• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2024

Flavobacterium is a genus within the phylum Bacteroidota that remains relatively unexplored. Recent analyses of plant microbiota have identified the phylum Bacteroidota as a major bacterial group in the plant rhizosphere. While Flavobacterium species within the phylum Bacteroidota have been recognized as pathogens in the aquatic habitats, microbiome analysis and the characterization of novel Flavobacterium species have indicated the great diversity and potential of their presence in various environments. Many Flavobacterium species have positively contribute to plant health and development, including growth promotion, disease control, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Despite the well-described beneficial interactions of the Flavobacterium species with plants, the molecular mechanisms and bacterial determinants underlying these interactions remain unclear. To broaden our understanding of the genus Flavobacterium's role in plant health, we review the recent studies focusing on their ecological niche, functional roles, and determinants in plant-beneficial interactions. Additionally, this review discusses putative mechanisms explaining the interactions between plants and Flavobacterium. We have also introduced the importance of future research on Flavobacterium spp. and its potential applications in agriculture.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.11.1-11.26
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• 2022

When epithelial cells are exposed to potentially threatening external stimuli such as allergens, bacteria, viruses, and helminths, they instantly produce "alarmin" cytokines, namely, IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP. These alarmins alert the immune system about these threats, thereby mobilizing host immune defense mechanisms. Specifically, the alarmins strongly stimulate type-2 immune cells, including eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, type-2 helper T cells, and type-2 innate lymphoid cells. Given that the alarm-raising role of IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP was first detected in allergic and infectious diseases, most studies on alarmins focus on their role in these diseases. However, recent studies suggest that alarmins also have a broad range of effector functions in other pathological conditions, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Therefore, this review provides an update on the epithelium-derived cytokines in both allergic and non-allergic diseases. We also review the progress of clinical trials on biological agents that target the alarmins and discuss the therapeutic potential of these agents in non-allergic diseases.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2024

Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host's immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2014

최근 센서 기술의 발달로 인하여 체내삽입장치를 부착한 환자가 언제, 어디서나 의료 서비스를 받을 수 있는 환경으로 변화하고 있다. 그러나, 체내삽입장치를 부착한 환자의 생체정보가 병원관계자(의사, 간호사, 약사 등)에게 전달할 때, 환자의 정보가 제 3자에게 쉽게 노출되어 악용될 수 있는 문제점이 발생되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 제3자가 환자로 위장하여 병원관계자로부터 환자 정보를 쉽게 획득할 수 없도록 유헬스케어 서비스 센터로부터 환자의 위임장을 병원관계자가 전달받는 위임장 기반의 서명 인증 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안 프로토콜은 환자의 민감한 정보를 제 3자에게 노출시키지 않도록 환자의 민감한 정보를 유헬스케어 서비스 센터와 환자가 생성한 랜덤수로 해쉬한 서명키로 환자의 민감한 정보를 암호화한다. 또한 제 3자로부터 환자 정보가 불법적으로 악용되는 것을 예방하기 위해서 환자와 병원관계자 사이의 동기화를 유지함으로써 환자의 생체 정보 유출을 예방할 수 있다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.780-790
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• 2009

The study analyzed the characteristic of school uniform, focusing on Ewha Woman's University of Seoul, reflected present trend as well as characteristic and symbol of school and developed uniform design for advertising Ewha Woman's University. The purpose of this study is to propose uniform that can be discriminated from that of other university and increase advertisement effect with mental superiority and pride in university by trying uniform design development, which can provide school and student with satisfaction, and reflecting present trend as well as characteristic and symbol of school. The study is meaningful because it can be basic materials for various uniform designs, connecting function, symbol and trend to uniform development. The uniform for school advertisement was manufactured in a way to reflect characteristic and image of school, escape from fixed idea preferring traditional design in the past and reflect trend. It is expected that the uniform created with symbolic image of school will give high advertisement effect and improve school image by providing student with sense of coherence and discriminated feeling in various events and the meeting with other school students. Moreover, the student wearing the uniform with splendid design will feel mental superiority and have pride in school at the same time. In conclusion, the uniform reflecting trend is proper for the uniform of advertisement helper representing school as long as it can reflect characteristic and image of school. It will be also helpful for developing wider design and more splendid uniform because the study can create the motive to apply trend to other uniform that does not adopt trend.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

The aim of the study is to characterize the phenotypes of $CD4^+$ $CD25^+$ T regulatory cells within the liver granulomas and association with both Foxp-3 gene expression and splenic cytokines. Naive C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with multiple doses of the soluble egg antigen (SEA) 7 days before cercarial infection. The immunized and infected control groups were sacrificed 8 and 16 weeks post-infection (PI). Histopathology, parasitological parameters, splenic phenotypes for T regulatory cells, the FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granuloma using real-time PCR, and the associated splenic cytokines were studied. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed remarkable increase in degenerated ova within hepatic granuloma which decreased in diameter at weeks 8 and 16 PI ($P$<0.01). The percentage of T regulatory cells ($CD4^+$ $CD25^+$) increased significantly ($P$<0.01) in the immunized group compared to the infected control at weeks 8 and 16 PI. The FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granulomas increased from 10 at week 8 to 30 fold at week 16 PI in the infected control group. However, its expression in the immunized group showed an increase from 30 at week 8 to 70 fold at week 16 PI. The splenic cytokine levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, and TNF-${\alpha}$, showed significant decreases ($P$<0.05) compared to the infected control group. In conclusion, the magnitude and phenotype of the egg-induced effects on T helper responses were found to be controlled by a parallel response within the T regulatory population which provides protection in worm parasite-induced immunopathology.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1691-1695
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• 2005

The bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3 gene encodes cell surface glycoproteins that initiate immune responses by presenting processed antigenic peptides to CD4 T helper cells. DRB3 is the most polymorphic bovine MHC class II gene which encodes the peptide-binding groove. Since different alleles favour the binding of different peptides, DRB3 has been extensively evaluated as a candidate marker for associations with various bovine diseases and immunological traits. For that reason, the genetic diversity of the bovine class II DRB3 locus was investigated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). This study describes genetic variability in the BoLA-DRB3 in Iranian Golpayegani Cattle. Iranian Golpayegani Cows (n = 50) were genotyped for bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA)-DRB3.2 allele by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Bovine DNA was isolated from aliquots of whole blood. A two-step polymerase chain reaction followed by digestion with restriction endonucleases RsaI, HaeIII and BstYI was conducted on the DNA from Iranian Golpayegani Cattle. In the Iranian Golpayegani herd studied, we identified 19 alleles.DRB3.2${\times}$16 had the highest allelic frequency (14%), followed by DRB3.2${\times}$7 (11%). Six alleles (DRB3.2${\times}$25, ${\times}$24, ${\times}$22, ${\times}$20, ${\times}$15, ${\times}$3) had frequencies = 2%. Although additional studies are required to confirm the present findings, our results indicate that exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene is highly polymorphic in Iranian Golpayegani Cattle.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.94-101
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• 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. It is known that not only the property of microorganism but also the genetic susceptibility of infected patients is controlled. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a cytokine belonging to type 1 T helper (Th1) activity. In addition, IL-2, when infected with MTB, binds IL-2 receptor and promotes T cell replication and is involved in granuloma formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of the IL-2 receptor gene in tuberculosis patients and normal individuals. We analyzed 22 SNPs in three genes using the genotype data of 443 tuberculosis cases and 3,228 healthy controls from the Korea Association Resource for their correlation with tuberculosis case. IL2RA, IL2RB, and IL2RG genes were genotyped of 16, 4, and 2 SNPs, respectively. Among three genes, only IL2RA gene polymorphisms showed statistically significant association with tuberculosis case. 6 SNPs with high significance were identified in the IL2RA gene. In addition, the linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure of IL2RA gene was confirmed. SNP imputation of IL2RA gene was performed, it was confirmed that more SNPs were significant between case and control. If we look at the results of IL2RA gene analysis above, we can see that genetic polymorphism in the gene expressing $IL-2R{\alpha}$ will regulate the expression level of $IL-2R{\alpha}$, and the change in the immune system involved in $IL-2R{\alpha}$. In this study, genetic polymorphism that may affect host immunity suggests that susceptibility to tuberculosis may be controlled.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2016

스마트 케어 감시 시스템은 사용자로부터 제공받은 GPS 위치 정보를 이용하여 사용자 주변의 CCTV 카메라를 검색하고 촬영 가능한 가장 가까운 CCTV 카메라를 이용하여 사용자를 자동으로 추적하는 시스템이다. 이 시스템은 사용자가 위험한 상황에 있거나, 또는 사용자가 보호를 받고자 할 때 자신의 GPS 위치 정보를 스마트 기기를 이용하여 전달하기 때문에 구조자의 빠른 대응을 기대할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 시스템은 사용자가 위치 정보를 전송할 때 마다 관리하고 있는 전체 CCTV 카메라를 검색하여 사용자의 촬영을 수행하기 때문에 관리 영역이 확장될수록 CCTV 카메라의 선택 시간이 급격히 증가하였다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 추적에 이용되었던 CCTV 카메라의 인접 카메라만 검색하는 방법을 이용하여 사용자 추적을 위한 CCTV 카메라의 선택 시간을 단축시키기 위한 방법을 제안한다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2002

A helper T(Th)1-mediated response is known to enhance cell -mediated immunity, while a Th2-mediated response is associated with the humoral immunity that if elevated IgE levels and eosinophilia. Prostaglandin (PG)E$_2$results in the decreased capability of Iymphocytes to produce Thl cytokines, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been reported to impair the blastogenesis and response of T Iymphocytes. CPF also induces delayed febrile effects, which results from the activation of COX -PGE$_2$pathway. The purpose of this study is to determine the effort of CPF on the in vitro production of Th cytokines and the role of PGE$_2$on the CPF-induced production of Th cytokines. Splenocytes obtained from male BALB/c mice were pretreated with CPF(0.1, 1, 10 and 100$\mu$M) in the presence of absence of indomethacin or PGE$_2$for 12 h and then were incubated with concanavalin (Con) A for 48 h. These results showed that CPF remarkedly reduced the production of splenic interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ in a dose-dependent manner. CPF significantly increased the splenic IL-4 production at low doses (0.1 and 1$\mu$M) but did not affect at high doses (10 and 100 $\mu$M). Indomethacin reduced the CPF-decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ in a dose -dependent manner and significantly attenuated the production of IL-4 increased by CPF 0.1 $\mu$M. High dose of CPF significantly reduced the PGE$_2$-decreased production of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while the PGE$_2$- induced production of IL-4 was significantly enhanced by CPF 1 $\mu$M. These findings suggest that CPF nay down-regulate the immune response of Th 1 type by the suppressed production of IL-2 and IFN-γ, with a shift toward a Th2 cytokine response. The CPF-decreased production of Thl cytokines may not be mediated by endogenous PGE$_2$. Also, CPF may attenuate the exogenous PGE$_2$-decreased Th 1 immune response in a dose--dependent manner but may affect dose-independently the PGE$_2$-induced Th2 immune response.