• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2006

Coal combustion fly ash, which has a high available Si content and alkaline pH, was selected as a potential source of soil amendment in this study. Two field experiments were carried out to evaluate the possibility of heavy metal accumulation in silt loam (Pyeongtaeg series) and loamy sand (Nagdong series) of rice (Oryza sativa) paddy soils to which 0, 40, 80, and $120Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of fly ash were added. Rice yields increased significantly with fly ash application and the highest rice yields were achieved following the addition of around $90Mg\;ha^{-1}$ fly ash. Fly ash increased the soil pH but did not increase heavy metal uptakes of rice and heavy metal concentration in soils, due to very low concentration of heavy metals in the selected fly ash. Labile fraction of heavy metals (exchangeable + acidic fraction) was scarcely contained and most of them were stable and unavailable form (oxidizable and residual fraction). In conclusion fly ash could be a good supplement to an inorganic soil amendments without heavy metal contamination in paddy soils.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.158.2-158
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• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.589-597
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• 2016

There are a number of industrial complexes which could be a source of heavy metal (loid)s contamination of arable soil in Gyeongnam province of South Korea. Heavy metal (loid)s accumulation of plant is more related to the concentration of plant available heavy metal (loid)s in arable soil than that of total heavy metal (loid)s. The objectives of this study were 1) to examine heavy metal concentrations in soils located near industrial complexes in Gyeongnam province and 2) to determine the relationship between concentration of plant available heavy metal (loid)s and chemical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from 85 sites of arable lands nearby 7 industrial complexes in Gyeongnam province. Total heavy metal (loid)s concentration, available heavy metal (loid)s concentration, and chemical properties of collected soils were measured. The mean concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the soils were $5.8mg\;kg^{-1}$, $1.3mg\;kg^{-1}$, $0.03mg\;kg^{-1}$, $51.5mg\;kg^{-1}$, and $68.7mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Total concentration of Cd and Zn in arable soil located near ${\nabla}{\nabla}$ industrial complex exceeded the warning criteria ($4mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $300mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cd and Zn, respectively) as described by in the soil environmental conservation Act of Korea. The concentration of plant available heavy metal (loid)s was negatively related to the soil pH and available Pb and Zn concentrations had relatively high correlation coefficient when compared with other heavy metal (loid)s. The concentration of plant available Pb and Zn was negatively related to that of organic matter (OM). Based on the above results, it might be a good soil management to control pH and OM concentration with soil amendments such as lime and compost to reduce phytoavailability of heavy metal (loid)s in arable soil located near industrial complex.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.431-434
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• 2003

Environmental pollution problems due to the wastes from various industrial facilities and activities have become a serious issue. The specific problem associated with heavy metals in the environment is their accumulation in the food chain and their persistence in nature. Present work investigates the possible uses of by-products for the removal of heavy metal ions. Heavy metals used in these studies were cadmium, lead and copper. Experiments were conducted with by-products such as oyster shell and fly ash to evaluate their sorption characteristics. The results of the study indicate that oyster shell can be properly used as an adsorbent for heavy metals because of its outstanding removal rate.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2002

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of metal interaction on the accumulation and elimination of Cd and Cu in the liver of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, exposed to sub-chronic Cd (0, 5, 10, 50, 100 ${\mu}g/L$)/Cu $(10 {\mu}g/L)$ mixture. Cd exposure resulted in an increased Cd accumulation in the liver of flounder for exposure periods and concentration, and Cd accumulation increased linearly with exposure time. Cu accumulation profiles were similar to those of Cd. Cd concentration in the liver significantly decreased at the 10th depuration period and elimination rate was $66.20\%,\;86.22\%$ in 50 and $100 {\mu}g/L$at the end of depuration periods, respectively. Although, Cu elimination was similar to Cd elimination phase, Cd elimination rate was higher than that of Cu. Co-relationship of Cd and Cu have a positive correlation coefficient r=0.8620 (P<0.001) and support the strong relationship between Cd and Cu accumulation. As increase with the Cd exposure concentration, there were significant (P<0.001) differences between Cd and Cu accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.278-284
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• 2015

In general, plant roots accumulate more heavy metals than the above ground organs such as leaf, stem, and fruit. This implies that root medicinal plants would be an issue with excessive heavy metal accumulation. Therefore, the current study was carried out to investigate the distribution of heavy metal (focused on Cd and Pb) concentrations in soils and medicinal plant roots grown in different region of Korea. Total 293 samples for each soil and plant were collected along the national wide. Soil pH, total and phytoavailable metal concentrations (1 M $NH_4NO_3$ extracted) in soils were determined and heavy metal concentrations in root of the medicinal plants were analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations of the soil samples studied were not exceeded standard limits legislated in 'Soil Environmental Conservation Act', except 2 samples for Cu. However, substantial amount of Cd was accumulated in medicinal plant roots with 29% samples exceeding the standard limit legislated in 'Pharmaceutical Affairs Act' while all plant samples were lower than the standard limit value for Pb. Also the current study demonstrated that cadmium concentrations in the roots were governed by the phytoavailable Cd in soils, which decreased as soil pH increased. From this result, application of heavy metal immobilization technique using a pH change-induced immobilizing agents can be suggested for safer root medicinal plant production.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.327-332
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• 2019

