• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.304-307
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• 2017

A 19-year-old male patient presented with facial hemi-atrophy with unilateral spasms of the masseter and temporalis muscles. Ultrasound therapy and Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation therapy, known as combination therapy, were given on alternate days for 2 weeks. At the end of 2 weeks of combination therapy the patient reported a drastic reduction in the number of episodes of muscle spasm. The visual analog scale score for tenderness of the masseter and temporalis was also markedly reduced. No one has previously used combination therapy for the treatment of facial hemi-atrophy with hemi-facial spasms. The encouraging results of the combination therapy has prompted us to document this study.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 1997

Hemifacial spasm is a distressing condition characterized by involuntary, intermittent, unilateral twitching of, all or parts, of the muscles innervated by facial nerve. This ailment is most common among middle-aged women. Neither causative agent nor reliable treatment has been established because etiology of idiopathic hemifacial spasm has remained undefined to date. This report describes two cases of hemifacial spasm treatment by injection of Botulinum toxin. An injection of Botulinum toxin provided relief of hemi facial spasm. Botulinum toxin therapy is an effective and convenient treatment of hemifacialspasm.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is research on facial palsy sequelae and evaluating scale that have studied insufficiently until now. Methods : We researched on the symptoms, epidemiology and evaluating scale of facial palsy sequelae. For this, we searched the research papers on facial palsy sequelae and the clinical papers that find out the effect of treatment by evaluating facial palsy sequelae. Results : The symptoms of facial palsy sequelae are synkinesis, contracture, spasm, crocodile tears syndrome, tearing decrease, gustation impairment, hearing impairment, tinnitus, hyperacusis, etc. Among these, synkinesis, contracture, spasm and crocodile tears syndrome are the most frequently observed broadly. The poor prognosis factor of facial palsy can be the risk factor of facial palsy sequelae. For example, severe degeneration of facial nerve can be the risk factor of facial palsy sequelae. Most of clinical papers on facial palsy sequelae have used NRS(numeric rating scale) as evaluating scale. But NRS is very subjective scale. The scales of Stennert, Peitersen, Murata et al. can evaluate facial palsy sequelae grossly. Sunnybrook scale, Sydney scale, SAQ(synkinesis assessment questionnaire), the scale of Kim, the scale of Scott, HFS-7(hemi facial spasm), HFS-36 and Schirmer's test can evaluate the respective symptoms of facial palsy sequelae. Conclusions : The symptoms of facial palsy sequelae are synkinesis, contracture, spasm, crocodile tears syndrome, etc. Most of clinical papers on facial palsy sequelae have used NRS as evaluating scale. There were some scales that can evaluate facial palsy sequelae grossly and respectively. In future, we will need more progressed study of facial palsy sequelae and evaluating scale.