• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.327-339
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• 2009

It is known that Korean pregnant women take iron supplements at a higher than the recommended level. This study was designed to provide data on current iron intake levels both from food sources and supplement to better guide iron supplement use during pregnancy. We also explored associations of iron supplement intake levels with various sociocultural factors and pregnancy outcomes. Dietary intakes of 510 pregnant women were assessed by a validated 102-item food frequency questionnaire, and information on types and amounts of nutritional supplement intakes were also attained. While dietary intake levels of most nutrients exceeded the KDRIs (Korea Dietary Reference Intakes: EAR: Estimated Average Requirements), folate fell short of the KDRIs. A total of 428 women (83.9%) reported to take iron supplement. The pregnant women were divided into the three groups (group I: Fe supplement intake ${\le}$ EAR, group II: EAR < Fe supplement intake ${\le}$ 3 times of EAR, group III: 3 times of EAR < Fe supplement intake). The mean dietary intake of iron was 24% of the total iron intake for pregnant women. Iron intake from food was not significantly different among I, II, and III. In case of iron intake from supplements, the most frequent dose (34.1%) was 90-100 mg/day, and the mean iron supplement intake was 362% of the EAR. The study findings showed that those with higher levels of iron supplements had better meal quality measured by NAR (Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and INQ (Index of Nutrient Quality). In addition iron supplement intake levels were significantly related to age (20s: 66.5 ${\pm}$ 38.6 mg/day, 30s: 77.3 ${\pm}$ 47.8 mg/day, p < 0.0116) and experience of childbirth (1st pregnancy: 70.9 ${\pm}$ 41.2 mg/day, 2nd pregnancy: 64.5 ${\pm}$ 39.5 mg/day, ${\ge}$ 3rd pregnancy: 94.4 ${\pm}$ 63.8 mg/day, p < 0.005). However, no significant difference was found between iron supplement intake levels and various pregnancy outcomes including birth weight, birth height, gestational age, weight gain during pregnancy, and jaundice. It is worrisome that iron intake by supplement use greatly exceeded the EAR, suggesting the need of appropriate guidelines for iron supplement intake during pregnancy. Thus iron overdose from supplements in pregnancy should be considered as a serious condition.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.503-507
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 UWB(ultra wideband) 무선통신 응용을 위해 3GHz의 광대역 무지향성 마이크로스트립 패치 배열 안테나를 구현하였다. $7.2{\sim}10.2GHz$의 광대역의 밴드를 만족시키기 위해 다중공진 안테나가 설계되었고, 각 공진주파수는 600MHz의 간격을 가지고 7.5, 8.1, 8.7, 9.3, 그리고 9.9GHz의 5개 중심주파수로 분리하였고 광대역 특성을 위해, 각 중심주파수에서 U-slot 안테나가 각각 설계되었다. 설계된 5개의 U-slot 안테나는 3GHz의 대역폭의 다중공진을 위해 병렬로 연결되었고, 임피던스 정합 과정은 7.5GHz 패치안테나와 8.1GHz 패치안테나의 중심주파수인 7.8GHz를 적용하여 전송 선로를 구한 후 같은 방법으로 전송 선로 임피던스 정합을 하여 광대역 매칭 회로가 되도록 설계하였다. 안테나 제작에 이용된 PCB 기판의 비유전율, 기판높이, 손실은 각각 ${\epsilon}_r= 4.8,\;h=0.6$ 그리고 손살탄젠트는 0.0009였다. 제작된 안테나의 방사패턴과 이득은 5개의 중심주파수에서 $1.46{\sim}4.08dBi$의 이득을 나타내었다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activity in the lower extremity during walking wearing jogging and roller shoes. Twelve male middle school students (age: 15.0 yrs, height 173.7 cm, weight 587.7 N) who have no known musculoskeletal disorders were recruited as the subjects. Seven pairs of surface electrodes (QEMG8, Laxtha Korea, gain = 1,000, input impedance >$1012{\Omega}$, CMMR >100 dB) were attached to the right-hand side of the body to monitor the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial (GM) and lateral gastrocnemius (GL) while subjects walked wearing roller and jogging shoes in random order at a speed of 1.1 m/s. An event sync unit with a bright LED light was used to synchronize the video and EMG recordings. EMG data were filtered using a 10 Hz to 350 Hz Butterworth band-passdigital filter and further normalized to the respective maximum voluntary isometric contraction EMG levels. For each trial being analyzed, five critical instants and four phases were identified from the recording. Averaged IEMG and peak IEMG were determined for each trial. For each dependent variable, paired t-test was performed to test if significant difference