• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.254-259
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• 2009

Purpose: Pelvic trauma is a serious skeletal injury with high mortality. Especially in cases of severe injury trauma, treatment outcomes depend on early diagnosis and intervention. We expect trauma surgeon to play an important role in the management of severe multiple trauma patients. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on pelvic trauma patients with hemodynamic instability between March 2005 and September 2009. We divided the time period into period I (March 2005~Feburary 2009) and period II (March 2009~September 2009). The trauma surgeon and team started to work from period II. Data were collected regarding demographic characteristics, mechanism of injury, type of pelvic fracture, ISS(injury severity score), treatment modality, transfusion requirement, time to definitive treatment, and mortality. Results: During period I, among 7 hemodynamically unstable patients, 4(57.1%) patients died. However during Period II, only one of 6(16.6%) patients died. The demographic data and injury scores showed no differences between the two time periods, but the time to definitive treatment was very short with trauma team intervention(14.4 hrs vs. 3.9 hrs). Also, the amount of transfusion was less(41.1 U vs. 13.9 U). With arterial embolization, early pelvic external fixation led to less transfusion and made patients more stable. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the importance of the trauma surgeon and the trauma team in cases of hemodynamically unstable pelvic trauma. Even with the same facility and resources, an active trauma team approach can increase the survival of severely injured multiple trauma patients.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2009

Purpose: Trauma is an important cause of death in children. In particular, the liver is the second most commonly organ injured by blunt abdominal trauma. Treatment of patients with liver injury is has changed, and non-operative treatment is the major treatment method at present. In this study, we reviewed traumatic liver injury in pediatric patients. Methods: Seventy-seven patients younger than 16 years of age with traumatic liver injury were assessed for 10 years from July 1999 to June 2009 at Wonju Christian hospital. Records of the patients were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed. Results: The median age was 6 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.2 : 1. The most common injury grade was grade I. The majority of injuries were caused by was traffic accidents, and the second most common cause of injuries was falls. Twenty-four patients had liver injuries alone, and the most common accopaning injury was a lung injury. The average hospital stay was 20.7 days, and the average ICU stay was 4.8 days. Four patients died (5.2%). There were 6 patients with under 10 points on the Glasgow coma scale (GCS). Among these patients, three died. All mortality cases had over 16 points on the Injury Severity Score (ISS). Two patients were treated surgically, one of whom died. Of the 75 patients with non-operative management, three died due to associated injuries. Conclusion: Most pediatric patients with liver injury have good results with non-operative management. Associated injuries and hemodynamic instability are predictive of patient outcome, and those with isolated liver injuries can be successfully managed non-operatively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.92-96
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• 1997

구강 생식기의 궤양, 안구와 피부 병변을 특징으로 하는 베체씨 병의 예후는 중추 신경계, 위장관, 혈 관계의 합병증에 의존된다. 심장의 병변 특히 대동맥 판막 폐쇄부전증은 매우 드물고, 일반적으로 혈역 학적 불안정성은 개심술을 통하여 치료된다. 그러나 많은 환자에서 인공 판막의 이탈, 판막 주변 누출. 전도 장애, 가성 동맥류 등의 심각한 합병증이 보고되어 왔다. 이런 합병증을 막기 위하여 많은 노력이 있었으며 그중 하나는 동종 이식편읜 사용이었다. 서울대학교병원 흉부외과에서는 베체씨 대동맥염으로 인해 인조 판막 이탈이 있었던 39세 남자 환자에서 동종 이식편을 이용한 대동맥 근위부 치환술을 시도하여 좋은 결과를 얻었기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the preoperative attributes and clinical impacts of complete pericardiectomy in chronic constrictive pericarditis. Methods: A total of 26 patients were treated from January 2001 to December 2013. The pericardium was resected as widely as possible. When excessive bleeding or hemodynamic instability occurred intraoperatively, a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB; n=3, 11.5%) or an apical suction device (n=8, 30.8%) was used. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who underwent ${\geq}80%$ resection of the pericardium (group A, n=18) and those who underwent <80% resection of the pericardium (group B, n=8). Results: The frequency of CPB use was not significantly different between groups A and B (n=2, 11.1% vs. n=1, 12.5%; p=1.000). However, the apical suction device was more frequently applied in group A than group B (n=8, 30.8% vs. n=0, 0.0%; p=0.031). The postoperative New York Heart Association functional classification improved more in group A (p=0.030). Long-term follow-up echocardiography also showed a lower frequency of unresolved constriction in group A than in group B (n=1, 5.60% vs. n=5, 62.5%; p=0.008). Conclusion: Patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis demonstrated symptomatic improvement through complete pericardiectomy. Aggressive resection of the pericardium may correct constrictive physiology and an apical suction device can facilitate the approach to the posterolateral aspect of the left ventricle and atrioventricular groove area without the aid of CPB.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of intravenous lipid emulsion as well as adverse events in acute poisoning patients. Methods: Literature was accessed through PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of science, and KoreaMed. All forms of literatures relevant to human use of intravenous lipid emulsion for acute poisoning were included. Cases reports or letters without description of clinical outcomes for each case were excluded. The literature search was conducted by two investigators in March, 2015, with publication language restricted to English and Korean. The effect, onset time, and adverse event of lipid emulsion and final outcome of each case were analyzed. Results: Eighty-one published articles were included, excluding articles whose title and abstract were not relevant to this study. No articles were classified as high level of evidence. Sixty-eight case reports were identified, consisting of 25 local anesthetics and 43 other drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants and calcium channel blockers. Although most cases described significant clinical improvements, some of them showed no beneficial effect or worsening of clinical course. Several adverse events including hyperamylasemia and laboratory interference were reported. Conclusion: Although there were many case reports illustrating successful use of lipid for various drug poisonings, the effect cannot be estimated due to significant possibility of publication bias. Therefore, lipids might be considered in severe hemodynamic instability resulting from lipophilic drug poisoning, however further studies should follow to establish the use of lipid as the standard of care.

