• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate and estimate timing of artificial insemination (AI) in Hanwoo heifer (Korean native cattle) that is the most popular breed of beef cattle in Korea. To determine changes in body weight of heifers around AI, body weight were measured at different stages either before or after AI. We found that daily body weight gain was higher in the pregnant cows after AI. We also investigate correlation between body mass measured by shoulder height and body length, and conception rates, used (body length+ height)2 instead of height2 for body mass index (BMI), and found that relatively more BMI heifers (>55) showed higher conception rates. Finally, we estimated body weight by measuring should height (SH), heart girth (HG), and body length (BL); $BW=3.93372^*HG-2.90985^*SH-0.021^*BL$. In addition, we observed that HG is most closely correlated with BW; $y(BW)=1.77355^*x(HG)$, $R^2=0.98881$. In summary, we can determine the best timing of AI using body measurement and its application including BMI.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2018

Purpose: With increasing life expectancy, the presence of comorbidities has become a major concern in elderly patients who require surgery. However, little is known about the impact of different comorbidities on the outcomes of laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG). In this study, we investigated the impact of comorbidities on postoperative complications in patients undergoing LTG for gastric carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 303 consecutive patients who underwent LTG for gastric carcinoma between 2005 and 2016. The associations between each comorbidity and postoperative complications were assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 189 patients (62.4%) had one or more comorbidities. Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (37.0%), followed by diabetes mellitus (17.8%), chronic viral hepatitis (2.6%), liver cirrhosis (2.6%), and pulmonary (27.1%), ischemic heart (3.3%), and cerebrovascular diseases (2.3%). The overall postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 20.1% and 1.0%, respectively. Patients with pulmonary disease significantly showed higher complication rates than those without comorbidities (32.9% vs. 14.9%, respectively, P=0.003); patient with other comorbidities showed no significant difference in the incidence of LTG-related complications. During univariate and multivariate analyses, pulmonary disease was found to be an independent predictive factor for postoperative complications (odds ratio, 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-4.64), along with old age and intraoperative bleeding. Conclusions: Among the various comorbidities investigated, patients with pulmonary disease had a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications after LTG. Proper perioperative care for optimizing pulmonary function may be required for patients with pulmonary disease.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2018

Objective : Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) has proven useful in the study of the natural history of ischemic stroke. However, the potential of DW-MRI for the evaluation of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has not been established. In this study, we investigated DW-MRI findings of CSDH and evaluated the impact of the image findings on postoperative outcomes of CSDH. Methods : We studied 131 CSDH patients who had undergone single burr hole drainage surgery. The images of the subdural hematomas on preoperative DW-MRI and computed tomography (CT) were divided into three groups based on their signal intensity and density : 1) homogeneous (iso or low) density on CT and homogeneous low signal intensity on DW-MRI; 2) homogeneous (iso or low) density on CT and mixed signal intensity on DW-MRI; and 3) heterogeneous density on CT and mixed signal intensity on DW-MRI. On the basis of postoperative CT, we also divided the patients into 3 groups of surgical outcomes according to residual hematoma and mass effect. Results : Analysis showed statistically significant differences in surgical (A to B : p<0.001, A to C : p<0.001, B to C : p=0.129) and functional (A to B : p=0.039, A to C : p<0.001, B to C : p=0.108) outcomes and treatment failure rates (A to B : p=0.037, A to C : p=0.03, B to C : p=1) between the study groups. In particular, group B and group C showed worse outcomes and higher treatment failure rates than group A. Conclusion : CSDH with homogeneous density on CT was characterized by signal intensity on DW-MRI. In CSDH patients, performing DW-MRI as well as CT helps to predict postoperative treatment failure or complications.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.20-24
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• 2014

