• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.01a
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• pp.107-108
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• 2000

We propose the method which is possible to fabricate the electrodes with the fine pattern and low resistance by photolithography and electroplating. The widths of pattern fabricated were 30, 50, 70 and 100um and the thickness could be up to $10{\mu}m$. The resistivity of the copper electrode electroplated was below $2.0{\mu}{\Omega}$ cm which is about half of photosensitive silver electrode. Dielectric layer was coated on the electrodes by screen printing and the pores harmful to the discharge were not formed after heat treatment. In the viewpoint of resistance and patterning, this method has much higher potential for large area display than other methods like screen printing, photosensitive conductive paste method and sputtering.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.252-259
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• 2003

Hemorrhoid generally refers to a prolapsed nodule in the anus, and major symptoms are swelling, bleeding, pain. itching, and rectal discharge. For severe conditions, that is stage Ⅲ & Ⅳ, hemorrhoidectomy is commonly performed by surgeons. Yet, many patients are afraid of postoperative recurrence, and complications such as pain, wound bleeding, urinary retention, and dyschezia are not avoidable. We treated two patients with Stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ. and both of the cases were diagnosed as the hemorrhoid due to "moist and heat of the large intestine". After a couple of times of treatment only with SaAhm acupuncture, the symptoms were improved to the degrees where no discomfort could be found in the daily living.

• Water for future
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.459-466
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• 1990

In the Ice Valley, it freeze in summer season. However, there is no ice during winter. In order to clarify the phenomenon of unusual temperature, numerical experiments were conducted using the coupled equations of fluid flow and heat transfer. The results demonstrated that temperature inversion in the Ice Valley is primarily due to delay of the groundwater temperature. Also, the results of the simulation suggest that major factors affecting the delay are the topographical configuration, geological factors and groundwater flow system, combined with groundwater recharge and discharge systems.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.671-677
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• 1999

This study has been performed to investigate REW(relative electrode wear) in condition of vari-ous pulse-on duration using the copper and graphite electrode with change of the electrode size on the heat treated STD11 which is extensively used for metallic molding steel with the EDM. The results obtained are as follows; a) Graphite has much benefits than copper electrode when rapid machining is done without electrode wear, b) Neative REW result from the electrode that is very liable attach to decomposition carbide c)Increasing of machining time cause to increase wear length of the copper electrode and decrease wear length of the graphite electorde d)The more pulse-on duration copper electrode has the less REW. e) The edge portion of the electorde wears remarkably at the beginning of machining,.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.373-376
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• 2005

The discharge of fly ash that is produced by coal-fired electric power plants is rapidly increasing in Korea. The utilization of fly ash in the raw materials would contribute to the elimination of an environmental problem and to the development of new high-performance materials. Fly ash consists of a glass phase. As it is produced from high temperature, it is a chemically stable material. Fly ash mostly consists of $SiO_{2}$ and $Al_{2}O_{3}$, and it assumes the form of an oxide in the inside of fly ash. Because this reaction has not broken out by itself, it is need to supply it with additional $OH^{-}$ through alkali activators. We used alkali activators for supplying it with additional $OH^{-}$. This paper concentrated on the strength development according to the kind of chemical activators, the curing temperature, the heat curing time.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.195-206
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• 2003

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFC) are very interesting power source due to high power density, simple construction and operation at low temperature. But they have problems such as high cost, improvement of performance and effect of temperature. This problems can be approached using mathematical models which are useful tools for analysis and optimization of fuel cell performance and for heat and water management, in this paper, transient model consists of various energy terms associated with fuel cell operation using the mass and energy balance equation. And water transfer in the membrane is composed of back diffusion and electro-osmotic drag. The temperature calculated by transient model approximately agreed with the temperature measured by experiment in constant current condition.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.587-595
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• 1998

Transient thermal analysis simulations are carried out using a modeling program to understand the human body model HBM ESD. The devices were simulated a one-dimensional device subjected to ESD stress by solving Poison's equation, the continuity equation, and heat flow equation. A ramp rise with peak ESD voltage during rise time is applied to the device under test and then discharged exponentially through the device. LDD and NMOS structures were studied to evaluate ESD performance, snap back voltages, device heating. Junction heating results in the necessity for increased electron concentration in the space charge region to carry the current by the ESD HBM circuit. The doping profile adihacent to junction determines the amount of charge density and magnitude of the electric field, potential drop, and device heating. Shallow slopes of LDD tend to collect the negative charge and higher potential drops and device heating.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.452-454
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• 1999

In this paper, sample coils for stator form-wound winding of traction motor were made for the accelerative thermal degradation composed of heat, vibration, moisture and overvoltage. In progress of test periods, diagnosis tests such as insulation resistance, dielectric loss and partial discharge were investigated. Reliability and expected life were evaluated on the insulation system for 200 class traction motor considering various environmental stress.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.606-610
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• 2003

The 200 class insulation system which adopted to traction motor have excellent dielectric strength but weaken to thermal stress therefore deterioration phenomena analysis according to thermal stress is necessary. Accelerated thermal aging tests have been used to determine thermal reliability of stator coils used as traction motor in electric multiple unit. The conventional aging test is carried on according to IEC 60034-18-31 and IEEE Std. 275-1992. Variation in insulation resistance, P.I, capacitance, dielectric loss($tan{\delta}$) and partial discharge are measured during the aging cycle. Sample coils for traction motor were tested by accelerated aging test which composed of heat, vibration and moisture. Reliability and expected life were evaluated on the insulation system for traction motor.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.1184-1190
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• 2006

Most chemical companies try to maximize their energy efficiencies due to high oil price and reinforcement of environmental regulation. An individual factory continuously has tried to reduce energy consumption or carbon dioxide discharge for high profit. Nevertheless, it is found that waste heat is disposed with forms of low or medium pressure steams. It can be improved by the aspect of entire industrial complex. Therefore, we have developed a steam network optimization method using Steam Networking Matrices(SNMs) in this research. Results from an illustrative example show that energy consumption can be reduced by optimizing steam exchange networks.