• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Energy Balance Model (EBM) was used to experiment the distribution of surface equilibrium temperature which responds to external forcing associated with the surface characteristics. Surface equilibrium temperature is calculated as sum of incoming solar radiation and latitudinal transport is balanced with outgoing infrared radiation. To treat incoming solar radiation, the source of the earth energy, significantly for energy balance, the experiment for surface equilibrium temperature distribution was performed considering the energy balance with the latitudinal albedo change as well as land and sea distribution. In addition, linear albedo change experiment, arctic albedo 5%, 10%, 15% change experiments and the opposite albedo change experiments between arctic and mid-latitudes were performed using incoming solar radiation as an external forcing. Moreover, with and without ice-albedo feedback experiments were performed. Increasing of arctic albedo is blocked out the incoming solar radiation so that it induces decreasing of latitudinal heat transport. It is strengthened energy transport from low latitudes by keeping arctic low energy states. Therefore the temperature change in the mid-latitudes exhibits larger response than that of arctic due to the difference of transport. The land which has lower heat capacity than sea can be reach to equilibrium temperature shortly. Also land is more sensitive to temperature change with respects to albedo. Thus it induces the thermal difference between land and sea. As a result, the equilibrium temperature exhibits differently as the difference of albedo and heat capacity which are the one of surface characteristics. Surface equilibrium temperature decreases as albedo increase and the ratio of temperature change is large as heat capacity is small. The decreasing of surface equilibrium temperature with respects to increasing of linear albedo is accelerated by ice-albedo feedback. However local change of surface equilibrium temperature decreases non-linearly.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.1002-1007
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• 2009

The research are performed to check the characteristics of the ice slurry transport system for the district cooling. The system are installed at the 1st floored building which is as large as the $1204\;m^2$ ($86\;m{\times}14\;m$). Three kinds of heat exchanger are selected, such as, plate, spiral and shell & tube type, to apply to the ice slurry systems. Experiment was done in the two cases. The first case, circulation water flow fixed at the design conditions for the state to change the flow of the supply of ice slurry. The second case, Ice slurry flow fixed at the design conditions for the state to change the flow of circulation water. Both side of Energy balance was calculated. The performance of plate heat exchanger is higher than others and it's enthalpy effectiveness is higher too.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.3196-3206
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• 2021

For the Korean design of the PCCS (passive containment cooling system) in an innovative PWR, the overall thermal resistance around a condenser tube is dominated by the heat transfer coefficient of steam condensation on the exterior surface. It has been reported, however, that the calculated heat transfer coefficients by thermal-hydraulic system codes were much lower than measured data in separate effect tests. In this study, a new empirical model of steam condensation in the presence of a noncondensable gas was implemented into the MARS-KS 1.4 code to replace the conventional Colburn-Hougen model. The selected correlation had been developed from condensation test data obtained at the JERICHO (JNU Experimental Rig for Investigation of Condensation Heat transfer On tube) facility, and considered the effect of the Grashof number for naturally circulating gas mixture and the curvature of the condenser tube. The modified MARS-KS code was applied to simulate the transient response of the containment equipped with the PCCS to the large-break loss-of-coolant accident. The heat removal performances of the PCCS and corresponding evolution of the containment pressure were compared to those calculated via the original model. Various thermal-hydraulic parameters associated with the natural circulation operation through the heat transport circuit were also investigated.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1309-1320
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• 2006

The linear instability of reacting shear flow is analyzed with special emphasis on the effects of the heat release and variable transport properties. Both analytic profiles and laminar solutions of the boundary-layer equations are used as base flows. The growth rates of the instabilities are sensitive to the laminar profiles, differing by more than a factor of 2 according to which profile is used. Thus, it is important to base the analysis on accurate laminar profiles. Accounting for variable transport properties also changes the mean profiles considerably, and so including them in the computation of the laminar profiles is equally important. At larger heat release, two modes that are stronger in the outer part of the shear layer have the highest growth rates; they also have shorter wavelengths than the center mode.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.143-147
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• 2013

Geothermal energy is easy to take advantage of renewable energy stored in the earth and the heat exchanger can be collected through a heat exchange piping system. In this study, have been developed a heat exchange pipe loop system which it could be installed in tunnel segmental linings to collect geothermal energy around the tunnel. The heat exchange pipe loop system incorporated in the tunnel segments circulate fluid to transport with heat from the surrounding ground and the heat can be used for heating and cooling of nearby structures or districts. The segmental lining incorporating heat exchange pipe loop system are called as ELS (Energy Lining Segment). There are a number of examples incorporating a heat exchange pipe loop system in a tunnel lining in Europe. In this study, a field case using Energy Lining Segment in Germany and applications in urban area are thoroughly examined. In addition, a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis was carried out to investigate heat flow in Energy Lining Segment.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.68 no.4
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• pp.459-473
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• 2018

