elderly patients with diabetes from 5 May 2014 to 30 May 2014. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient using the SPSS program. Results: There were no significant differences in diabetes-related characteristics for HbA1c, WHR and WTR. However, patients with a family history had low compliance scores (p=.004). Furthermore, patients who visited the hospital regularly had higher compliance scores than patients who visited hospital when they were sick (p<.001). Patients with diabetic complications had low treatment compliance scores (p=.001). In addition, WHR and WTR (r=0.47, p<.001). and WHR and compliance (r=0.15, p=.045) showed positive correlation. Conclusion: For elderly diabetes mellitus patients, diabetes-related characteristics and compliance were highly related, so it is necessary to improve compliance for managing diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.406-416
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this secondary data analysis study were first to identify the number of Korean adults achieving goals set by the American Diabetes Association for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and secondly to identify the characteristics associated with lack of goals attainment. Methods: The sample was 413 Koreans with diagnosed diabetes aged thirty years or older who participated in the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Goals attainment for HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C were presented in percentages. Logistic regressions were used to examine associations between participants' characteristics and lack of goals attainment. Results: About 48% had HbA1c<7%, 48.2% had BP<130/80mmHg, and 34.1% had LDL-C<100mg/dL. Only 8.7% of the sample achieved all three parameters. In multivariate analysis, younger age, longer diabetes duration, insulin use, and abdominal obesity were associated with not meeting HbAlC goal. Smoking and use of antihypertensive medication were associated with BP${\geq}$130/80 mmHg. No use of lipid lowering agents was associated with LDL-C${\geq}$100 mg/dL. Conclusion: Many Koreans with diabetes were not at goals for HbA1c, BP, and LDL-C. For optimal control, appropriateness of therapy and poor lifestyle habits should be assessed periodically and managed accordingly.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 2018

Recently, there have been many studies on the relationship between the bone metabolism and the mechanism of diabetes. In those studies, it was shown that osteocalcin can be involved in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, this study examined the correlation between osteocalcin and HbA1c. From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016, a total of 714 adults aged 40 years or older ($70.8{\pm}10.4years$, 452 males), in whom both osteocalcin and HbA1c checked in a general hospital in Gwangju, were enrolled in the study. The serum calcium, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and 25-(OH) vitamin D were measured and basic information, such as the height and weight, were recorded. There was a weak negative correlation (r=-0.183, P<0.001) between the osteocalcin and HbA1c levels in diabetic patients but a negative correlation (r=-0.251, P<0.001) when adjusted by all other study variables. The present study showed that there was a negative correlation between the osteocalcin and HbA1c levels in diabetic patients. The relationship between the bone metabolism and the incidence of diabetes mellitus should be studied based on the influence of biological mechanisms and associated factors of bone and glucose metabolism.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.207-218
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• 2016

Background: This study was performed to identify factors associated with the utilization of tests for diabetes complication and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among diabetes patients in Jeollanam-do, Korea. Methods: The study subjects were 2,310 diabetes patients participated in 2014 community health survey in Jeollanam-do, Korea. Dependent variables were the utilizations of fundus examination, microalbuminuria test, and HbA1c test. The used statistical analysis methods were chi-square test and hierarchical regression analysis with weight in consideration of complex sample design. Results: The utilization rates of fundus examination, microalbuminuria test, and HbA1c test were 25.8%, 27.4%, and 12.3%, respectively. In the results of hierarchical regression, fundus examination was significantly related to age, education level in predisposing factors, residential area in enabling factors and recognition of blood sugar, drug therapy, and subjective health status in need factors. Microalbuminuria examination was significantly related to monthly income, residential area in predisposing and health screening, recognition of blood sugar, drug therapy, diabetic education, number of chronic disease, and subjective health status in need factors. HbA1c examination was significantly related to age, education level, marital status in predisposing factors, residential area in enabling factors and drinking, recognition of blood sugar, drug therapy, and diabetic education in need factors. Conclusion: The results of this study were shown that perception of their disease seriousness, education about diabetes management, and accessibility of tests were important to utilization of test for diabetes complication and HbA1c. It might be necessary to the develop and strength strategies for enhancing the utilization of tests for diabetes complication and management in diabetes patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to identify the effect of the experience of diabetes education on knowledge, self-care behavior and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Further, this study was held to examine about patient's preferred methods of education and re-education frequency. Methods: 166 type 2 diabetes patients from two hospitals in Incheon participated in this study. Data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and multiple regression analysis. Results: 72.3% patients needed re-education and the average interval of re-education was 8.53 months. Patients preferred education methods were lectures, practical training, and studying from pamphlet. Depending on the frequency of diabetes education, there were significant differences in the level of diabetes knowledge (F=10.88, p<.001) and self-care behaviors (F=4.59, p=.012), but there was not significant difference with HbA1C (F=1.53, p=.220). As to how much the diabetes education helped managing diabetes, there was a significant difference in the level of self-care behaviors (t=2.01, p=.049), but there were not significant differences in level of knowledge (t=1.10, p=.275) and HbA1C (t=-.33, p=.746). The experience of diabetes education was a significant factor which influenced patient's knowledge (t=3.93, p<.001) and self-care behaviors (t=2.21, p<.001). But HbA1C was not influenced by the experience of diabetes education (t=-1.68, p=.096). Conclusion: It is necessary to provide diabetes education with appropriate interval and methods and subjects that reflect the needs of patient through the study results.