existed between shoe conditions (p<.05). The VM, TA, BF, and GM activities during the initial double limb stance and the initial single limb stance reduced significantly when going from jogging shoe to roller shoe condition. The decrease in EMG levels in those muscles indicated that the subjects locked the ankle and knee joints in an awkward fashion to compensate for the imbalance. Muscle activity in the GM for the roller shoe condition was significantly greater than the corresponding value for the jogging shoe condition during the terminal double limb stance and the terminal single limb stance. Because the subjects tried to keep their upper body weight in front of the hip to prevent falling backward, the GM activity for the roller shoe condition increased. It seems that there are differences in muscle activity between roller shoe and jogging shoe conditions. The differences in EMG pattern may be caused primarily by the altered position of ankle, knee, and center of mass throughout the walking cycle. Future studies should examine joint kinematics during walking with roller shoes.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2019

본 연구는 잣송이 추출물의 급여가 세미브로일러의 생산성, 소화기관 특성 및 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 2주령 세미브로일러 20수를 급여 사료에 따라 4처리구(n=5/처리구; 대조구(-)[항생제 및 잣송이 추출물 무급여구], 대조구(+)[2% 항생제 급여구: 20 g/kg 기초사료], 2% 잣송이 ethanol 추출물 급여구[20 g/kg 기초사료] 및 2% 잣송이 ethanol-hexane 추출물 급여구[20 g/kg 기초사료])로 나누어 16일간 공시하였다. 종료 체중, 증체량 및 사료섭취량은 잣송이 ethanol 및 ethanol-hexane 추출물 급여구가 가장 낮았으나(P<0.05), 사료요구율은 잣송이 추출물 급여구들이 대조구(-)보다 낮았다(P<0.05). 근위 및 소장 무게는 잣송이 추출물 급여구들이 대조구(-)보다 낮았다(P<0.05). 소장 및 융모의 길이는 대조구와 잣송이 추출물 급여구들간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 장내 미생물 균총은 잣송이 추출물의 급여에 의해 개선되지 않았다. 따라서 잣송이 추출물의 급여는 세미브로일러의 사료요구율을 향상시켰으며, 소화기관의 무게에 영향을 미쳤다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

이 논문은 2-채널 WiBro(Wireless Broadband Internet) 대역 MIMO(Multi Input Multi Output) 안테나와 휴대 단말기용 PCS(Personal Communication Service) 안테나의 격리도 특성 향상에 대해서 나타내었다. 각 채널간의 격리도를 향상시키기 위해, 3mm 높이의 공기층을 가진 제안된 PCS 안테나는 2-채널 WiBro 대역 MIMO 안테나의 형 그라운드(25${\times}$12 mm)의 매우 좁은 공간(0.19 ${\lambda}$)사이에 위치한다. 제안된 PCS 안테나의 구조는 단락 스트립 선로$(6{\times}4mm)$를 가지는 스파이럴 형태의 변형된 PIFA(Planar Inverted F Antenna)이다. 3차원 구조를 갖는 제안된 PIFA와 WiBro 대역 MIMO 안테나 사이의 계산된 격리도는 -20 dB 이하이며, 측정치와 잘 일치하였다. 제안된 안테나의 측정된 반사 손실, 대역폭, 이득은 각각 1.8GHz에서 -20dB, -10dB 이하에서 110 MHz(1.76${\sim}$1.87 GHz), 0.05 dBi의 특성을 보였다. 또한, 제안된 PCS용 안테나가 기존의 2-채널 WiBro 대역 MIMO 안테나의 성능과 특성에 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.971-978
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn grain for sugar cane molasses (MO) or glucose syrup (GS) in the starter concentrate on performance and metabolism of dairy calves. Thirty-six individually housed Holstein male calves were blocked according to weight and date of birth and assigned to one of the starter feed treatments, during an 8 week study: i) starter containing 65% corn with no MO or GS (0MO); ii) starter containing 60% corn and 5% MO (5MO); iii) starter containing 55% corn and 10% MO (10MO); and iv) starter containing 60% corn and 5% GS (5GS). Animals received 4 L of milk replacer daily (20 crude protein, 16 ether extract, 12.5% solids), divided in two meals (0700 and 1700 h). Starter and water were provided ad libitum. Starter intake and fecal score were monitored daily until animals were eight weeks old. Body weight and measurements (withers height, hip width and heart girth) were measured weekly before the morning feeding. From the second week of age, blood samples were collected weekly, 2 h after the morning feeding, for glucose, ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and lactate determination. Ruminal fluid was collected at 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age using an oro-ruminal probe and a suction pump for determination of pH and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). At the end of the eighth week, animals were harvested to evaluate development of the proximal digestive tract. The composition of the starter did not affect (p>0.05) concentrate intake, weight gain, fecal score, blood parameters, and rumen development. However, treatment 5MO showed higher (p<0.05) total concentration of SCFAs, acetate and propionate than 0MO, and these treatments did not differ from 10MO and 5GS (p>0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that the replacement of corn by 5% or 10% sugar cane molasses or 5% GS on starter concentrate did not impact performance, however it has some positive effects on rumen fermentation which may be beneficial for calves with a developing rumen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.827-839
