• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2018

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin-7-like cytokine that is an important trigger and initiator of many allergic diseases. TSLP promotes a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine response that can be pathological. A relationship is formed both at the induction phase of the Th2 response through polarization of dendritic cells to drive Th2 cell differentiation and at the effector phase of the response, by promoting the expansion of activated T cells and their secretion of Th2 cytokines and TSLP. In transgenic mice with TSLP overexpression, it has been reported that TSLP leads to the development of mixed cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. In addition, TSLP can play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and systemic lupus erythematosus-related nephritis. From our knowledge of the role of TSLP in the kidney, further studies including the discovery of new therapies need to be considered based on the relationship between TSLP and glomerulonephritis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 2005

지난 5년간 Th1/Th2 기전을 보다 자세히 이해할 수 있는 면역연구분야로서 조절 T세포와 수지상세포에 관련된 연구가 많아졌다. 이중 내재면역과 적응면역의 고리 역할을 하는 수지상세포는 다양한 방법을 통해서 Th1/Th2 면역반응을 유도한다. 이에는 수지상 세포 자체의 성질(DC1;Th1/DC2;Th2)과 TLR 수용체 종류(TLR9;Th1/TLR2;Th2) 등에 따라 결정된다. 앞으로 항원제시방법, 세포내 신호전달방법과 더불어 태내부터 감작되는 알레르겐이 내재면역계에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가에 대한 폭넓은 연구가 필요한 상태이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.597-610
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• 2011

데이터베이스 응용 프로그램 개발에서 데이터는 메모리 공간과 디스크 공간에 공존한다. 메모리 공간의 데이터를 조작하기 위하여 일반 프로그래밍 언어를 사용하고 디스크 공간의 데이터 조작을 위하여 SQL을 사용한다. 특히 메모리 데이터를 조작하기 위해 사용되는 절차적 언어는 SQL등의 선언적 언어보다 작성 및 유지보수가 어렵다. 이에 본 논문은 특수한 형태 즉, 트리 구조의 메모리 데이터는 선언적 언어인 SQL로 조작이 가능함을 보인다. 특히 UI (user interface)의 모델 데이터는 트리 구조로 표현 될 수 있기 때문에 예외적인 계산을 제외하고는 대부분의 메모리 데이터 조작은 SQL로 가능하다. 예외적인 계산은 도움 클래스 (helper class)로 처리하면 된다. 본 논문이 제시하는 SQL 메모리 데이터 조작은 예외적인 계산이 적은 데이터베이스 응용 프로그램 개발에 특히 적합하다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2008

The number of patient with allergic asthma and atopy have increased in the cities of Korea steadily. In order to elucidate the primary factor, we investigated whether the house dust particles collected from an apartment of the middle classes has promoting effects of allergen-related airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Mice were treated with 0.1 mL of 1 mg/mL of house dust particles suspension by intratracheal instillation once weekly for 10 weeks combined with ovalalbumin (OVA) sensitization. Intratracheal instillation of house dust particles and OVA sensitization caused an increase in the level of serum L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), immunoglobulun-E (IgE) and histamine, and an elevation in respiratory resistance. It also enhanced infiltration of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice, IgE and eotaxin expression in blood, and T helper type 2 cell derived cytokine levels such as of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and IL-5 in the BALF. However, it did not influence T helper type 1 cytokine such as interferon-gamma in the BALF. These results indicate that house dust particles elevate allergen-related airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice and may play an important role in the aggravation of asthma and atopy in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2009

Steroid hormones have long been known to have a profound influence on the immune system. Although the functions of the nuclear receptors in the development of T cells are fairly well studied, the differential expression of these receptors in T helper cells is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the differential expression of nuclear receptors and coregulators in Th1 and Th2 cells by genome-wide micro array analysis. The result showed that several nuclear receptors and coregulators are differentially expressed in these cells. The result was confirmed by RT-PCR. The result showed that $RXR{\alpha}$ is highly expressed in Th2 cells. Overexpression of $RXR{\alpha}$ in a Jurkat human T cell line induced IL4 but not IFN-${\gamma}$ gene expression, suggesting that $RXR{\alpha}$ plays a selective role in Th1 and Th2 differentiation. In summary, these results suggest that Th1/Th2 differentiation is influenced by differential regulation of nuclear receptors and coregulators.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2012

