• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1004-1014
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• 1995

Effect of age and dietary fatty acid composition on immune responses were investigated in Sprague-Dawley male rets. The animals weighing 88.6$\pm$2.2g were fed 10% dietary fat (W/W, 20% of calorie) with P/S ratio of 0.5, 1 and 2, and in each group, there were three different levels of n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio; 2, 4 and 8(3$\times$3). The experimental periods were 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. The results of this study were; 1) Weights of thymus and spleen were significantly reduced with increasing age, moreover thymus weights were reduced with increasing the degree of unsaturation in dietarty fatty acid at 12 month. 2) The proportion of splenic lymphocyte in the total T-cell was increased with increased with age. The proportion of helper T-cell was not changed, while the proportion of suppressor T-cell was decreased. Thus at 12 month, the ratio of helpe $r^pressor T-cell was appeared to increase significantly, and showed the tendency to increase by consuming the low amount of dieraty n-3 fatty acid. 3) Proliferation stimulated by Con A or PWM reduced significantly at 12 month in which are high in dietary P/S ratio, representing the similar pattern with decrease in thymus weight. 4) Natural killer cell activities were shown significantly higher at 1 month than those at 6 month or 12 month.th.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.533-538
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effect of Pycnogenol (Pyc) on survival and immune dysfunction of C57BL/6 mice induced by low micronutrient supplementation. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57/BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing 7.5% of the recommended amount of micronutrients for a period of 12 wks (immunological assay) and 18 wks (survival test). For immunological assay, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine regulation, and hepatic oxidative status were determined. RESLUTS: Pyc supplementation with 50 and $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}bw{\cdot}d^{-1}$ resulted in partial extension of the median survival time. Pyc supplementation led to increased T and B cell response against mitogens and recovery of an abnormal shift of cytokine pattern designated by the decreased secretion of Th1 cytokine and increased secretion of Th2 cytokine. Hepatic vitamin E level was significantly decreased by micronutrient deficiency, in accordance with increased hepatic lipid peroxidation level. However, Pyc supplementation resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of hepatic lipid peroxidation, which may result from restoration of hepatic vitamin E level. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study suggest that Pyc supplementation ameliorates premature death by restoring immune dysfunction, such as increasing lymphocyte proliferation and regulation of cytokine release from helper T cells, which may result from the antioxidative ability of Pyc.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2015

광대는 주로 우스꽝스러운 모습과 바보 같은 행동으로 사람들을 웃게 만드는 역할을 한다. "리어왕"에 등장하는 바보 광대 또한 특유의 익살과 해학으로 우리에게 즐거움을 주고 있다. 하지만, 그는 진정한 바보가 아니다. 그는 현명함을 지니고 있고 사람들의 마음을 꿰뚫어보는 직관력을 가지고 있으며, 언제나 현실을 직시한다. 그는 미래를 예측하고, 옳지 않은 것에 대해 비판하며, 또한 상처 받은 마음을 치유하는 역할을 한다. 그는 항상 리어왕의 옆을 지키며, 리어왕이 그 자신의 어리석음을 깨닫도록 도움을 준다. 모든 고통과 두려움에서 벗어난 리어왕은 광대의 도움으로 자신의 감정이 순화되고 치유되는 과정을 겪게 된다. 이러한 면에서 "리어왕"에 등장하는 바보광대는 리어왕의 현명한 조력자이자 치유자인 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.921-930
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• 2010

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is the most common rheumatic childhood disease; its onset is before 16 years of age and it persists for at least 6 weeks. JRA encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases that is classified according to 3 major presentations: oligoarthritis, polyarthritis, and systemic onset diseases. These presentations may originate from the same or different causes that involve interaction with specific immunogenetic predispositions, and result in heterogeneous clinical manifestations. An arthritic joint exhibits cardinal signs of joint inflammation, such as swelling, pain, heat, and loss of function; any joint can be arthritic, but large joints are more frequently affected. Extra-articular manifestations include high fever, skin rash, serositis, and uveitis. The first 2 types of JRA are regarded as T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated inflammatory disorders, mainly based on the abundance of activated Th1 cells in the inflamed synovium and the pathogenetic role of proinflammatory cytokines that are mainly produced by Th1 cell-stimulated monocytes. In contrast, the pathogenesis of systemic onset disease differs from that of other types of JRA in several respects, including the lack of association with human leukocyte antigen type and the absence of autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells. Although the precise mechanism that leads to JRA remains unclear, proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be responsible for at least part of the clinical symptoms in all JRA types. The effectiveness of biologic therapy in blocking the action of these cytokines in JRA patients provides strong evidence that they play a fundamental role in JRA inflammation.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1994

Pseudomonas fluorescens produces the antibiotic, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl), which promotes plant growth by inhibiting bacteria and fungi. Cosmids (genomic library) were mobilized into Phl-nonproducing mutants through the triparental matings with pRK2013 as the helper plasmid at the frequency of 8.37$\times$10-4. Complemented mutants that showed antibiotic activity were selected among about 2,000 transconjugants. The complemented mutants were confirmed by acquired drug resistances (kanamycin and tetracycline). The antibiotic substances of wild type and complemented mutants showed the most excellent anti-bacterial activity. Inhibitory effects of complemented P. fluorescens against phytopathogenic fungi were equal to the parental strain. Complemented mutant and wild type of P. fluorescens were causal microbes of fungal morphological abnormalities. Complemented mutants in potato dextrose agar supplemented with bromothymol blue also showed restoration of glucose utilization as wild type. Plasmids of complemented mutants were isolated from transconjugant sand transformed into competent cells of E. coli DH5$\alpha$. The plamid DNA was reisolated from transformed E. coli DH5$\alpha$.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.53-54
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• 2007