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• 2015

A total of 144 weaned crossed pigs were used in a 42-d trial to explore the effects of different concentrations/combinations of benzoic acid and thymol on growth performance and gut characteristics in weaned pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments: i) control (C), basal diet, ii) C+1,000 mg/kg benzoic acid+100 mg/kg thymol (BT1), iii) C+1,000 mg/kg benzoic acid+200 mg/kg thymol (BT2) and, iv) C+2,000 mg/kg benzoic acid+100 mg/kg thymol (BT3). Relative to the control, pigs fed diet BT3 had lower diarrhoea score during the overall period (p<0.10) and improved feed to gain ratio between days 1 to 14 (p<0.05), which was accompanied by improved apparent total tract digestibility of ether extract, Ca and crude ash (p<0.05), and larger lipase, lactase and sucrose activities in the jejunum (p<0.05) at d 14 and d 42. Similarly, relative to the control, pigs fed diet BT3 had higher counts for Lactobacillus spp in digesta of ileum at d 14 (p<0.05), and pigs fed diets BT1, BT2, or BT3 also had higher counts of Bacillus spp in digesta of caecum at d 14 (p<0.05), and lower concentration of ammonia nitrogen in digesta of caecum at d 14 and d 42 (p<0.05). Finally, pigs fed diet BT3 had higher concentration of butyric acid in digesta of caecum at d 42 (p<0.05), and a larger villus height:crypt depth ratio in jejunum and ileum at d 14 (p<0.05) than pigs fed the control diet. In conclusion, piglets fed diet supplementation with different concentrations/combinations of benzoic acid and thymol could improve feed efficiency and diarrhoea, and improve gut microfloral composition. The combination of 2,000 mg/kg benzoic acid+100 mg/kg thymol produced better effects than other treatments in most measurements.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.159-170
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution and exposure prevalence of total carbohydrate intake and the carbohydrate-based foods such as rice, noodles, sweet potatoes, sweet drinks, milk and fruits and to characterize intake patterns among obese Korean adults. Methods: Subjects included 137,363 adults aged 40 years or older who participated in a Health Examinees (HEXA) Study. Multiple regression analysis of data from Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) identified food sources of carbohydrates. Weight, height and waist circumstance (WC) were measured, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Obesity was defined as $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ and abdominal obesity as $WC{\geq}90cm$ and ${\geq}85cm$ for males and females, respectively. Results: Obese adults appeared to have a higher total carbohydrate intake in the univariate analysis but had eaten less after adjustment for general and lifestyle factors, compared to normal weight adults (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.82 for general obesity; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.74-0.85, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001, respectively). Based on advance analysis for the food sources of carbohydrates, obese subjects had lower intake of rice (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.68 -1.09 for general obesity; OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.67-1.13, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001, respectively) and higher intake of noodles (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.16-1.27 for general obesity; OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19-1.32, for abdominal obesity; P trend < 0.0001 respectively). With regard to other food sources of carbohydrates such as milk and fruits, intake was lower among obese compared to normal weight subjects. Conclusions: In the Korean middle-aged and older obesity groups, the intake of carbohydrates and the related foods was lower than in normal weight subjects, except for noodles. We conclude that a higher intake of noodles may enhance weight-gain. Therefore, this study suggested that the guidelines should consider the types of carbohydrate sources and the amount consumed from foods in order to provide proper guidance with regard to control and prevent obesity among Korean adults.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1275-1284
