• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1997

In investigating heavy metal contents at specific areas, the method of selecting sampling points is Important A general method is, according to the law , random sampling of zigzag-form in the selected field. In this work, we studied whether the measured values obtained from a certain method of selecting sampling points is a representative of heavy metal contents in the selected field or not. The selected field for this study is located on the lower Yangsan-river: Gasan-li, Mulgum-myon, Yangsan-gun, KyoungNam, 1 km away from the mi, h stream of Nakdong river. The heavy metals investigated were Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The inductively coupled plasma(ICPI atomic emission spectrometer was used to measure these metals quantitatively. The number of total sampling points were 24. We compared the total mean values with the mean obtained from various methods of selecting sampling points.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.626-634
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 강원도내 4개의 폐금속광산에서 발생되는 광미와 주변 토양의 중금속 오염현황 및 오염도를 평가하였다. 광미와 주변 토양의 오염정도는 총 중금속농도 기준으로 원동>제2연화>신예미${\fallingdotseq}$상동 순이었으며, 이들 광미는 배경토양 및 Kloke 값보다 각각 $1.2{\sim}78.2$와 $1.1{\sim}80.6$배가 높은 농도로서 주변 토양을 오염시키고 있었다. 광미내 대다수 중금속의 화합물형태는 잔류성이 대부분이었다. 비잔류형태 화합물에서는 상당부분이 환원성과 산화성이어서 장기간에 걸쳐 산화환경조건에 따라 중금속이 유출될 것으로 보이며 특히, 제2연화의 Cd은 교환성과 탄산염 화합물이 쉽게 유출되어 단기간에 주변 환경을 오염시킬 가능성이 클 것으로 판단된다. 우리나라 토양오염기준치의 초과여부 검토결과 많은 시료에서 토양환경보전법의 우려기준 및 대책기준 이상인 것으로 나타나 이에 대한 처리대책이 필요하였다. PI에 의한 오염도평가에서는 4개의 광산지역 모두 1.0 이상보다 훨씬 높아 오염정도가 심각하였으며 복원시 최우선 광산은 원동이었다. 또한, DI에 의한 복원수준정도 평가결과에서 원동광산은 단기간에 유출 가능한 교환성부터, 나머지 광산은 중 장기간에 걸쳐 유출되는 환원성부터 우선적으로 제거해야 할 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.519-527
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• 1996

To examine the possibility of biomonitoring of heavy metal removal ability and soil, a study was performed to investigate the heavy metal removal ability and metal-binding protein (MBP) as detoxification process using Oenanthe stolonifera. After O. stolonifera was exposed to individuals (cadmium, zinc) and mixture (cadmium+zinc)for 4 days, removal rate of heavy metal and pH in the treatment medium was measured. MBP was assayed by means of ion exchange column chromatography. The exposure to mixture (Cd:76.8%, Zn:75%) rather than individuals (Cd:82.9%, Zn:90.4%) showed a synergism raising the toxic effect. Initial removal rate was different for each heavy metal : in case of exposure to cadmium it was over 60% on day 1, while for zinc it was 75~90% on day 4. Throughout the experimental period, pH value of treatment medium continuously decreased, since cortex in the roots may secret organic acid to adjust and prevent toxicity of metals. The existence or MBP in the 70~80 fraction and the presence of Zn-enzyme pool was ascertained with the column chromatography. This study demonstrated a possibility that heavy utilized as a biomarker of heavy metal pollution.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1025-1029
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• 2005

공단지역에서 아황산가스의 오염농도와 공간분포를 조사하기 위해 토지이용 유형별로 약 500 m 격자망을 구성하여 76개의 지점에 패시브샘플러를 설치하여 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 아황산가스를 비롯한 대기오염물질이 공업단지, 주거지 및 녹지지역의 토양에 미치는 오염영향을 파악하기 위해 120개 지점에서 토양시료를 채취하여 토성과 중금속 농도를 분석하였다. 분석결과 아황산가스 농도와 Cu 및 Pb와의 상관도는 0.05 및 0.04로 낮게 도출되었으나, 공업지역만을 대상으로 분석하였을 경우 상관도는 0.17 및 0.08로서 각각 3.3배와 2배 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 위 연구결과는 대기오염농도의 공간분포 및 토양오염과의 상관성을 파악할 수 있도록 공업지역, 주거지역 및 녹지지역으로 구분하여 도면에 표시하였으며, 연구결과는 인간, 동 식물이 장기간 오염환경에 노출정도와 대기위생 및 공중보건 위험성평가를 위한 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 2010

Mangroves are special plant communities that live along intertidal zones in tropical and subtropical areas. They are regarded as one of the most important types of natural ecosystem in the world because of the many ecosystem functions that they perform, of which water purification is the most complex. Mangrove ecosystems are conducive to the deposition and retention of heavy metals. So it is important to understand the impact of heavy metals on mangrove ecosystems, and especially on soil subsystems. We examined the levels of heavy metals in the soil of mangroves in the Dongzhaigang Mangrove National Nature Reserve. Dongzhaigang, the first mangrove nature reserve established in China, is located south of Haikou in Hainan Island and encompasses $33.37\;km^2$, of which mangroves comprise $20.56\;km^2$. To assess the impact of human activities, we collected a large number of soil samples in four sampling areas (the protection station, the harbor, a tour area, and Yeboluo island) in the study area. We measured the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd in the soil samples using the spectra of polyatomic molecules. The average concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were $5.04\;{\mu}g/g$, $10.36\;{\mu}g/g$, $20.06\;{\mu}g/g$ and $0.06\;{\mu}g/g$, respectively, and the heavy metal concentrations were lowest in the protected area, highest in the harbor, and intermediate in Yeboluo Island and the tour area. The heavy metal concentrations in the soil collected from different sample plots are related not only to the physical and chemical properties of the soil, but also to the heavy metal emitted by nearby pollution sources. Our analysis indicates that tourist boats are the main pollution sources in the study area.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.198-207
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• 1999

