• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2014

Bone marrow is a hematological and immunological organ that provides multiple immune cells, including B lymphocytes, and thus plays a critical role in the efficacy of vaccine. We previously demonstrated that Bordetella (B.) bronchiseptica antigen has high immunogenicity in spleen cells, a peripheral immune organ. In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of B. bronchiseptica antigen in bone marrow cells, a central immune organ. B. bronchiseptica antigen increased the cellular activity of bone marrow cells and significantly enhanced the production of nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$. Bone marrow cells primed with B. bronchiseptica antigen in vivo were harvested and stimulated with the same antigen in vitro. The stimulation of B. bronchiseptica antigen significantly increased the cellular activity and proliferation rate of the primed cells. B. bronchiseptica antigen also greatly induced the production of antigen-specific antibody in the primed cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that B. bronchiseptica antigen can stimulate bone marrow cells, a central immune organ, and recall the immune response of the primed bone marrow cells.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of vibration on primary (e.g. plasma cortisol), secondary (e.g. plasma glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), $Na^+$, $K^+$ and $Cl^-$) and tertiary (e.g. mortality) stress responses in cultured catfish, Silurus asotus. For this purpose, three groups (one control group and two stress groups) were set up. The control group was exposed to vibration corresponding to 48 decibel (dB) volt (V) (produced using electric vibrators) for 15 minutes per hour every day, and the two stress groups were exposed to vibrations corresponding to 58 and 68 dB (V) (produced using the same electric vibrators), equally, for 15 minutes per hour every day. Blood was sampled at day 0 (before starting vibration stress tests), and at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 (after starting vibration stress tests). According to the results, the catfish physiologically showed ''typical'' stress responses when they were exposed to chronic vibration. This indicates that such chronic vibration caused substantial stress to catfish; especially, persistently elevated plasma AST and ALT levels observed caused adverse effects to them. In conclusion, chronic vibration could significantly affect hematological characteristics in catfish.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2011

The Dexamethasone (DEX) loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared by thermal denaturation and chemical cross-linking method using a dierent concentration of glutaraldehyde as chemical cross-linking agent. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for the percentage of Drug Loading (DL), Encapsulation Efficiency (EE) and surface morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). DL and EE were found to be maximum range of 10.0 to 10.79 % and 58.19 to 64.73 % respectively. The SEM Photographs of the resultant microspheres exhibited fairly smooth surfaces and predominantly spherical in appearance. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) shown that there was no interaction between the drug and polymer. In vitro and in vivo release studies revealed that the release of dexamethasone was sustained and extended up to 63 days and effectively controlled by the extent of cross-linking agent. Non-clinical parameters such as paw volume, hematological parameters like Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Paced Cell Volume (PCV), Total Leucocytes Count (TLC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Differential Cell Count (DCC) were investigated in Fruend's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritic rats. Radiology and histopathological studies were also performed in order to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the DEX-loaded microspheres in extenuating the rat arthritic model.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.973-978
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• 2016

Background: Between October 2012 and February 2015, 25 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) (mean age, $57.0{\pm}12.1years$) were granted access to aflibercept via the Aflibercept Named Patient Program at four centers. Materials and Methods: Here we reported the initial experience of aflibercept / FOLFIRI in combination. We evaluated treatment-related adverse events (AEs), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The majority of the patients experienced gastrointestinal toxicity (grade 1-2), with diarrhea (52%), mucositis (52%), and nausea/vomiting (20%) being largely observed. Neutropenia (16%) and febrile neutropenia (8%) were common grade 3-4 hematological events. Aflibercept-related toxicity was managed as per practice guidelines. No grade 5 event was reported. Median PFS was 6.12 months (95% CI, 4.80-7.20) and OS was 12 months (95% CI, 9.80-14.18). The partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) rates were 25% (95% CI: 23.4-27.0), 37.5% (95% CI: 31.6-43.3), and 37.5% (95% CI: 22.5-52.5), respectively. Conclusions: Aflibercept/FOLFIRI can be administered safely in a second line setting to Malaysian patients with mCRC, as the AEs experienced were generally reversible and manageable. The safety and efficacy outcomes were consistent with those observed in Western populations.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.354-363
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the repeated dose toxicity of DA-9601, an antiulcer agent of Artemisia app. extract, in rats. DA-9601 was administered orally once a day for 4 weeks to 10 males and 10 females per group at doses of 0(vehicle control), 125, 500 or 2000 mg/kg/day. Throughout the study, no treatment-related deaths and clinical signs were observed. In female rats receiving 125 mg/kg of DA-9601, water consumption increased slightly on day 4, 11 and 25. Hematological examination showed a decrease of MCV and an increase of PLT in male rats at the doses of 500 and 2000 mg/kg groups. Blood biochemistry revealed slight decreases of cholesterol, BUN and Na in male rats and decreases of total bilirubin and creatinine and slight increases of globulin and Cl in female rats. The organ weights at the end of 4 weeks showed slight changes in some organs of treated groups. But, all these changes were not considered to be of toxicological importance, because they did not show dose-response relationship and relevance to gross and microscopic findings. Histopathologically, abnormal treatment-related changes were not observed in any organ and target organs were not detected. On the basis of these results, the NOAEL(no-observed-adverse-effect level) of DA-9601 was estimated to be more than 2000 mg/kg/day under the conditions tested.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.234-239
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• 1997

Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95 is one of the polyacidic solution of which main component is acetic acid. We investigated the subchronic toxicity of the Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95 using SPF ICR mouse for 4 weeks. The Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95 was administered by gastric intubation, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 g/kg body weight. The results are as follows: 1. There are no adverse effects on the clinical obserbation and body weight changes. Also, there are some significant changes in organ weight, but it was meaningless because of the absence of dose-response relationships. 2. In the hematological patterns of administered mouse, there are no significant changes between the treated groups. Also, there are no serological enzymatic changes in the treated mouse. In the 1.0 g/kg treated group, ASP activity was increased significnatly compared with control group. But, this level of activity was fall under the normal physiological range of control mouse. 3. Histopathological findings of the brain, liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, stomach, lung, testis, ovary, uterus and thymus were not observed in the treated mouse. From the above results, the Guh Sung Y.L.S.-95 has no toxicity upto the 5.0 g/kg/day of oral dose for 4 weeks.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate repeated-dose toxicities of CONP01 in Sprague-Dawley rats. CONP01, a new antiarthritic agent was administered orally to rats at dose levels of 0, 125, 500 and 2,000 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. In present study, there were no dose response changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food and water consumption, ophthalmoscopy, organ weights, urine analysis, hematological findings, and biochemical examination of all animals treated with CONP01. Gross and histopathological findings revealed no evidence of specific toxicity related to CONP01. These result suggest that no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of CONP01 may be over 2,000 mg/kg in rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2004

Paecilomyces sinclairii was administered ad libitum feeding at percentage levels of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 percentage (calculated about 8 g/kg)/feeder for a period of 3 months. There was no observed clinical signs or deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Therefore, the approximate lethal dose of P. sinclairii was considered to be higher than 8 g/kg in rats. Mild decreases in body weight gain were observed dose-dependently in P. sinclairii treated groups in dose response manner after 2 weeks. Interestingly, the weight of abdominal adipose tissues surrounding epididymides were greatly reduced by this Dongchunghacho, in parallel with the mild increase in body weight gain. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. There were not significantly different from the control group in urinalysis, ocular examination, hematological, serum biochemical value and histopathological examination. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of P. sinclairii is less than 1.25% (1 g/kg) in rats in the present study.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.305-308
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• 1996

The acute toxicity of rHu-EPO, newly developed recombinant erythropoietin, was tested in beagle dogs. rHu-EPO, when administered intravenously at 25, 000 IU/kg, did not cause any death. Also, rHu-EPO did not induce any change of body weight, food intake and clinical signs compared to controls. There were no significant changes in hematological, urine analysis and pathological examination. These results showed that rHu-EPO did not induce any remarkable toxic response and the $LD_50$ was greater than 25, 000 IU/kg in beagle dogs.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this review is to overview the studies of acupuncture treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease. Methods: In order to investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease, we searched relevant studies in Pubmed, Cochrane, Oasis, Korean studies Information Service System up to March 2019. After searching studies, we analyzed selected studies. Results: Five studies were included in this review. There were 1 randomized controlled studies and 4 before and after studies. The outcome measurement of pelvic inflammatory disease was divided into effective rate, physical examination, response, hematological parameter, pain. The acupuncture treatment was effective in improving pelvic inflammatory disease. Conclusions: This study shows that acupuncture treatment is one of effective treatment methods for pelvic inflammatory disease. Further large randomized placebo controlled trials will be needed.