• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.1125-1139
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• 2023

The system-integrated modular advanced reactor 100 (SMART100), an integral-type pressurized water small modular reactor, is based on a novel design concept for containment cooling and radioactive material reduction; it is known as the containment pressure and radioactivity suppression system (CPRSS). There is a passive cooling system using a condensation with non-condensable gas in the SMART CPRSS. When a design basis accident such as a small break loss of coolant accident (SBLOCA) occurs, the pressurized low containment area (LCA) of the SMART CPRSS leads to steam condensation in an incontainment refuelling water storage tank (IRWST). Additionally, the steam and non-condensable gas mixture passes through the CPRSS heat exchanger (CHX) submerged in the emergency cooldown tank (ECT) that can partially remove the residual heat. When the steam and non-condensable gas mixture passes through the CHX, the non-condensable gas can interrupt the condensation heat transfer in the CHX and it degrades CHX performance. In this study, condensation heat transfer experiments of steam and non-condensable gas mixture in the natural circulation loop were conducted. The pressure, temperature, and effects of the non-condensable gas were investigated according to the constant inlet steam flow rate with non-condensable gas injections in the loop.

• 태양에너지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1998

The purpose of this research is to study the charateristics and manufacture of a composite heat pipe system with rotational and static pipe. A composite heat pipe system were tested to obtain the relationship between the expansion injector and auxiliary expansion for the motion of the working fluid by the experimental results. In addition the heat transport characteristics were found based on wall temperature of rotor, expansion injector, storage tank and vapor temperature. Water is used as working fluid of heat pipes. As the results of experiments, the composite heat pipe was operated for long times, 10 hour above with various rotational speed in performance. There were a few unexpected data by the capillary pumped loop at small working fluid, but as a whole the testing was successful.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2024

수소는 매우 낮은 밀도를 갖기 때문에 화석연료와 동일한 수준의 에너지량을 저장하기 위해서는 기존과 다른 저장방식이 요구된다. 수소의 밀도를 높이는 방법으로는 수소를 액화하여 저장하는 방법이 있다. 하지만, 수소의 액화온도는 -252 ℃의 극저온이기 때문에 외부 열 유입에 의해 쉽게 기화된다. 액체수소가 기화되면 탱크 내부의 압력이 증가되는 자가증압 현상을 발생하므로, 탱크 설계 시 이 상승하는 압력을 잘 예측해야 한다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 극저온 액체수소 연료탱크의 액체수소 충전 비율에 따른 내부 압력을 예측하였다. 탱크 내부의 압력 상승을 예측하기 위하여 1차원 열역학적 모델을 적용하였다. 열전달 모델은 열 유입, 액체수소의 기화, 연료 배출에 현상이 고려되었다. 최종적으로 연료탱크 내의 액체수소의 충전 비율에 따라 압력 상승 거동과 최대 상승 압력에 큰 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 태양에너지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.3-12
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• 1990

본 실험연구에서는 탱크의 직경에 대한 높이의 비(H/D)가 3이고 유입 유량이 8LPM, 유입수의 온도와 기존 저장수와의 온도차, ${\Delta}T=30^{\circ}C$일때, 운동량교환을 최소화하여 가장 좋은 성층을 얻었고 또한 실험에서 사용한 유입구(Inlet Port)의 경우 수정 Richardson수(Modified Richardson Number), Ri가 0.004(Q=10LPM, ${\Delta}T=30^{\circ}C$) 이하의 값에서는 완전 혼합(Fully Mixing)이 발생하고 H/D가 작아질수록 혼합층의 두께($H^*/H$)가 증가하여 성층 축열에는 바람직하지 못하였다. 그리고 성층은 성층을 촉진시키기 위하여 Distributor를 사용했을 때가, Distributor를 사용하지 않은 유입구(Inlet Port)의 경우 보다 잘 형성되어 저장효율이 Distributor를 사용한 경우(Q=8LPM, ${\Delta}T=30^{\circ}C$, H/D=3)에 Distributor를 사용하지 않은 유입구(Inlet Port)의 최저효율 63%(Q=12LPM, ${\Delta}T=30^{\circ}C$, H/D=3인 경우)보다는 31% 정도, 최대효율 84%(Q=8LPM, ${\Delta}T=30^{\circ}C$, H/D=3인 경우)보다는 11% 정도 높은 95%까지 저장 효율을 증가시킬 수 있었다. 더 나아가서 단면이 균일한 원형 Distributor(A=D=Constant)의 경우에, 유량이 8LPM인 경우에 관내의 압력차가 작아 부분혼합(Partial Mixing)이 감소하여 안정된 성층을 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고, Distributor의 직경을 다음식과 같이 $$\frac{D}{D_L}=(\frac{x}{L})^{1/2}(1+\frac{fL}{2D})-\frac{fx}{2D_L}$$ 길이에 대하여 변화시켜 Distributor를 제작함으로써, 보다 안정된 열성층과 높은 열저장 효율을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 예상한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2024

