• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.384-389
• /
• 2009

KEPRI (Korea Electric Power Research Institute) has studied planar type solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks using anode-supported cells and kW class co-generation systems for residential power generation. In this work, a 1 kW SOFC system consisted of a hot box part, a cold BOP (balance of plant) part, and a hot water reservoir. The hot box part contained a SOFC stack made up of 48 cells, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor, and heat exchangers. Thermal management and insulation system were especially designed for self-sustainable operation in that system. A cold BOP part was composed of blowers, pumps, a water trap, and system control units. When the 1 kW SOFC stack was tested using hydrogen at $750^{\circ}C$, the stack power was about $1.2\;kW_e$ at 30 A and $1.6\;kW_e$ at 50 A. Turning off an electric furnace, the SOFC system was operated using hydrogen and city gas without any external heat source. Under self-sustainable operation conditions, the stack power was about $1.3\;kW_e$ with hydrogen and $1.2\;kW_e$ with city gas respectively. The system also recuperated heat of about $1.1\;kW_{th}$ by making hot water.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.89-96
• /
• 2013

Green roofs can reduce surface water runoff, provide a habitat for wildlife moderate the urban heat island effect, improve building insulation and energy efficiency, improve the air quality, create aesthetic and amenity value, and preserve the roof's waterproofing. Green roofs are mainly divided into three types : intensive, simple-intensive, and extensive. Especially, extensive roof environment is a harsh one for plant growth; limited water availability, wide temperature fluctuations, high exposure to wind and solar radiation create highly stressed environment. This study, aimed at extensive green roof, was carried out on the rooftop of the library at Seoul Women's Univ. from October to November, 2012 and from March to August, 2013. To suggest the most effective vegetation model for biodiversity and heat island mitigation, surface temperatures were monitored by each vegetation model. We found that herbaceous plants of Aster sphathulifolius, Aceriphyllum rossii and Belamcanda chinensis, shrub of Syringa patula 'Miss Kim', Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica, Sedum species can mixing each other. Among them, the vegetation models including Sedum takesimense, Aster sphathulifolius, Thymus quinquecostatus var. japonica was more effective on the surface temperature mitigation, because the species have the tolerance and high ratio of covering, and also in water. Especially, in the treatment of bark mulching, they helped to increase the temperature of vegetation models. In the case of summer, temperature mitigation of vegetation models were no significant difference among vegetation types. Compared to surface temperature of June, July and August were apparent impact of temperature mitigation, it shows that temperature mitigation are strongly influenced by substrate water content.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.196-202
• /
• 2020

The air vent connected to a heat supply pipeline in the district heating system has been used to eliminate the existing air in the pipe, which has a detrimental effect on corrosion durability and heat efficiency. Recently, the air vent installed under a manhole for 22 years was corroded and several pinholes were detected in the front-end of the air vent. To identify the cause of the failure, thickness reduction, corrosion products, and water quality were examined. The corrosion damage was significant at the outside of the front-end of the air vent where the insulator was covered. While a thin oxide layer was formed in the interior of the tube, the coarse and porous corrosion products consisting of magnetite and hematite were found externally. Water flowing into the thermal insulator was absorbed by the insulator following hydrolysis. The hydrolyzed insulator ejected the corrosion factors such as Cl^-, SO₄^2-, and NH₄⁺. The findings suggest that the corrosion under insulation due to rain water is the main cause of the underlying failure in the air vent.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.483-488
• /
• 2016

In this study, we chose the rural house as a standard model. In order to review the energy difference of cooling and heating loads, we changed the thermal transmittance standards. By using the thermal transmittance standard in 2011 as the Basic CASE, the thermal transmittance standard in 2013 as well as 2016, and the thermal transmittance standard of passive houses, we compared the results with regard to the cooling and heating energy load. Because of the heat loss, it can be confirmed that with an improved thermal performance of the building structure, the maximum increase of the cooling energy load was 36 kWh from June to September. Because of the heat loss, it was also confirmed that with the improved thermal performance of a building structure, the maximum decrease of the heating energy load is 1,498 kWh from November to April. Even though the heat loss of the building structure could decrease the cooling energy load by improving thermal transmittance standards in Korea, the energy saving performance is worse than the situation of heating energy load in heating period. Compared with CASE 1 and CASE 2, as well as CASE 1 and CASE 3, we CASE 3 was found to have the best energy saving rate when compared to the other cases : CASE 3 increased by 1,452 kWh and CASE 2 by 588 kWh, because the window thermal transmittance standard of 2016 was added.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2006

국내에서는 현재 샌드위치패널의 화재안전성능 평가를 위하여 KS F 2271(건축물의 내장재료 및 구조의 난연성 시험방법)을 사용하고 있다. 국내와 동일한 시험방법을 사용하고 있던 일본에서는 2000년 건축기준법 개정시 ISO 5660-1 시험방법을 내장재의 연소성능시험으로 채택하였다. 그에 따라 국내에서도 KS F 2271 시험방법을 보완하는 건축법 개정고시(안)을 예고하였고, 그 내용은 ISO 5660-1(Cone Calorimeter Method) 시험방법을 도입하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 샌드위치패널의 연소특성을 ISO 5660-1 콘칼로리미터 시험방법을 사용하여 검토하였다. 국내에서 일반적으로 사용되는 4종의 샌드위치패널과 4종의 심재(단열재)의 착화시간, 최대열방출율, 총 열방출량을 검토하였으며, 시험체별 시험결과를 분석하였다. 최종적으로 일본과 NBC개정안에서 제시하는 분류기준에 시험결과를 적용하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.395-404
• /
• 2019