Purpose: The temperature of a warm fluid infused into a patient is lowered because the line that allows the fluid to be infused into the patient is exposed to room air. This study evaluated the effects of aluminum foil used as an insulator surrounding the fluid infusion lines when using warm crystalloid fluids to treat traumatic shock patients. Methods: The study measured the differences in fluid temperature between infusion lines with and without the aluminum-foil insulation. We used 1L of normal saline at $40^{\circ}C$ as the infusion fluid, and the fluid infusion line was 200 cm long. The differences in temperature were measured for various fluid flow rates from 12,000 mL/min to 100 mL/min. We performed three experiments at each flow rate. Results: The results showed the differences in temperature between the groups with and without the aluminum insulation were significant for flow rates above 100 mL/min. Conclusion: Hypothermia in trauma patients results in many adverse complications such as peripheral vascular constriction, tissue hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, heart dysfunction and so on. Thus, the use of warm fluids and blood components is essential to reduce the probability of hypothermia. This study showed the aluminum foil wrapped around the infusion line had an insulator effect. As a result, such a wrapping can be used to avoid the adverse effects of hypothermia.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.303-314
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• 1984

In order to study the safety of ginseng ingested as a food substance, rats were fed ginseng added feed (subgroup 1: 0.625g/kg feed; subgroup 2: 1.25g/kg feed; subgroup 3: 2.5g/kg feed) for periods up to 6 months. Growth rates, blood composition, blood cell counts, and histopathological studies were carried out on both the control and test animals to study the effect of ingested ginseng. Following results were obtained: 1. The growth rates of the test and control animals were similar with the exception of the subgroup 3 in the 2-month fed animals who had a lower weight gain, and the subgroup 2 in the 4-month fed group who had a higher weight gain than the controls. 2. Liver, spleen, kidney, brain, lung and heart weights were similar between the test and the controls. 3. RBC, WBC, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values were similar between the test and control animals. the blood composition determination showed a similar level of alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, S-GOT, free cholesterol between the test and controls. However, free fatty acid, total lipid and S-GPT levels decreased while phospholipid, total protein, and HDL-cholesterol levels tended to increase. 4. Fl, F2 generations showed no abnormai values in blood count, organ weight and external appearance. 5. No histopathological differences were observed between the test and control animals even after a long-term administration of ginseng. However, there was evidence that ginseng promotes hematopoiesis in test animals. 6. These results suggest that ginseng is not only safe as a food substance but may indeed strengthen the body and help-prevent diseases of old age.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2001

Objectives : To develop a model that will predict the mortality of patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) and evaluate the perfermance of hospitals. Methods : Data from 564 CABGs peformed in six general hospitals were collected through medical record abstraction by registered nurses. Variables studied involved risk factors determined by severity measures. Risk modeling was performed through logistic repression and validated with cross-validation. The statistical performance of the developed model was evaluated using c-statistic, $R^2$, and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. Hospital performance was assessed by severity-adjusted mortalities. Results : The developed model included age, sex, BUN, EKG rhythm, Congestive Heart Failure at admission. acute mental change within 24 hours, and previous angina pectoris history. The c-statistic and $R^2$ were 0.791 and 0.001, respectively. Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic was 10.3(p value=0.2415). One hospital had a significantly higher mortality rate than the average mortality rate, while others were net significantly different. Conclusion : Comparing the quality of service by severity adjusted mortality rates, there were significant differences in hospital performance. The severity adjusted mortality rate of CABG surgery may He an indicator for evaluating hospital performance in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1986

줄넘기 운동의 신체 단련 효과를 측정하기 위하여 사병 9명에게 9주 동안 규칙적으로 줄넘기 운동을 시키면서 심폐기능의 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 효과를 측정하기 위해 부하한 운동은 줄넘기, 40 cm 및 45 cm 높이의 계단운동이었다. 1) 심장박동수는 단련에 의해 안정시와 운동후 회복기 전 시간대를 통해 매우 유의하게 감소하였으며 효과는 단련 시작 1주후부터 나타났다. 2) 단편으로 수축기 동맥혈압은 안정시와 회복기 전 시간대에서 거의 유사하게 감소하였는데 이러한 효과는 단련 한달경부터 나타났다. 3) 회복기의 호흡회수는 단련에 의해 별 변화가 없었으나 단지 줄넘기 운동 회복 초기에만 유의하게 감소하였다. 4) 심폐기능 상의 단련 효과는 검사시 부하하는 운동량이 경할수록 더욱 뚜렷하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 9주간의 줄넘기 운동으로 심폐기능 특히 심장순환계 기능에 뚜렷한 향상이 온다고 할 수 있겠다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2011

