• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.115-125
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• 2014

Purpose: Stable vital signs (SVSs) are thought to be the most important criteria for successful non-operative management (NOM) of blunt spleen injury (BSI). However, a consistent definition of SVSs has been lacking. We wanted to evaluate the diversity of the definitions of SVSs by using a nationwide survey. Methods: A questionnaire regarding the definition of SVSs was sent to the trauma surgeons working at the Department of Trauma Surgery and Emergency Medicine at a level-I trauma center between October 2011 and November 2011. Data were compared using analyses of the variance, t-tests, ${\chi}^2$ tests and logistic regressions. Results: Among 201 surgeons, 198 responded (98.2%). Of these 198 responses, 45 were incomplete, so only 153 (76.1%) were analyzed. In defining the SVSs, significant diversity existed on the subjects of type of blood pressure (BP), cut-off value for hypotension, technique for measuring BP, duration of hypotension, whether or not to use the heart rate (HR) as a determinant, cut-off value of hypotension when the patient had a comorbidity or when the patient was a child. Of the 153 surgeons whose responses were analyzed, 91.5% replied that they were confused when defining SVSs. Conclusion: Confusion exists regarding how to define SVSs. Most surveyed surgeons felt that a need existed to clarify both the definition of SVSs and the use of SVSs to determine hemodynamic stability for NOM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1236-1239
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• 2004

The object of this study is to develop a model of the cardiovascular system capable of simulating the short-term transient and steady-state hemodynamic responses such as hypotention and disequilibrium syndrome during hemodialysis or hemofiltration. The model consists of a closed loop 12 lumped-parameter representation of the cardiovascular circulation connected to set-point models of the arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflexes and 3 compartmental body fluid and solute kinetic model. The hemodialysis model includes the dynamics of sodium, urea, and potassium in the intracellular and extracellular pools, fluid balance equations for the intracellular, interstitial, and plasma volumes. We have presented the results of many different simulations performed by changing a few model parameters with respect to their basal values.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2002

Intravenous anesthesia was compared with inhalation anesthesia in 20 patients of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups so that 20 patients were injected ketamine and propofol and 20 patients were administered enflurane. The hemodynamic responses of patients and recovery profile of the two groups were compared. Intravenous anesthesia group awoke significantly faster than inhalation anesthesia after operation. Time to full recovery in intravenous anesthesia group was significantly shorter than that of inhalation anesthesia group. We conclude that intravenous anesthesia is a practical technique for oral and maxillofacial surgery patients and intravenous anesthesia may be more preferable because of the significant shortness of recovery time.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.159-160
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• 2008

We measured hemodynamic responses of seizure in the mouse brain using frequencydomain near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG). We adapted microfabricated optical holder for consistent contact of the optical fiber to the mouse brain. Our results show that the cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics of mice can be stably monitored with EEG in the mouse brain.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.181-186
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• 2018

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of home-based exercise intensity on the aerobic capacity and 1 year re-hospitalization rate in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: Forty seven patients with CHF (males 33, females 14, age $61.3{\pm}9.8years$) participated in this study. The patients were allocated randomly to 3 groups in accordance with home-based exercise intensity: no home based exercise (NHE, 40%, n=19), moderate intensity home-based exercise (MIHE, 43%, n=20), and high intensity home based exercise (HIHE, 17%, n=8). All patients completed the symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) test safely at the cardiac rehabilitation hospital. Results: The NHE group significantly showed lower peak $VO_2$ and a higher $VE/VCO_2$ slope than the MIHE (p<0.05) and HIHE (p<0.01) groups. On the other hand, the NHE group did not show significant differences in the other hemodynamic responses, such as heart rate (HR) max, HR reserve, maximal systolic blood pressure (SBP), and SBP reserve. Nine out of 19 NHE patients (47%) were re-hospitalized related to heart disease and two out of 20 MIHE (10%) patients were re-hospitalized, but nobody in the HIHE group were re-hospitalized within 1 year from the CPX test. Conclusion: In patients with CHF, home-based self-exercise is one of the important factors for reducing the re-hospitalization rate. In addition, improved aerobic capacity is strongly associated with a lower re-hospitalization rate. In particular, re-hospitalized CHF patients showed significant differences in respiratory parameters and hemodynamic parameters compared to the non-re-hospitalized patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.964-972
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• 2000

We report three patients with pulmonary hypertension in Takayasu's arteritis, who showed long-term favorable response, clinically and hemodynamically, to the nitric oxide donor, molsidomine. In these patients, the inhaled nitric oxide was effective in reducing pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) as was shown in the acute vasodilator response test using the invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Molsidomine (single oral dose of 4 mg) was also effective in reducing PAP and PVR in the acute test, but nifedipine was not. With 4 mg of molsidomine three times daily, their dyspnea, exercise capacity and hemodynamic parameters were improved. These favorable responses have lasted during the 1st and 3rd month follow-up in all patients.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2005

The present study examined effects of a water-soluble fraction from mulberry leaves (ML water fraction) on the circulatory and autonomic nervous systems, which were compared with those of acetylcholine (ACh) used as a reference drug in order to elucidate its mechanism of action. Intravenous administration of ACh or a ML water fraction produced temporary depressor and tachycardiac responses in a dose-dependent manner in unrestrained, conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. The systemic hemodynamic effects of ACh and a ML water fraction were almost completely blocked by pretreatment with atropine, a muscarinic antagonist. The depressor responses to ACh and a ML water fraction were slightly enhanced and prolonged by pretreatment with neostigmine, an anticholinesterase, whereas the tachycardiac responses were remarkably blocked by pretreatment with pentolinium, a ganglionic blocking agent. In vitro experiments using the ileum isolated from rats showed that ACh and a ML water fraction increased ileal contractility in a dose-dependent manner. The increases in ileal contractility were also completely abolished in the presence of atropine. Finally, the specific binding of [$^3H$]quinuclidinyl benzilate, a muscarinic antagonist, to rat cortical synaptic membranes was inhibited by a ML water fraction in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC$_{50}$ value of 9.5 mg/ml. The results suggest that the effects of a ML water fraction are mediated through direct stimulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors by unknown cholinomimetic substance(s) contained in that fraction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.320-332
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• 2024