Aluminum nitride (AlN) has excellent electrical insulation property, high thermal conductivity, and a low thermal expansion coefficient; therefore, it is widely used as a heat sink, heat-conductive filler, and heat dissipation substrate. However, it is well known that the AlN-based materials have disadvantages such as low sinterability and poor mechanical properties. In this study, the effects of addition of various amounts (1-6 wt.%) of sintering additives $Y_2O_3$ and $Sm_2O_3$ on the thermal and mechanical properties of AlN samples pressureless sintered at $1850^{\circ}C$ in an $N_2$ atmosphere for a holding time of 2 h are examined. All AlN samples exhibit relative densities of more than 97%. It showed that the higher thermal conductivity as the $Y_2O_3$ content increased than the $Sm_2O_3$ additive, whereas all AlN samples exhibited higher mechanical properties as $Sm_2O_3$ content increased. The formation of secondary phases by reaction of $Y_2O_3$, $Sm_2O_3$ with oxygen from AlN lattice influenced the thermal and mechanical properties of AlN samples due to the reaction of the oxygen contents in AlN lattice.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2019

한국의 2016년 화장률은 82.7%로 1994년의 20.5%보다 4배나 높았다. 화장률이 점차 증가함에 따라 화장시설이 부족해지면서 화장률이 높아질수록 화장시설의 증설이 요구되고 있으며, 또한 화장로의 장기간 작동에 따라 많은 양의 연료가 사용되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 화장로의 열효율 특성을 최적화하고, 증가하는 화장에 대한 요구에 대응하는 화장 시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문의 목적은 전산 유체 역학(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)을 사용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행함으로써 열전달 계수를 포함한 열흐름 특성을 조사하는 것이다. CFD 모델은 화장시설에 대한 현장 실험으로 검증되었다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 주 연소기에서 연료 소비가 거의 25% 감소하고 체류 시간이 증가했다. 시뮬레이션을 토대로 개량된 연소기, 열교환기, 2차 연소 공기 시스템, 내화 및 단열재를 사용하여 개선된 화장로를 구성하였다. 현장실험 결과 에너지 소비가 약 54.4%로 줄어들었으며 연소 시간이 거의 20 min 단축되었다.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2023

Many government in the world have conducted building energy performance certification program to reduce building energy consumption. In this study, a reference building and its HVAC system was modeled, and the energy load and consumption were estimated by the ECO2 program. The software is a simple building energy simulation program based on monthly calculated method. The building energy efficiency rating the the reference building was 1+ under baseline condition. The simulation results showed that the insulation performance slightly affected building energy load and consumption, but light density had a significant effect on them. The application of geothermal heat pumps gave improvement of building energy efficiency rating but it could not make it possible to get zero energy building(ZEB) certification. The ZEB 5 certification could be achieved by using photovoltaics, however getting better grade was difficult. The simulation results showed that the ZEB 4 certification, one grade higher than ZEB 5, could be attained by using more than one renewable energy source such as geothermal and solar energy in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제27권7호
• /
• pp.1050-1056
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the main factors influencing digester temperature and methods to reduce heat losses during the cold season in the subtropics. Four composite digesters (two insulated and two uninsulated) were buried underground to measure their internal temperature ($^{\circ}C$) at a depth of 140 cm and 180 cm, biogas production and methane ($CH_4$) concentration in biogas from August to February. In parallel the temperature of the air (100 cm above ground), in the slurry mixing tank and in the soil (10, 100, 140, and 180 cm depth) was measured by thermocouple. The influent amount was measured daily and the influent chemical composition was measured monthly during the whole experimental period. Seasonal variations in air temperature significantly affected the temperature in the soil, mixing tank and digester. Consequently, biogas production, which is temperature dependent, was influenced by the season. The main factors determining the internal temperature in the digesters were insulation with Styrofoam, air temperature and temperature of slurry in the mixing tank. Biogas production is low due to the cold climate conditions in winter in Northern Vietnam, but the study proved that storing slurry in the mixing tank until its temperature peak at around 14:00 h will increase the temperature in the digester and thus increase potential biogas production. Algorithms are provided linking digester temperature to the temperature of slurry in the mixing tank.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 2015

발전소에서 설치 운영 중이 전력 케이블 시스템에서 사고가 발생함으로써 초래되는 경제적 손실은 매우 클 뿐만이 아니라, 원상 복구하는 데 많은 시간과 비용이 필요하다. 이를 대비하기 위하여 사고를 예측하고 방지하는 기술이 필요하다. 우리는 발전소에서 운전 중인 케이블의 절연 저항을 측정하기 위하여 부하 전류와 온도와의 상관 관계를 확인 하였고, 진단 데이터를 분석 평가함으로써 케이블 시스템의 열화 상태를 파악하여 사고가 발생하기 전에 케이블 교체를 할 수 시기를 예측하게 하였다. 이 논문에서 우리는 운전 중인 6.6 kV 케이블에서 부하 전류가 수명에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구한 결과를 소개한다. 케이블의 부하에 전류가 흐르면, 도체에 열이 발생하게 되고 케이블의 수명이 감소된다. 케이블의 부하 전류가 수명에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수명 이론을 적용함으로써 절연저항 및 전류 측정 장치를 개발하여 운전 중인 케이블에 설치하였다.