Background: Mature autogenous arteriovenous fistulas have better long term patency and require fewer secondary interventions compared to arteriovenous prosthetic graft. Our Study evaluated vascular patency rates and incidence of interventions in autogenous arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. Material and Methods: A total of 166 vascular access operations were performed in 153 patients between December 2002 and November 2009. Thirty seven caeses were excluded due to primary access failure and loss of follow-up. One group of 92 autogenous arterioveous fistulas and the other group of 37 arteriovenous prosthetic grafts were evaluated retrospectively. Primary and secondary patency rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The primary patency rate (84%, 67%, 51% vs. 51%, 22%, 9% at 1, 3, 5 year; p=0.0000) and secondary patency rate (96%, 88%, 68% vs. 88%, 65%, 16% at 1, 3, 5 year; p=0.0009) were better in autogenous fistula group than prosthetic graft group. Interventions to maintain secondary patency were required in 23% of the autogenous fistula group (average 0.06 procedures/patient/year) and 65% of prosthetic graft group (average 0.21 procedures/patient/year). So the autogenous fistula group had fewer intervention rate than prosthetic graft group (p=0.01) The risk factor of primary patency was diabetus combined with ischemic heart disease and the secondary patency's risk factor was age. Conclusion: Autogenous arteriovenous fistulas showed better performance compared to prosthetic grafts in terms of primary & secondary patency and incidence of interventions.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1485-1496
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• 2006

Various kinds of related parameters on hypertension such as anti-oxygen effect, ACE, weight of body, hwart and kidney, blood pressure, heartbeat rates, contents of aldosterone, catecholamine, change rates, of plasma constituents, uric acid, BUN, creatinine were determined to verify the effects on hypertension by Kamisamul-tang (KSMT). And the results are concluded as follows. KSMT did not show any cytotoxicity at the range of concentration (1-250 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$) on the human fibroblast cell (hFCs). KSMT decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DPPH generation depending on the concentration. KSMT significantly inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) activity depending on the concentration compared with control. KSMT maintained body weight of body, heat and kidney nearly normal group in hypertensive rat induced by DOCA-salt. KSMT significantly blood pressure and heart beat rate compared with control in hypertensive rat induced by DOCA-salt. KSMT significantly decreased aldosterone, dopamine, norepineph- rine, epinephrine compared with control in hypertensive rat induced by DOCA-salt. KSMT significantly decreased the level of potassium and cloride compared with control wheareas increased that of calcium significantly in hypertensive rat induced by DOCA-salt. KSMT significantly decreased the level of uric acid and BUN compared with control in hypertensive rat induced by DOCA-salt. It is verified experimentally tat Kamisamultang(KMST) which has been used broadly as a clinical therapeutics in oriental medicine is effective for anti-hypertension mechanism. And it could be applied to develope the reliable prescriptions for anti-hypertension in the future.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.316-321
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• 1995

All the pharmacological studies of LB17522 described here were carried out with high doses (fifteen to sixty times of the therapeutic dose) to determine an indication of potential side effects in clinical use in terms of the acute clinical signs, cardiovascular and central nervous system. LB10522 does not produce any observable clinical signs except for the symptoms such as moist eye, skin rash, slight salivation, vomitting, and slightly reduced activity. The effects of LB10522 on the hemodynamics and cardiac function of anesthetized beagle dogs are as follows; heart rates and mean arterial blood pressure had a tendency to increase mildly, which is a normal finding in anesthetized dogs. All the animals except for one showed relatively stable respiratory rates throughout the observation period. Each animal treated with LB10522 showed slight increase in the left cardiac work and left ventricular stroke work which are mainly related to corresponding increases in cardiac output. Femoral blood flow were shown to be increased in some animals treated with LB10522. The epileptogenic activities of various cephalosporins were assessed by a direct intracerebral injection of appropriate concentration of test articles. The CD$_{50}$ values (nmol) obtained from the analysis of the dose-response data are as follows; 78.2, 175.3, 156.3, and 53.5 for cefazolin, cephaloridine, ceftazidime, and LB 10522, respectively. LB10522 seems to be equipotent with cefazolin or to be three times more potent than cephaloridine and ceftazidime in causing adverse CNS stimulation. Taken into consideration all the information obtained, LB10522 is not supposed to induce much changes in the functions examined in these studies in man at therapeutic doses.s.