The aims of this study were to compare the differences in hemodynamics between cigarette smoking and using heated tobacco products (HTPs) and to determine the acute effects of using HTPs on cardiac autonomic regulation. Another goal was to examine the acute cardiac autonomic responses when using different tobacco sticks in HTPs. Sixteen healthy male smokers completed an open-label, randomized, crossover trial consisting of non-smoking (NS), cigarette smoking, and the use of two different HTPs (IQOS with HEETS; lil SOLID with Fiit). Sub-trials, which included NS, lil SOLID with Fiit, and lil SOLID with HEET, were performed on eight smokers among the total subjects. Hemodynamic variables, such as systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate variability were measured before, during, and 30 minutes after using each tobacco product. Using HTPs resulted in a significant increase in both SBP and DBP, comparable to smoking cigarettes. Cardiac sympathetic activity significantly increased, and cardiac vagal tone (CVT) significantly decreased after acute exposure to HTP aerosol, similar to the effects of cigarette smoke exposure. Furthermore, differences in the withdrawal of CVT were observed when using different tobacco sticks in the same HTPs. The findings of this study indicate that acute exposure to HTP aerosol increases the hemodynamic burden and disrupts cardiac autonomic balance, similar to exposure to cigarette smoke. Moreover, depending on the type of tobacco stick inserted into the HTP device, acute withdrawal of CVT may have been enhanced.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.381-388
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• 1996

The hemodynamic changes in septic patients produced by inhalational anesthetics are sufficient to threaten the anesthesiologists. The effect of hydroxocobalamin, a vitamin $B_{12a}$, on contractile responses to phenylephrine during administration of inhalational anesthetics were evaluated in aortic ring preparations obtained from LPS-treated rats. The sepsis was developed by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1.5 mg/kg for l8h) and confirmed by iNOS expression using RT-PCR. Statistical significances (P<0.05) were analyzed by Student's t-test or paired t-test according to data characteristics. The blood pressure, but not heart rate, was decreased in LPS-treated rats as compared to control rats. The contractile response to phenylephrine were dose-dependently increased from the doses of $10^{-8}\;M$ to that of $10^{-5}$ and were attenuated in LPS-treated rings. Both halothane and enflurane, at the doses of 1 MAC, decreased the contractile responses to phenylephrine while isoflurane did not significantly affect the contractile responses. Hydroxocobalamin ($10^{-5}$ M) significantly potentiated the contractile responses in the LPS-treated aortic ring preparations during administration of each inhalational anesthetic or not. From these results, it is suggested that hydroxocobalamin may improve the hemodynamics of septic patients during inhalational anesthesia. Abbreviations: LPS, lipopolysaccharide; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; MAC, minimum alveolar concentration; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1105-1113
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• 1997

Background : Prone position improves oxygenation in some patients with ARDS. According to some authors, prone position can also improve the deteriorated hemodynamics induced by PEEP. But these respiratory and hemodynamic effects of prone position has not yet been fully established. Methods : Twentythree consequtive patients with ARDS(M : F= 11 : 12, $62.1{\pm}20.8yrs$) were the subjects for this study. ABGA, static compliance of the respiratory system, mean arterial pressure and pulse rate were obtained in supine position and at 5min, 0.5h and 2h of prone position. Positive respiratory response was defined as 20mmHg or more increase in $PaO_2/FIO_2$ within 2h of prone position. Early of late respiratory responses were defined if the positive response was observed within of after 3 day of ARDS onset, respectively. Positive hemodynamic response was defined as 10mmHg or more increase in mean arterial pressure at 5min of prone position. Results : Fifteen patients (65%) showed positive respiratory response. In the respiratory responders, $PaO_2$ was $69.8{\pm}17.6mmHg$ in supine position, $83.2{\pm}22.6mmHg$ in prone position 0.5h, $96.8{\pm}22.7mmHg$ in prone position 2h(p<0.001), and $PaO_2/FIO_2$ was $108{\pm}41mmHg$, $137{\pm}57mmHg$, $158{\pm}50mmHg$, respectively(p=0.001). Age, sex, cause of ARDS, supine $PaO_2$ and $PaO_2/FIO_2$ were not different between the respiratory responders and the nonresponders. The respiratory responders, however, showed higher mean arterial pressure than the nonresponders($91.1{\pm}13.1mmHg$ vs. $76.0{\pm}18.7mmHg$, p=0.035), and tendency of higher survival rate(9/15 vs. 2/8, p=0.074). Static compliance of the respiratory system was decreased in prone position 0.5h($28.4{\pm}7.9ml/cm$ $H_2O$ vs. $23.8{\pm}7.6ml/cm$ $H_2O$, p=0.007). The overall rate of early response(n=23) and late response(n=11) were similar(14/23 vs. 7/11, p>0.05). But patient without early response showed late response only in 25%(1/4), while patient with early response showed late response in 85.7%(6/7)(p=0.072). Five patients(22%) showed positive hemodynamic response, two of them being respiratory nonresponders. There were no differences in the baseline mean arterial pressure or the level of PEEP applied in supine between the hemodynamic responders and the hemodynamic nonresponders. Conclusions : Prone position either improved oxygenation or increased arterial pressure in significant proportion of patients with ARDS. And the respiratory response to prone position was thought to be determined in the early stage of ARDS.