• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.237-250
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• 1999

In order to investigate the pharmacologic properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill(NSCH), effects of Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Pill (SCH) and NSCH were compared using various experimental models. In rat aorta, NSCH and SCH made the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10-6 M) regardless to endothelium containing or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presence of the inhibitors of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect significantly the relaxing effects of NSCH and SCH. NSCH and SCH inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NSCH and SCH decreased significantly heart rate. These, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effects that was a decrease of left ventricular developed pressure and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In guinea-pig papillary muscle, these had no effects on parameters of action potential such as action potential amplitude (APA), $V_{max}$ and resting membrane potential (RMP) at low doses, whereas inhibitory the cardiac contractility at high doses. Furthermore, these had a significant inhibitory effects on palpitation of the heart in normotensive rats and SHRs. These had a significant inhibitory effects on palpitation of the heart in normotensive rats and SHRs. These results suggest that NSCH and SCH have weak cardiovascular effects, and that there is no significant differences between cardiovascular effects of two preparations.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 1992

Alcoholic extract of seeds of Sesamum indicum (SI, 1-30mg/kg) caused hypotensive action in anesthetized rats. Heart rate was also decreased at slightly higher doses (10-30 mg/kg). Pretreatment with atropine (2 mg/kg) abolished these cardiovascular responses. In isolated spontaneously beating atria from guinea-pigs. SI caused decrease in force and rate of atrial contractions. In isolated guinea-pig ileum and rat uterus, SI (100-1000 ug/ml) produced contractile responses. All these actions of SI were abolished in the presence of atropine ($1\mu$M). These results indicate that alcoholic extract of seeds of Seamum indicum contains acetylcholine-like constituent(s) which explains some of the folkloric uses of plant.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.110-113
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• 2017

A 43-year-old man who had had a history of atrial septal defect (ASD) device closure 31 months previously presented with abrupt chest and back pain along with progressive cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. After resuscitation, he was diagnosed with cardiac tamponade. Diagnostic and therapeutic surgical exploration revealed left atrium (LA) perforation due to LA roof erosion from a deficient aortic rim. Device removal, primary repair of the LA perforation site, and ASD patch closure were performed successfully. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged after 6 weeks of empirical antibiotic therapy without any other significant complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 1979

Corrected transposition of great arteries associated with dextrocardia [I.D.D.] is a very rare congenital cardiac malformation in which the atria and ventricles are in discordant relation, as are the ventricles and great arteries, but the aorta is to the right of the pulmonary artery. A 13 year old male patient who complained cyanosis and dyspnea on exertion for 8 years, was diagnosed as congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries associated with dextrocardia [I.D.D.], large ventricular septal defect, patent foramen ovale and pulmonary stenosis. He was operated on Nov. 22 1978. The ventricular septal defect was closed with Teflon felt and the pulmonary hypoplasia was corrected with Rastelli operation successfully. On 34th postoperative days, complete heart block was occurred and permanent epicardial pacemaker was implanted with good result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2003

Cardiac atrium is now well-known as an endocrine organ which secretes atrial natriuretic peptide (AMP), participating in the regulation of body fluid and blood pressure. ANP is released mainly from cardiac muscle cells in response to various physiological and pathological conditions to induce atrial stretch. Ca$\^$2+/ may be one of the most important factors affecting ANP secretion even though controversy still persists. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and moxonidine on atrial hemodynamics and ANP secretion in hypertrophied atria. LPC is an endogenous phospholipid released from cell membrane during ischemia, and moxonidine is a imidazoline 1 (Il) receptor agonoist.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.110-113
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• 2002