It is predicted that Japan will be in super-aged society at 2010. Recently elderly house buildings with self-supporting life and personal care senior house types have supplied over the area. So Elderly house buildings in Japan were studied for characters of room arrangement, through documents and internet from Jan. 2007 to Apr. 2007. Five cases built since 2000 were examined. There were self-supporting life house type, personal care senior house type, convenient facilities, etc. There were not lots of facilities in the building. Generally multi-purpose dining room and general bath room, lots for car and bicycle or restaurant or kindergarten or home helper station or green food shop or day service or moving service or clinic were there. These facilities were shared with local community. The reason of not being many facilities in the building was that the houses were located at urban with good transportation and convenient facilities. The residents in the building were get the utmost of regional facilities and the local people did the facilities in it because scare facilities in the building and fluent facilities in region. So strong community was composed of the residents and local people, on the contrary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.781-786
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation on radical scavenger activity and immune responses in female judo athletes(n=18). The age and sex matched sedentary students were used as controls(n=15). The initial plasma vitamin E concentration, lipid peroxide level and radical scavenger activity (RSA) were not different between two groups. The supplementation of $\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate(400IU/d) for 4 weeks significantly increased plasma vitamin E concentration of the subjects in both groups. In addition, the decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)(p<0.05) and enhancement of RSA(p<0.05) were observed in both groups. Percentages of total T-cells in the athletic group was lower than that in the control group(p<0.05). However, the ratio of CD4 / CD8(helper T-cal $l^pressor T-cell) was higher in the sports group, due to more decrease in CD8 subset than in CD4 subset. The concentrations of IgG and IgM in the sports group were significantly lower than those in the control group(p<0.05). Therefore, severe training of the athletic group seems to be associated with the changes of supplementation. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation (400IU/d, 4 weeks) of the female university students improved antioxidative activities of the blood, by decreasing lipid peroxide and enhancing radical scavenger activity. Percentages of T lymphocytes and IgG and IgM concentrations in the athletic group were lower than those in the control group. Meanwhile, vitamin E supplementation had no effects on immune status in both groups.ps.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.80-92
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• 2007

For the pervasive computing in ubiquitous environment, it is very important to manage the context model to provide pertinent context knowledge to context-aware applications. The context model should be able to support efficiently the context knowledge reusing and sharing as well as reasoning. Previous works focus mainly on the context knowledge representation scheme for reasoning. This paper proposes a context knowledge modeling scheme especially for reusing and sharing. This scheme provides well-established principles and guides for 1) context knowledge modularization and hierarchization, and for 2) context knowledge identification and organization. Once the context models are built according to the scheme, the structure of the context model and the meanings of the context knowledge elements become clear and consistent, so that context-aware applications can share and reuse the context knowledge in easy and error-reduced manner. This paper also discusses the implementation of a context model and an application for Presentation Helper scenario running on a software middleware system (CAMUS) for ubiquitous service robots which is being developed by ETRI Korea.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate whether asian yellow sand dust (AS) has promoting effects of allergen-related airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, because the number of patient with allergic asthma and atopy, and with chronic bronchial inflammation and pneumonia have increased steadily in the cities of Korea. The appearance of AS collected was all round and flat, and the diameter was mostly below about 5 ${\mu}m$. When mice were treated with AS suspension by intratracheal instillation combined with ovalalbumin(OVA) sensitization chronically, the level of serum L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), IgE and histamine, and respiratory resistance was increased. Intratracheal instillation of AS and OVA also enhanced infiltration of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), IgE and eotaxin expression, and T helper type 2 cell derived cytokines of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and IL-5 as major contributors to allergy and asthma. These results indicate that AS elevates allergen-related airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice and may play an important role in the aggravation of respiratory diseases in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1279-1287
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• 2012

We established an efficient transformation method for thermophile Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 using conjugative transfer from Escherichia coli of host-mimicking plasmids that imitate DNA methylation of strain HTA426 to circumvent its DNA restriction barriers. Two conjugative plasmids, pSTE33T and pUCG18T, capable of shuttling between E. coli and Geobacillus spp., were constructed. The plasmids were first introduced into E. coli BR408, which expressed one inherent DNA methylase gene (dam) and two heterologous methylase genes from strain HTA426 (GK1380-GK1381 and GK0343-GK0344). The plasmids were then directly transferred from E. coli cells to strain HTA426 by conjugative transfer using pUB307 or pRK2013 as a helper plasmid. pUCG18T was introduced very efficiently (transfer efficiency, $10^{-5}-10^{-3}\;recipient^{-1}$). pSTE33T showed lower efficiency ($10^{-7}-10^{-6}\;recipient^{-1}$) but had a high copy number and high segregational stability. Methylase genes in the donor substantially affected the transfer efficiency, demonstrating that the host-mimicking strategy contributes to efficient transformation. The transformation method, along with the two distinguishing plasmids, increases the potential of G. kaustophilus HTA426 as a thermophilic host to be used in various applications and as a model for biological studies of this genus. Our results also demonstrate that conjugative transfer is a promising approach for introducing exogenous DNA into thermophiles.