• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2013

Recently, many vehicles have applied electric parts for saving fuel consumption and reducing levels of environmental pollution. ISG (integrated starter & generator) is one of main electric parts and can improve fuel efficiency by using idle stop & go function and regenerative braking system. However, if ISG driving inverter works under the continuously high load condition, it will make the performance and durability of the inverter decreased with rising temperature. In this study, we carried out the analysis on the fluid flow and thermal characteristics of the inverter. As a result, we found the MOSFET of the air cooled inverter was increased up to $116^{\circ}C$ over the limit temperature. On the other hand, the liquid cooled type inverter's MOSFET was decreased by about $17^{\circ}C$ compared to that of the air cooled inverter. Therefore, we verified the feasibility of the liquid cooled type using the present cooling structure.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to make an economic analysis(Life cycle cost) of selecting optimal air conditioning system for a research building which is 8 stories with a total floor area of $32,010m^2$. Energy consumptions of three proposed air-conditioning systems(Alt-1,2,3) that reflect the government green-growth policy are calculated and compared. The results show that life cycle cost of Alt-3(Ventilation DX AHU+EHP) is less than Alt-1(EHP+ventilation DX AHU) by 5.1%, and Alt-2(Absorption chiller/heater+EHP) by 34.3%. Annual energy consumption of Alt-3 is less than Alt-1 by 9.9%, and Alt-2 by 37.4%. Annual $CO_2$ emission of Alt-3 is less than Alt-1 by 9.9%, and Alt-2 by 0.2%.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.164-169
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• 2001

The active magnetic bearing has many advantages - an active positioning, no contact and lubrication free motion - and is widely used in high precision motion stages. But, the conventional magnetic bearings composed of electromagnets only are power consuming due to their bias current and have the excessive heat generation, which can make the repeatability of the positioning system worse. To overcome this drawback, we developed a novel permanent magnet (PM) biased linear magnetic bearing for a high precision magnetically levitated stage. The permanent magnets provide a bias flux and generate a bias force, and the electromagnet increases or reduces a flux of the permanent magnets and gives a levitation force. This paper presents a theoretical magnetic circuit analysis, FEM analysis and experimental data from the 1-DOF tests, and compares the theoretical power consumption of the electromagnetic bearings and the PM biased linear magnetic bearings. The PM biased linear magnetic bearing presented in this paper gives better load capacity but lower power consumption than a conventional electromagnetic bearing and will be adopted in our 6-DOF high precision linear positioning maglev stage.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.1063-1066
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• 2003

This paper presents the design and characteristics analysis of axial-flux permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous generator of two air-gap. Dual axial-flux type PM synchronous generator commonly appears in applications where the generator axial dimension is more limited than the radial dimension. The strengths of dual axial-flux generator include ; (1) by employing two air-gaps, the rotor-stator attractive forces are balanced and no net axial or thrust load appeals on the generator hearings ; (2) heat produced by the stator windings appears on the outside of the generator, making it relatively easy to remove, and so on. In this paper, the simple magnetic equivalent circuit approach is used for initial design iteration, and the finite-element method is applied to analyze the detailed characteristics. The test results of driving characteristics are presented as well. The results are very similar to predicted performance of design.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.173-185
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• 2019

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations of aluminum tubular members subjected to combined bending and web crippling. A series of tests was performed on square hollow sections (SHS) fabricated by extrusion using 6061-T6 heat-treated aluminum alloy. Different specimen lengths were tested to obtain the interaction relationship between moment and concentrated load. The non-linear finite element models were developed and verified against the experimental results obtained in this study and test data from existing literature for aluminum tubular sections subjected to pure bending, pure web crippling, and combined bending and web crippling. Geometric and material non-linearities were included in the finite element models. The finite element models closely predicted the strengths and failure modes of the tested specimens. Hence, the models were used for an extensive parametric study of cross-section geometries, and the web slenderness values ranged from 6.0 to 86.2. The combined bending and web crippling test results and strengths predicted from the finite element analysis were compared with the design strengths obtained using the current American Specification, Australian/New Zealand Standard and European Code for aluminum structures. The findings suggest that the current specifications are either quite conservative or unconservative for aluminum square hollow sections subjected to combined bending and web crippling. Hence, a bending and web crippling interaction equation for aluminum square hollow section specimens is proposed in this paper.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

This paper presents characteristics analysis of persistent current switch(PCS) system on a small scale by using YBCO coated conductor(CC). A high temperature superconductor(HTS) PCS system mainly consists of a PCS, a HTS magnet load and a magnet power supply(MPS). To design the optimal heater triggering switch. the three-dimensional heat conduction model was analyzed by finite element method(FEM). The electrical equivalent model considering the n-value of CC was applied to analyze current decay during persistent current mode. In the experiment and simulation, the heater was applied with a current of 0.43A and the current was ramped up to 10A and 20A with 0.2A/s. Finally, experimental results of the HTS PCS system have been compared with the theoretical results. It has been concluded that flux creep can not influence the results because the operating current was 40% of critical current and optimal sequential operation of the PCS system is indispensable to enhance its performance.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-49
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• 2023