Acute viral encephalitis caused by neurotrophic viruses, such as mosquito-borne flaviviruses, is an emerging and re-emerging disease that represents an immense global health problem. Considerable progression has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis, but the immune-pathological processes occurring during the progression of encephalitis and the roles played by various molecules and cellular components of the innate and adaptive systems still remain undefined. Recent findings reveal the significant contribution of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and regulatory $CD4^+$ T cells in the outcomes of infectious diseases caused by neurotrophic viruses. In this review, we discuss the ample evidence focused on the roles of TLRs and $CD4^+$ helper T cell subsets on the progression of acute viral encephalitis. Finally, we draw attention to the importance of these molecules and cellular components in defining the pathogenesis of acute viral encephalitis, thereby providing new therapeutic avenues for this disease.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2007

As the aging of this society, instead of growing numbers old protective functions of families decreased according to increasing tendency of nuclear families, increasing rates of females' participation of economic activities. Now, the problem of supporting the old is in need of social supporting system the cope with this situation. Thus it needs that welfare service for the elderly who stay at home that have local basis. The results are based on these factors are like this: 1) It is necessarily the instruction of medical welfare service. 2) The overlapped service is avoided and the service of specialized. 3) Most of the welfare service institution is Seoul and local city hall, so it needs the institution is transferred. 4) It needs the increase the number of home helper. 5) When the service is offered, the government must considers finance, elderly health condition and preference. 6) It needs the department for the welfare service for the old who stay at home.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.343-356
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• 2020

This paper examines the associations of having a helper for domestic work or childcare and time spent on it by couples in South Korea. We use five waves of panel survey data from the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF), which allows longitudinal changes within couples over time that account for potential selection effects and unobserved heterogeneity among individuals. With fixed effects, we find outsourcing is associated with a decrease in wife's time spent on domestic work or childcare by 1 hour per week. However, the decrease is concentrated on the unemployed wife's time, but not employed wife's time. In addition, outsourcing is not a significant factor for husband's time and the husband's share of total contribution. This may be because wives are the main provider of domestic work and childcare in Korea regardless of employment status or having any helper. Due to unequal contributions between husband and wife, using outsourcing also neither alleviates the employed wife's contribution nor changes the husband's contribution. However, the results may be underestimated because there are more common and diverse types of outsourcing in a broad sense, such as going out for dinner, buying prepared food, and using dry cleaning services. We expect future studies to consider more broad types of outsourcing and examine how relations with the couple's time use at home are different by type.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1998

Recombinant polioviruses have been developed by many research groups for use as vaccine vector because poliovirus induces mucosal immunity as well as humoral immunity through oral uptake. We assessed the potential use of poliovirus as a T-cell epitope carrier. Recombinant poliovirus V129 5L was constructed to have a substituted T-helper epitope from the core protein of Hepatitis B virus at neutralization antigenic site 1 on its VP1 capsid protein. The recombinant virus replicated less efficiently than type 1 poliovirus Mahoney strain. The V129 5L formed a little smaller plaques than the Mahoney strain and showed some 1.25 log unit lower titer at the peak in the one-step growth kinetics though it had similar growth profile to that of the Mahoney strain. Since V129 5L recombinant virus was genetically stable even after 24 successive passages in HeLa cells, the antigenic site 1 on VP1 capsid protein was confirmed for its ability of carrying T cell epitope. The genetic stability of V129 5L also indicated that recombinant poliovirus can be successfully utilized for the development of the multivalent vaccines.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

Previously, we reported that vitamin C facilitates the CpG demethylation of Foxp3 enhancer in $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ regulatory T cells (Tregs) by enhancing the activity of a DNA demethylase ten-eleven-translocation (Tet). However, it is not clear whether vitamin C affects other helper T cell lineages like T helper type 17 (Th17) cells which are related with Tregs. Here, we show that the expression of interleukin-17A (IL17) increases with the treatment of vitamin C but not with other antioxidants. Interestingly, the upregulation of IL17 was not accompanied by DNA demethylation in Il17 promoter and was independent of Tet enzymes. Rather, vitamin C reduced the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3) in the regulatory elements of the Il17 locus, and the effects of vitamin C were abrogated by knockdown of jumonji-C domain-containing protein 2 (jmjd2). These results suggest that vitamin C can affect the expression of IL17 by modulating the histone demethylase activity.