• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.354-360
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• 2008

최신의 마이크로프로세서 설계에서는 전력 관련 문제들이 중요한 고려사항이 되었다. 온-칩(On-chip) 온도 상승은 이와 관련하여 중요한 요소로 부각되었다. 이를 적절하게 처리하지 않을 경우 냉각 비용과 칩 신뢰성에 부정적인 결과를 초래한다. 이 논문에서 우리는 시간적/공간적인 핫 스폿(Hot spot) 완화를 위한 설계들과 열 시간 상수, 작업부하 변동, 마이크로프로세서의 전력 분배 사이의 보편적인 상충관계(Trade off)들을 조사한다. 우리의 방안은 작업부하의 실행위치/순서를 변경하고 동시실행 스레드의 수를 조절하여 시스템의 공간 및 시간적인 열 틈새(Heat slack)에 영향을 줌으로써, 운영체계(OS)와 이미 시스템에 존재하는 하드웨어의 지원만으로 적절한 시간제한내에 작업부하를 조절함으로써 온-칩 온도를 낮출 수 있다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2016

Low carbon steel is usually used as the outer panel with low base metal resistance compared to the inner reinforced panel made with high strength steel, which makes it difficult to form a robust nugget. To overcome welding problems of a dissimilar three-sheet combination made of SGACEN, DP980 and CP1180, a cover plate was inserted between the upper electrode and SGACEN. The quality of the nugget was analyzed by comparing the welding signals and cross sectional images under maximum heat input both with and without the cover plate. To analyze the mechanical of weld properties, a hardness test analysis was conducted. To enhance the reliability of experimental results, temperature distributions were obtained using a simulation program. The method of inserting a cover plate led to a change in the heat input, which induced a larger nugget size between SGACEN and DP980.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.665-685
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• 2021

This study focused on the a 20-year evaluation of the dynamism of critical thermal anomalies in Busan metropolitan area prompted by unusual infrastructural development and demographic growth rate. Archived Landsat thermal data derived-LST was the major input for UTFVI and hot spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi^*). Results revealed that the surface urban heat island-affected area has gradually expanded overtime from 23.32% to 32.36%; while the critical positive thermal anomalies (level-3 hotspots) have also spatially increased from 19.88% in 2000 to 23.56% in 2020, recording a net LST difference of > 5℃ between the maximum level-3 hotspot and minimum level-3 coldspot each year. It is been observed that thermal conditions of Busan have gradually deteriorated with time, which is potentially inherent in the rate of urban expansion. Thus, this work serves as an eye-opener to powers that be, to think and act constructively towards a sustainable thermal conform for city dwellers.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2001

배나무잎검은점병에 대한 종합방제 대책을 수립하고자 시험을 수행하였다. 배 생산단지로부터 무독모수를 선발하기 위해서 본 병에 대한 감염 여부를 검정한 결과, 배나무잎검은점병이 발생하지 않는 6주를 확인하였다. 본 바이러스는 $40/32^{\circ}C$에서 3주간, $37/30^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 변온처리에 의해서 무독화가 가능하였으나 신초의 활착률이 매우 낮았다. 본 바이러스를 접종하여 병징이 발현하는 품종은 신고 등 7품종이었고, 발현하지 않는 품종은 수황배등 11종이었다. 품질이 우수한 저항성 품종인 수황배를 배나무잎검은점병이 발생하고 있는 신고 배나무에 고접한 결과 배나무잎검은점병이 전혀 발생하지 않았다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2021

Plug flow reactor (PFR) 내의 과열점(hot spot) 온도를 조절하는 것은 생성물의 수득률 및 순도, 안전성 측면에서 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 더 현실에 가깝게 모델링 하기 위하여 PFR 내부의 냉각액 온도를 상태변수로 설정하고 방사 방향의 열 및 물질전달을 고려하였다. 모델은 반응물의 농도 및 온도와 냉각액의 온도 총 3개의 상태변수로 이루어져 있으며, 등온 냉각액의 유량을 조작변수로 가진다. 본 연구에서는 방사 방향의 열 및 물질전달을 고려한 제어식이 그렇지 않은 제어식보다 과열점의 온도를 set point 부근으로 더 효과적으로 유지한다는 것을 보였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 제어식은 냉각액의 온도가 반응물 온도의 약 0.7배 부근일 때 St가 1.3 이상이고 Ac/A가 2.0 이하인 조건에서 강건성을 유지하였다. 이 조건에서 반응기로 유입되는 반응물의 온도가 5% 범위에서 바뀔 때 본 연구에서 제안된 제안식을 이용하면 과열점의 온도를 set point의 1% 이내로 유지할 수 있다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2013