The present study proposes a theoretical and numerical investigation on the dynamic response behaviour of a functional graded (FG) ceramic-metal tapered rotor shaft system, by the differential quadrature finite elements method (DQFEM) to identify the natural frequencies for modelling and analysis of the structure with suitable validations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of heat gradients on the natural frequency of rotation of FG shafts via three-dimensional solid elements, as well as a theoretical examination using the Timoshenko beam mode, which took into account the gyroscopic effect and rotational inertia. The functionally graded material's distribution is described by two distribution laws: the power law and the exponential law. To simulate varied thermal conditions, radial temperature distributions are obtained using the nonlinear temperature distribution (NLTD) and exponential temperature distribution (ETD) approaches. This work deals with the results of the effect on the fundamental frequencies of different material's laws gradation and temperature gradients distributions. Attempts are conducted to identify adequate explanations for the behaviours based on material characteristics. The effect of taper angle and material distribution on the dynamic behaviour of the FG conical rotor system is discussed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.581-586
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• 2015

In this study, an analysis was performed on the performance of the solar water heating system with geo-thermal heat pump for a detached house. This system has a flat plate solar collector ($8\;m^2$) and a 3 RT heat pump. The heat pump acts as an auxiliary heater of the solar water heating system. These systems were installed at four individual houses with the same area of $100\;m^2$. The monitoring results for one year are as follows. (1) The average daily operating time of the solar system appeared to be 313 minutes in spring (intermediate season), and 135 minutes and 76 minutes in winter and summer respectively. The reason for the short operating time in summer is the high storage temperature due to low water heating load. The high storage temperature is caused by a decrease in collecting efficiency as well as by overheating. (2) The geothermal heat pump as an auxiliary heater mainly operates on days of poor insolation during the winter season. (3) Despite controlling for total house area, hot water consumption varies greatly according to the number of people in the family, hot water usage habits, etc. (4) The yearly solar fraction was 69.8 to 91.5 percent, which exceeds the maximum value of 80% as recommended by ASHRAE. So the solar collector area of $8\;m^2$ appeared to be somewhat greater for the house with an area of $100\;m^2$. (5) The observed annual efficiency of solar systems was relatively low at 13.5 to 23.6%, which was analyzed to be due to the decrease in thermal efficiency and the overheating caused by a high solar fraction.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 전산유체역학 해석을 이용하여 알루미늄 피라미드 트러스 심재 샌드위치의 열유동 특성을 분석하였다. 규칙적 다공질 금속인 피라미드 트러스 코어를 샌드위치 구조물에 채용할 경우 공기 매질이 자유롭게 유입, 유출될 수 있는 개방형 코어인 점을 고려하여 하중을 지지할 수 있는 구조성능과 함께 방열체로서 다기능성을 구현할 수 있는 구조가 된다. 따라서, 유입되는 공기의 속도변화, 설계변수인 트러스각에 따른 압력강하와 열전달 메카니즘을 확인하기 위해 ANSYS/Fluent를 이용하여 수치해석을 실시하였다. 해석모델에 사용된 샌드위치 패널은 알루미늄으로 이루어져 있으며, 샌드위치 패널의 위 면재와 아래 면재 사이에는 15개의 피라미드 트러스 유닛셀이 반복되고 있다. 폭 방향으로는 무한히 넓은 유닛셀을 모사하기 위해 대칭조건을 지정하였으며, 입구에는 균일한 속도분포를 경계조건으로 입력하였다. 해석결과 입구부와 첫 유닛셀까지의 구간에서 입구영향이 관찰되었으며, 입구영향을 배제하고 마찰계수와 누셀수를 분석하였다. 공기의 속도가 증가할수록 마찰계수는 감소하였으며, 누셀수는 증가하는 경향을 보인다. 한편, V=1m/s에서 5m/s에서의 마찰계수와 누셀수 변화가 확연하였으며, 이는 층류에서 난류로 유동패턴이 변하기 때문에 거시적으로 열전도보다 대류열전달의 비중이 커졌기 때문이다. 또한, 설계변수인 트러스각에 대해서는 의미가 있을 정도의 마찰계수와 누셀수의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서, 트러스각이 강도, 강성 등 구조성능에 민감한 점을 감안하면 다기능성을 염두에 둔 알루미늄 피라미드트러스 심재 설계 시 설계변수의 변화는 구조성능에 더 민감할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.584-592
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• 2024

연구목적: 한파 상황에서 가장 우려되는 것은 배관 내부가 빈 상태인 건식 배관을 통해 초기에 공급되는 소화 용수가 엔탈피를 소모하게 되고 영하의 외기에 장시간 노출되어 있던 강관의 표면온도에 급속하게 가까워지면서 결빙될 수밖에 없다. 연구방법:따라서 연구는 이송 중에 얼음결정이 발생하고 그에 따라 소화 용수의 이송이 어렵게 되고 검토 결과 배관재 통과 열부하 경우 배관에서 주위로의 단위 길이 당 열손실은 0.946 kcal/m 나타났다. 연구 결과:주 배관의 용적을 구하면 지중 배관에서 영상 15도로 공급되는 소화 용수가 첫 분기 지점까지 도달하는데 3.33m³ 체적을 가지는 것으로 산정되었다. 이 체적이 영하에 도달할 때까지 필요한 전열을 구하면 316.350 kcal이 된다. 해당 결과를 관련 공식으로 연계 검토하면 강관의 첫 분기 지점까지의 소화 용수가 완전히 결빙하는데 소요되는 시간은 3,412초로 나타났다. 결론: 주 배관에서 분기 배관 및 노즐까지 영상의 상태로 도달하여야 하는 소화 용수는 이송 경로상에서 배관표면을 통한 열손실을 최소화하여야 한다. 이를 위해서 주 배관 및 분기 배관까지 단열을 보완할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 단열특성 분석을 통한 무기질의 퍼라이트(Perlite)재질 또는 난연성의 고무발포 보온재를 사용을 제안하였다.