• 대한응급의학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.616-623
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• 2018

Objective: The shock index (SI), as a trauma triage tool, is a capable clinical indicator of hemodynamic instability and hypovolemic shock, but the conception of SI is contradictory to shock. The reverse shock index (RSI) was introduced recently, but its utility has not been sufficiently proven. Methods: This study examined the RSI utility by evaluating the procedures performed at an emergency department (ED) and the associated outcomes when the RSI is used alone or in combination with the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS). This was a retrospective study conducted by including data of 4,789 adult trauma patients for a year. The clinical variables, procedures performed on patients, and outcomes were investigated. The median RSI was 0.9 in the RSI<1 group. Results: Patients in the RSI<1 group had a higher odds of requiring procedures at the ED and for experiencing worse outcomes: intubation (odds ratio [OR], 5.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-13.1; P<0.001), chest tube insertion (OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 0.4-111.84; P<0.001), use of emergency drugs (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.5-8.5; P<0.001), circulatory support (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.3-12.9; P<0.001), intensive care unit admission (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.8-6.8; P<0.001), and mortality during the ED stay (OR, 20.4; 95% CI, 5.5-75.7; P<0.001). In the group with KTAS 1-3, trends similar to those in the RSI<1 group were observed. Patients with RSI<1 had more severe injuries and poorer outcomes than those with $RSI{\geq}1$, regardless of whether the RSI was used alone or in combination with KTAS. Conclusion: RSI can provide an appropriate triage with concurrent KTAS use.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.206-212
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• 2023

Background: Delayed sternal closure (DSC) is a useful option for patients with intractable bleeding and hemodynamic instability due to prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass and a preoperative bleeding tendency. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) has been widely used for sternal wound problems, but only rarely for DSC, and its efficacy for mediastinal drainage immediately after cardiac surgery has not been well established. Therefore, we evaluated the usefulness of DSC using VAC in adult cardiac surgery. Methods: We analyzed 33 patients who underwent DSC using VAC from January 2017 to July 2022. After packing sterile gauze around the heart surface and great vessels, VAC was applied directly without sternal self-retaining retractors and mediastinal drain tubes. Results: Twenty-one patients (63.6%) underwent emergency surgery for conditions including type A acute aortic dissection (n=13), and 8 patients (24.2%) received postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Intractable bleeding (n=25) was the most common reason for an open sternum. The median duration of open sternum was 2 days (interquartile range [25th-75th pertentiles], 2-3.25 days) and 9 patients underwent VAC application more than once. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 27.3%. Superficial wound problems occurred in 10 patients (30.3%), and there were no deep sternal wound infections. Conclusion: For patients with an open sternum, VAC alone, which is effective for mediastinal drainage and cardiac decompression, had an acceptable superficial wound infection rate and no deep sternal wound infections. In adult cardiac surgery, DSC using VAC may be useful in patients with intractable bleeding or unstable hemodynamics with myocardial edema.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권5호
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• pp.1328-1333
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• 2021