The spot welds of Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels are prone to interfacial failure and narrow welding current range. Hard microstructures in weld metal and heat affected zone arenormally considered as one of the main reason to accelerate the interfacial failure mode. There fore, detailed observation of weld microstructure for TRIP steels should be made to ensure better weld quality. However, it is difficult to characterize the microstructure, which has similar color, size, and shape using the optical or electron microscopy. The atomic force microscope (AFM) can help to analyze microstructure by using different energy levels for different surface roughness. In this study, the microstructures of resistance spot welds for AHSS are analyzed by using AFM with measuring the differences in average surface roughness. It has been possible to identify the different phases and their topographic characteristics and to study their morphology using atomic force microscopy in resistance spot weld TRIP steels. The systematic topographic study for each region of weldments confirmed the presence of different microstructures with height of 350nm for martensite, 250nm for bainite, and 150nm for ferrite, respectively.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2006

Laser heat treatment technologies have been used to improve characteristics of wear and to enhance the fatigue resistance for automotive parts. The bjective of this research work is to investigate the influence of the process parameters, such as power of laser and defocused spot position, on the characteristics of laser heat treatment for the case of SM45C medium carbon steel. CW Nd:YAG laser is selected as the heat source. The optical lens with the elliptical profile is designed to obtain a wide heat treatment area with a uniform hardness. From the results of the experiments, it has been shown that the maximum hardness is approximatly 780 Hv when the power and the travel of laser are 1,095 W and 0.6 m/min, respectively. In addition, the hardening width using the elliptical lens was three time larger than that using the defocusing of laser beam.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2012

Nowadays, car manufacturers tried to improve automotive fuel efficiency, and applied many high strength steels such as AHSS or UHSS to car bodies. Therefore, the number of steel combinations for the resistance spot welding are dramatically increased and the need for weldability evaluation of these combinations are also required. In this study, we suggest the lobe curve using FEM simulations for DP780 steel with 1.0t, 1.4t. The lobe curves which could expressed weldablity and optimal welding condition were obtained according to 6 steel combinations. There were two combinations for same steel sheet which were DP780 1.0t, DP780 1.4t. Dissimilar steel sheet combination with different thickness was 1.0t and 1.4t of DP780. Different steel combinations were DP780 1.0t and SPRC440 1.0t, and DP780 1.0t and DP590 1.0t. Finally dissimilar combinations was and DP780 1.0t and DP590 1.4t. The trend of low boundary and high boundary variation of lobe curve were analyzed with a viewpoint of the contact resistance and the heat input.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.101-106
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• 1993

In order to assure safety of both patient and operator, and to provide uniform quality radiographs, it is necessary to perform periodic calibration of diagnostic X-ray equipment. A basic parameter of diagnostic equipment's and its image sharpness is the size(and shape the energy distribution) of the focal spot as viewed along the central X-ray beam. This size determines the resolution possible with the equipment and also determines the heat characteristics of an anode. A fine focus tube gives high resolution but causes high local heating of target. In past, the pin-hole and star pattern image measurement for evaluation of resolution have been widely used, but it produced blurring and inaccuracy of image. So newly inverted Ug-meter has advantage in more convenient measurement method and less out-put bias than other image measurement. The authors intended to compare measured focal size between Ug-meter and focal spot test tool, changed state from setting to now of units.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.750-759
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• 2020

The wide application of various integrated location-based services (LBS social) and tourism application (app) has generated a large amount of trajectory space data. The trajectory data are used to identify popular tourist attractions with high density of tourists, and they are of great significance to smart service and emergency management of scenic spots. A hot spot analysis method is proposed, based on spatial clustering of trajectory stop points. The DBSCAN algorithm is studied with fast clustering speed, noise processing and clustering of arbitrary shapes in space. The shortage of parameters is manually selected, and an improved method is proposed to adaptively determine parameters based on statistical distribution characteristics of data. DBSCAN clustering analysis and contrast experiments are carried out for three different datasets of artificial synthetic two-dimensional dataset, four-dimensional Iris real dataset and scenic track retention point. The experiment results show that the method can automatically generate reasonable clustering division, and it is superior to traditional algorithms such as DBSCAN and k-means. Finally, based on the spatial clustering results of the trajectory stay points, the Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis and mapping are conducted in ArcGIS software. The hot spots of different tourist attractions are classified according to the analysis results, and the distribution of popular scenic spots is determined with the actual heat of the scenic spots.