Temperature fields and temperature deformations induced by time-varying solar radiation, shadow, and heat exchange are of great importance for the ride safety and quality of the maglev system. Accurate evaluations of their effects on the dynamic performances are necessary to avoid unexpected loss of service performance. This paper presents a numerical approach to determine temperature effects on the maglev train/guideway interaction system. Heat flux density and heat transfer coefficient of different components of a 25 m simply supported concrete guideway on Shanghai High-speed Maglev Commercial Operation Line is calculated, and an appropriate section mesh is used to consider the time-varying shadow on guideway surfaces. Based on the heat-stress coupled technology, temperature distributions and deformation fields of the guideway are then computed via Finite Element method. Combining guideway irregularities and thermal deformations as the external excitations, a numerical maglev train/guideway interaction model is proposed to analyze the temperature effect. The responses comparison including and excluding temperature effect indicates that the temperature deformation plays an important role in amplifying the response of a running maglev, and the parameter analysis results suggest that climatic and environmental factors significantly affect the temperature effects on the coupled maglev system.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.645-650
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• 2006

The heat transfer performance and energy transport ability are relatively high due to higher specific heat. Therefore, it can be used in fields such as heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, refrigeration and heat exchangers. In this study, liquid-cooling heat exchangers were designed and tested by varying geometry and operating conditions. In addition, liquid-cooling heat exchangers were tested to provide performance data for MPCM slurry. The liquid-cooling heat exchangers had twelve rectangular channels with flow paths of 1, 2, 4 and 12. Silicon rubber heaters were used to control the heat load to the heat exchanger. Heat input ranged from 293 to 800 W, and inlet temperatures of working fluid varied from 15S to $27^{\circ}C$. The standard deviation of surface temperature was strongly affected by the coolant of MPCM Slurry, All MPCM-cooling heat exchangers showed higher cooling performance than the water-cooling heat exchanger except one path channel heat exchanger.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2004

Performance of the water/air direct contact air conditioning system, in which heat and mass are directly transferred between air and water droplet, is simulated using semi-empirical method. Direct contact system improves transport efficiency compared to conventional indirect contact system. In this study, correlations for h$_{c}$A / c$_{pm}$ which represent the capacity of direct contact system are derived as a function of air and water flowrate from the experimental data. Cooling and heating performance of the water/air direct contact air conditioning system are evaluated using these correlations.ons.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.380-394
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• 1998

A numerical study has been performed to predict the characteristics on the transient operation of the heat pipe with multiple heaters for electronic cooling. The model of the heat pipe was composed of the evaporator section with four heaters, insulated transport section, and the condensor section with a conductor which is cooled with uniform heat flux condition to surrounding. The governing equations and the boundary conditions were solved by the generalized PHOENICS computational code employing the finite volume method. Two test cases are investigated in present study; Case 1 indicates that the 1st and 2nd heaters among four heating sources are heated off, while the 3rd and 4th heaters are heated on. Case 2 is the inverse situation switched from heating location of Case 1. The results show that the transient time to reach the steady state is shorter for Case 1 than for Case 2. Especially, the temperature difference of the heater during switching operation is relatively small compared to the maximum allowable operating temperature difference in electronic system. Hence, it is predicted that the heat pipe in present study operates with thermally good reliability even for switching the heaters.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.422-430
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• 2001

In the present study, an evaporative generation process of ammonia-water solution film on the vertical plate was analysed. For the utilization of waste heat, hot water of low temperature was used as the heat source. The continuity, momentum, energy and diffusion equations for the solution film and vapor mixture were formulated in integral forms and solved numerically. Counter-current solution-vapor flow resulted in the refrigerant vapor of the higher ammonia concentration than that of co-current flow. Eve the rectification of refrigerant vapor was observed near the inlet of solution film in counter-current flow. For the optimum operation of generator using hot water, numerical experiments, based on the heat exchange and generation efficiencies. revealed the inter-relationships among the Reynolds number of the solution film and hot water, and the length of generator. Enhancement of heat and mass transport in the solution film was found to be very effective for the improvement of generation performance, especially at high solution flow rate.