시화호 내 5개 정점에서 채취한 주상시료들을 지화학적으로 분석하여 시화방조제 건설이후 퇴적환경 및 중금속오염에 대해 연구하였다. 시화호내 퇴적환경은 유기물의 C/N비와 C/S비에 의해 무산소환경, 산화환경, 그리고 두 환경이 공존하는 지역으로 세분되었다. 산화환원환경을 지배하는 요인은 수심과 퇴적물의 공급차인것으로 사료된다. 주상시료에서 분석된 지화학적 원소중 Mn-U-Mo간의 상관관계는 각 정점간의 산화 환원환경의 지시자로 사용이 가능하다. 주상시료들의 Al과 Ti 함량은 퇴적물특성에 의해 구분되며, 5개 중금속(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn 및 Pb)함량은 중금속에 의한 오염정도를 지시한다. 중금속의 상대적 함량은 방조제에 가까운 시화호 중심부분에서 보다 안산-반월공단에 가까운 지역에서 높게 축적되어 있다. 특히 주상시료의 표층퇴적물은 시화호 중앙부보다 시화-반월공단쪽이 약 2-8배 정도로 중금속축적이 높다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

Under accelerated industrial developments environment pollution comes out to be very stirious. Especially the ions of heavy metal from wastewater, even if they are minimal, accumulated in ecology circle and do finally injury to human health. The general process for removal of heavy metals include coagulation and following sedimentation, ion -exchange and active carbon adsorption and sedimentation that applicate in popular, needs the expense of coagulant the additional treatment of sludge on the general process of coagulation and sedimentation. It is also a serious problem that the second pollution caused by coagulant. However chelating adsorption that uses natural chelating high- molecular compound has not pollution problem Among chelating high- molecules, the diminishing chitin that contained in crustaceans as crawfish and crab in our country with affluent water resources are easy to get. So it is advantageous to use this ubiquitous material for removing heavy metals because we could reuse natural resource. In this research, the author tested the effectiveness of the adsorption and removal of heavy metal ions by chitin and its derivatives. Chitin and cellulose became beads and used as flocculant, in this test. The results are as follows . First, bead showed higher removal ratio than powder in the comparative test on adsorbents such as chitin, chitosan and cellulose. Secondly, in the variety test by the kinds of adsorbent and time. chitosan bead and cellulose bead that showed the highest removal ratio. One hour need to remove the ions of heavy metal. Thirdly, the results of the adsorption degree test by pH revealed high removal ratio adsorption of chitin, cellulose and chitosan bead in alkalin condition but chitosan bead in acidic condition.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.296-305
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• 2021

This work investigated heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of rivers in Busan, Korea. Surface sediments were analyzed in order to conduct contamination assessment of organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metal concentrations. Contamination assessment of heavy metals was conducted using geoaccumulation index (I_geo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). Accumulation of organic matter and nutrients were affected by water discharged from sewage treatment plant. The concentrations of organic matter and nutrients were found to be greater in points which were close to the sewage treatment plant more than points furthest. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, and Ni were found to be greater in surface sediment more than in the background. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were in the order of Zn (323.5 mg/kg) > Cu (70.5 mg/kg) > Pb (39.8 mg/kg) > Cr (33.4 mg/kg) > Ni (13.5 mg/kg) > As (9.4 mg/kg) > Cd (0.84 mg/kg) > Hg (0.092 mg/kg). The result of geoaccumulation indices indicated that Hg > Cr > Cu > Ni > Zn > As > Pb > Cd were found in order of severe contamination by heavy metals. From PLI and RI analysis, it was evident that the Suyeonggang 2 was the most contaminated river.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.343-353
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• 2023

Lichens play crucial roles in the ecosystems, contributing to soil formation and nutrient cycling, and being used in biomonitoring efforts to assess the sustainability of ecosystems including air quality. Previous studies on heavy metal accumulation in lichens have mostly relied on manipulated environments, such as transplanted lichens, leaving us with a dearth of research on how lichens physiologically respond to heavy metal exposure in their natural habitats. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated lichens from two of South Korea's geographically distant regions, Gangwon Province and Jeju Island, and examined whether difference in ambient heavy metal concentrations could be detected through physiological variables, including chlorophyll damage, lipid oxidation, and protein content. The physiological variables of lichens in response to heavy metals differed according to the collection area: Arsenic exerted a significant impact on chlorophyll degradation and protein content. The degree of fatty acid oxidation in lichens was associated with increased Cu concentrations. Our research highlights the value of lichens as a bioindicator, as we found that even small variations in ambient heavy metal concentrations can be detected in natural lichens. Furthermore, our study sheds light on which physiology variables that can be used as indicators of specific heavy metals, underscoring the potential of lichens for future ecology studies.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.494-500
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• 1996

To investigate the relationship between the atmospheric pollution level and the pollution level of soil adjacent to the roadside in Suwon suspended particles and soil samples were collected in August to October 1993, and analyzed by AAS and ICP. The Ca, K, Mg concentration in atmosphere were observed as high level and assumed that it was effected by the acid-rain originated from the erosion of concreate vicinity to the roadside, and the Pb, Zn concentration were higher at outer area than that of central area. Hazardous heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Zn) concentrations in soil were observed as high level at all sampling sites. The relationship between the heavy metal concentrations in the atmosphere and those in the soil were analyzed, by using the correlation coefficient value(r) and the result was appeared similarly. And this study indicated that the atmospheric pollution affect the level of the soil pollution adjacent to the road side.