Today's scientists try to remove heavy metals with many new technologies such as phytoremediation. One of the best cutting edge technologies is developing transgenic plants to remove certain heavy metal in soil. I constructed the transformation vector expressing T. goesingense Metal Transport Protein1 gene and TgMTP1: GFP genes. The transgenic plants were selected and confirmed the transformed genes into Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Expression was confirmed in several parts in Arabidopsis cells, tissues and organs. When TgMTP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana were subjected, transgenic plants showed higher heavy metal tolerance than non-transgenic. For further study I selected the transgenic plant lines with enhanced tolerance against four different heavy metals; Zn, Ni, Co, Cd. The accumulation of these metals in these plants was further analyzed. The TgMTP1 overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plant of selected lines are resistant against heavy metals. This plant is characterized by the expression of the MTP1 gene accumulating heavy metal in the vacuole and being simultaneously expressed on the plasma membrane. In conclusion, these plants may be used in plant purification applications, and as a plant with increased tolerance.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 1988

It has been suggested that calcium is only one of many metals that compete with toxic metals in the body. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the influence of water hardness on accumulation of heavy metals in rats. The seventy-five rats were divided into control and case groups. Case group was subdivided into four subgroups in proportion to the concentration of water hardness respectively, such as, 0, 250, 500, 1000ppm. Control group was fed on only deionized water, but case groups were fed on hard water with ionized heavy metals (Cd 150mg + Pb 300mg + Cu 300mg/l) for 20, 40, 60 days. The concentrations of cadmium, lead and copper were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Perkin Elmer 2380) in livers and kidneys. The results of the study are summarized as following 1. The concentration of cadmium accumulation showed the tendency of decrease in proportion to water hardness in both livers and kidneys of rats having been fed for only 60 days, respectively. 2. In only livers of rats having been fed for 60 days, essential metal, copper had the tendency of decrease according as hardness in water. 3. It was impossible to compare case with control about the tendency of lead accumulation because there was no difference between the two in livers and kidneys respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.271-274
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• 2016

This study examined variation in Cd and Pb uptake among different medi cinal plants grown under the same soil environment together with immobilizing effect of lime to decrease these metals accumulation by the medicinal plants. For this, lime was incorporated into a heavy metal-contaminated soil at 1% followed by cultivation of seven different annual and 5 different biennial medicinal plants. In order for comparison, control soil without lime treatment was included and all the pot trials were carried out four replicates. Cadmium and Pb concentrations in medicinal plant roots grown in the control soil varied between 0.5 and $2.8mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Cd and 3.2 and $82.4mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Pb. The highest accumulation occurred in C. officinale and the lowest in D. batatas. Lime application decreased average Cd and Pb concentrations in the examined medicinal plants from $1.3mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $25.7mg\;kg^{-1}$ to $0.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $11.9mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively in comparison with those grown in the control soil.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2024

Phytoremediation presents a low-carbon and eco-friendly solution for heavy metal-contaminated soils, which pose great health and environmental risks to humans and ecosystems. A hydroponic culture was used to quantitatively assess the phytoremediation potential of plant species to remediate As or Cd-contaminated soil in field application. This study examined the growth, uptake, and distribution of Cd in the roots and shoots of Phalaris arundinacea and Brassica juncea in hydroponic conditions with Cd concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mg/L for 10 days. Additionally, Aster koraiensis and Pteris multifida were cultivated in hydroponic conditions containing As concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 mg/L for 10 days. The concentrations of Cd in the above-ground part and root tissues of P. arundinacea and B. juncea reached a maximum of 147.7 and 1926.7 mg/kg-D.W.(Dry Weight), and 351.6 and 11305.5 mg/kg-D.W., respectively. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for P. arundinacea and B. juncea were 68.9 and 122.3, respectively. Both species exhibited a translocation factor (TF) of less than 0.1, indicating their eligibility for phytostabilization. Aster koraiensis exhibited significant As accumulation of 155.1 and 1306.7 mg/kg D.W. in the above-ground part and root, respectively. However, this accumulation resulted with substantial weight loss and the manifestation of toxic symptoms. P. multifida exhibited higher accumulation of As (345.1 mg/kg-D.W.) in the fronds than in the roots (255.4 mg/kg-D.W.), corresponding to BCF values of 18.6 and 7.6, respectively, and a TF greater than 1.2. A TF value greater than 1.0 indicates that P. multifida is a viable option for phytoextraction.