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• 2018

Objective: A 28-d trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets with different energy and lipase levels on performance, nutrient digestibility, serum profiles, gut health, and carcass quality in broilers. Methods: A total of 720 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers ($45.4{\pm}0.5g$) were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: i) RET, reduced energy treatment (metabolizable energy = 2,950 and 3,100 kcal/kg for starter and finisher diet), ii) BDT, basal diet treatment (metabolizable energy = 3,050 and 3,200 kcal/kg for starter and finisher diet, iii) RET015, RET+0.15 g/kg lipase, and iv) RET03, RET+0.3 g/kg lipase. There were 10 replications (cages) per treatment with 18 birds per cage. Results: During d 1 to 14, broilers fed BDT, RET015, and RET03 diets had higher (p<0.05) body weight gain than those fed RET diet. During d 1 to 14, 15 to 28 and the overall experiment, feed conversion ratio in RET03 treatment was lower (p<0.05) compared with RET treatment. On d 14, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), and gross energy in RET03 treatment was higher (p<0.05) than those in RET treatment, while the ATTD of N was increased (p<0.05) by RET03 treatment. On d 28, broilers fed RET03 diet had higher (p<0.05) ATTD of DM than those fed RET and RET015 diets, while the ATTD of EE in BDT and RET03 treatments was increased (p<0.05) compared with RET and RET015 treatments. Broilers fed RET03 diet had higher villus height (VH) and VH:crypt depth (CD) ratio than those fed RET and BDT diets. The activity of pancreatic lipase in BDT and RET03 treatments was higher (p<0.05) than that in RET treatment. Conclusion: Taken together, lipase supplementation (3,000 U/kg feed) increased growth performance, nutrient digestibility, VH, VH:CD ratio and lipase activity, but decreased triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the abdominal fat percentage in broilers fed reduced energy diet.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2021

Objectives : 'Johyun' yulmoo which is a new variety of Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen Stapf sprout was developed and registered by Rural development administration in 2004. This variety was derived from the cross between single cross of Suwon-6 and Okayama and UCN300-25 as F1. It is characterized by early maturity, short plant height, a strong resistance, and a superior yield and is suitable for the central and northern regions. Accordingly, we were performed and evaluated single oral dose toxicity test of 'Johyun' yulmoo sprout (JYS) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods : Single oral dose toxicity test was performed using with male and female rats. Rats were divided into two groups: Group 1, vehicle-treated rats (Control); Group 2, JYS 5000 mg/kg-treated rats. JYS was orally administered to male and female rats at dose levels of 5000 mg/kg. Animals were monitored on the mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, and necropsy findings for 14 days. groups : Group 1, vehicle-treated rats (Control); Group 2, JYS 5000 mg/kg-treated rats. JYS was orally administered to male and female rats at dose levels of 5000 mg/kg. Animals were monitored on the mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, and necropsy findings for 14 days. Results : After oral treatment of JYS, we could not find any mortality at 5000 mg/kg. Compared with the control group, there were also no significant differences in clinical sign, weight changes, weight gain, and gross abnormalities in JYS 5000 mg/kg-treated group. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that approximate lethal dose of JYS was considered as over 5000 mg/kg. Results from this study provide scientific evidence for the safety of JYS. Moreover, this study could be used as a basis for dose-setting data of the repeated dose 13-week oral toxicity test of JYS.