Given the inadequate regulatory framework for liquefied hydrogen gas storage tanks on ships and the limitations of the IGC Code, designed for liquefied natural gas, this study introduces a critical assessment procedure to ensure the safety and suitability of such tank designs. This study performed a heat transfer analysis for boil-off gas (BOG) calculations and established separate design load cases to evaluate the yielding and buckling strength. In addition, the study assessed methodologies for both high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue assessments, complemented by comprehensive structural integrity evaluations using finite element analysis. A comprehensive approach was developed to assess the structural integrity of Type C tanks by conducting crack propagation analysis and comparing these results with the IGC Code criteria. The practicality and efficacy of these methods were validated through their application on a 23K-class liquefied hydrogen carrier at the concept design stage. These findings may have important implications for enhancing safety standards and regulatory policies.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.1135-1144
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• 2024

With the increasing ratio of renewables in the grid, a low-carbon and stable base load source that also is capable of load tracking is in demand. Sodium cooled fast reactors (SFRs) coupled to thermal heat storage system (THS) is a strong candidate for the need. This research focuses on the designing and performance validation of a two-tank THS based on molten salt to integrate with a 280 MW_th sodium cooled fast reactor. Designing of the THS includes the vital component, sodium-to-salt heat exchanger which is a technology gap that needs to be filled, and designing and parameter selection of the tanks and related pumps. Modeling of the designed THS is conducted followed by the description of operation strategies and control logics of the THS. Finally, the dynamic simulation of the designed THS is conducted based on Fortran. Results show, the proposed power system meets the need of the design requirements to store heat for 18 h during a day and provide 500 MW_th for peak demand for the rest of the day.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2017

Optimal cooling operation algorithm was developed based on a simulation case of a single family house model equipped with renewable energy facility. EnergyPlus simulation results were used as virtual test data. The model contained three energy storage elements: thermal heat capacity of the living room, chilled water storage tank, and battery. Their charging and discharging schedules were optimized so that daily electricity bill became minimal. As an optimization tool, linear programming was considered because it was possible to obtain results in real time. For its adoption, EnergyPlus-based house model had to be linearly approximated. Results of this study revealed that dynamic cooling load of the living room could be approximated by a linear RC model. Scheduling based on the linear programming was then compared to that by a nonlinear optimization algorithm which was made using GenOpt developed by a national lab in USA. They showed quite similar performances. Therefore, linear programming can be a practical solution to optimal operation scheduling if linear dynamic models are tuned to simulate their real equivalents with reasonable accuracy.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

To find out the optimum design of hydrogen storage and supply tank using Metal Hydride (briefly MH) and to make clear the performance characteristics under various conditions are our research purpose. In order to use the low-temperature exhaust heat, $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$ which operates under the low pressure of 1 MPa is chosen, and we measure the basic properties, namely density, specific heat, PCT(Pressure-Concentration-Temperature) characteristics, and effective thermal conductivity. Then, a numerical calculation model of hydrogen storage using MH alloy is suggested and this thermal diffusion equation of model is solved by the backward difference method. This calculation results are compared with the experimental results of the systems which installed 1kg MH alloy and, it is found out that our calculation model can well predict the experimental results. By the experimental using MH alloy, it is recognized that the hydrogen flow rate can control by the step adjustment of brine temperature.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.43-46
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• 2007

To find out the optimum design of hydrogen storage and supply tank using Metal Hydride (briefly MH) and to make clear the performance characteristics under various conditions are our research purpose. In order to use the low-temperature exhaust heat, $LaNi_{4.7}Al_{0.3}$ which operates under the low pressure of 1MPa is chosen, and we measure the basic properties, namely density, specific heat, PCT(Pressure-Concentration-Temperature) characteristic, and effective thermal conductivity. Then, a numerical calculation model of hydrogen storage using MH alloy is suggested and this thermal diffusion equation of model is solved by the backward difference method. This calculation results rate compared with the experimental results of the systems which installed 1kg MH alloy and, it is found out that our calculation model can well predict the experimental results. By the experimental using MH alloy, it is recognized that the hydrogen flow rate can control by the step adjustment of brine temperature.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1986

An experiment on the devices that enchance the stratification of storage tanks in a solar heat ins system has been carried out. The benefits of thermal stratification in sensible heat storage are to increase the system performance such as the collector efficiency or the fraction of the total load supplied by solar energy. Using the diffuser and the distributor as the stratification enchancement device, the expeliments were perfomed in the different condition of diameter and material of the distributor. As a result of experiments, there exists the diameter of distributor in which the stratification is made maximum under certain design and operation condition. Also it was identified that the kind of distributor material influenced the degree of stratification. Comparing the experimental result to the computational results calculated under the same conditions, the node number N(stratification index) was determined. The results of computer simulation that was performed about the actual solar heating system in Seoul for 24 hours show the relative advantage of stratified over well-mixed storage and the significant improvements in system performance.