쇼크 갑상샘(shock thyroid)은 CT 저혈압 복합체(CT hypotension complex)의 드문 발현 중 하나이며, 쇼크 상황에서 CT상 갑상샘과 갑상샘 주위에 부종이 관찰될 때 진단 가능하다. 쇼크 갑상샘은 비보상성 쇼크를 시사하는 유용한 CT 징후일 수 있다. 이 상태는 가역적이며 적절한 치료를 통해 빠르게 회복될 수 있다. 저자들은 쇼크 갑상선과 일치하는 CT 소견을 보인 패혈성 쇼크 상태의 84세 여자 환자의 증례를 보고한다. 이와 더불어, 문헌에 보고된 임상 및 영상 소견을 함께 고찰하고자 한다. 본 증례는 쇼크 갑상선이 임박한 혈류역학적 불안정성의 초기 지표가 될 수 있으며, 중요한 예후 및 치료적 함의가 될 수 있음을 강조한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.108-121
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• 2024

Anastomotic leaks and fistulas are significant complications of gastric surgery that potentially lead to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Surgical intervention is reserved for cases with severe symptoms or hemodynamic instability; however, surgery carries a higher risk of complications. With advancements in endoscopic treatment options, endoscopic approaches have emerged as the primary choice for managing these complications. Endoscopic clipping is a traditional method comprising 2 main categories: through-the-scope clips and over-the-scope clips. Through-the-scope clips are user friendly and adaptable to various clinical scenarios, whereas over-the-scope clips can close larger defects. Another promising approach is endoscopic stent insertion, which has shown a high success rate for leak closure, although vigilant monitoring is required to monitor stent migration. Infection control is essential in post-surgical leakage cases, and endoscopic internal drainage provides a relatively safe and noninvasive means to manage fluids, contributing to infection control and wound healing promotion. Endoscopic suturing offers full-thickness wound closure, but requires additional training and endoscopic versatility. As a promising tool, endoscopic vacuum therapy potentially surpasses stent therapy by draining inflammatory materials and closing defects. Furthermore, the use of tissue sealants, such as fibrin glue and cyanoacrylate, has been reported to be effective in selected situations. The choice of endoscopic device should be tailored to individual cases and specific patient conditions, with careful consideration of the nature of the defect. Further extensive studies involving larger patient populations are required to provide more robust evidence on the efficacy of endoscopic approach in managing post-gastric anastomotic leaks.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.736-741
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• 2008

배경: 흉부 외상 환자에 있어서 폐렴은 가장 흔한 감염증이며, 진단 및 치료의 발전에도 불구하고 이환율과 치사율을 높이는 매우 심각한 합병증이다. 본 연구는 흉부 외상 환자 중 인공호흡기 치료를 하였던 환자에서 폐렴의 임상 양상을 분석하고 그 원인 인자를 파악하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 흉부 외상에 의해 인공호흡기 치료를 시행한 78명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환자 중 폐렴이 발생한 38예를 I군으로,폐렴이 발생하지 않은 40예를 II군으로 나누어 비교 분석하였다. 각 군의 병원 도착시 혈역학적 소견 및 이학적 소견, 혈액학적 소견, 외상의 원인, 흉부 외상의 형태 및 그 정도, 동반 외상, 기저 질환, 인공호흡기 이용 기간, 중환자실 입원 기간 그리고 사망률 등을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 대상 환자는 남자 57명, 여자 21명이었으며, 평균 연령은 $48.3{\pm}19.9$세였다. 흉부외상에 의해 인공호흡기 치료를 시행한 환자의 48.7%에서 외상 후 페렴이 발생하였고, 사망률은 I군에서 21.0%, II군에서 2.5%로 II군에서 현저하게 높았다. 내원시 혈역학적 소견 상 수축기 혈압이 90 mmHg 이하의 쇼크 상태로 인해 수축촉진약(inotropics)을 사용한 경우는 I군에서 24예(63.1)로 II군의 10예(25%)보다 유의하게 많았으며(p=0.001), C-Reactive Protein(CRP) 치는 I군에서 $11.3{\pm}7.8$으로 II군의 $6.4{\pm}7.3$에 비해 유의하게 높았다(p=0.006). 인공호흡기 이용기간 및 중환자실 입원 기간은 I군에서 각각 17.4일, 21.7일로 II군의 6.5일, 9.7일에 비해 유의하게 길었다(p<0.001). 결론: 외상 후 폐렴의 발생은 인공호흡기 이용 기간 및 중환자실 입원 기간이 긴 환자에서 많이 발생하였으며 그외 내원시 측정한 CRP 치가 높은 경우, 쇼크 상태로 인해 수축촉진약(inotropics)를 사용한 경우에 많이 발생하였다. 흉부 외상 환자의 치료 시 이런 요인들을 고려한다면 폐렴의 예방 및 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.