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital hole in the atrial septum that allows flow between the two atria. Small ASDs are usually well-tolerated defects and do not result in significant clinical abnormalities. In large ASDs or in the presence of other cardiac defects, clinically significancy is increased. Atrial septal defects in 2 Dogs with cardiac and respiratory signs were diagnosed at seoul animal medical center. In ascultation, systolic murmur and the splitting of second heart sound were heard at pulmonary or tricuspid valve region. In radiograph, right-sided cardiomegaly, pulmonary artery dilation, increased pulmonary vasculature makings, and pleural effusion or pulmonary edema signs were observed. In echocardiography, the region, location and size of septal defect was identified. Also, the direction and degree of shunt was measured. These dogs were treated with medicine for cardiac failure. One dog is well-tolerated, the other dog died.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-38
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• 1969

1. The sensibility of Fluta alba Zuiew to acetylcholine is more than ten times as strong as that of Ophicephalus argus Cantor which has been ever known as the most sensitive material. Fluta alba Zuiew is, therefore, considered as the best material for the bioassay of acetylcholine. 2. 5-hydorxytryptamine accelerates very much the heart activity of Misgurnus mizolepis Gunther but inhibits that of Fluta alba. 3. The sensibility of Fluta alba to norepinephrine is more than a hundred times as strong as that to epinephrine.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.398-406
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• 2000

Background: Cardiac atrium is an endocrine gland secreting a family of natriuretic peptides. The secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) had been shown to be controlled by variable factors. The change in atrial dynamics have been considered as one of the most prominent stimuli for the stimulation of ANP secretion. Hypoxic stress has been shown to increase cardiac ANP secretion. However, the mechanism by which hypoxia increases ANP secretion cardiac ANP secretions. However, the mechanism by which hypoxia increases ANP secretion has not to be defined. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was tow-fold: to develop a protocol to defined the effect of hypoxia on ANP secretion in perfused beating rabbit atria and to clarify the mechanism responsible for the accentuation by hypoxia of ANP secretion. Material and Method: Experiments have been done in perfused beating rabbit atria. ANP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Result: Hypoxic stimulus with nitrogen decreased atrial stroke volume. The decrease in atrial stroke volume recovered basal level during the period of recovery with oxygen. ANP secretion and the concentration of perfusate ANP in terms of extracellular fluid(ECF) translocation which reflects the rate of myocytic release of ANP were increased by hypoxia and returned to basal levels during the recovery. Changes in ECF translocation paralleled by hypoxia and returned to basal levels during the recovery. Changes in ECF translocation paralleled to that of atrial stroke volume. At the start of recovery in atrial storke volume, ECF tranalocation incrased for several minutes. The above responses were stable and reproducible. Glibenclamide treatment prevented the recovery in atrial stroke volume. Increments by hypoxia of ANP secretion and ANP concentration were suppressed by glibenclamide. Conclusion: These results indicate that hypoxia incrased atrial myocytic ANP release and that the mechanism responsible for the accentuation is partially related to the change in K+ATP channel activity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1987

There is evidence that the effect of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ on heart rate is temperature-dependent: at $38^{\circ}C$ excess $Ca^{2+}$ induces positive chronotropic response, whereas at $30^{\circ}C$ there is no significant chronotropic effect of $Ca^{2+}$. The cause of this temperature-dependency, however, remains still unclear. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the chronotropic effect of external $Ca^{2+}$ at different temperature in the isolated rabbit atria and in the small strips of SA node cut perpendicularly to crista terminalis. In the isolated atria, the $Ca^{2+}$ effect was temperature-dependent: at $35^{\circ}C$ excess $Ca^{2+}$ evoked positive chronotropic response, while at $30^{\circ}C$ there was no significant changes in sinus rate. On the contrary, in the small SA strips external $Ca^{2+}$ induced negative chronotropic effect. At $35^{\circ}C$ changes in $Ca^{2+}$ concentration from 2 to 4, 6, and 10 mM decreased the sinus rate by $2.7{\pm}1.6%$, $11.2{\pm}3.7%$ and $23.2{\pm}8.1%$ respectively. Lowering the temperature to $30^{\circ}C$, the negative chronotropic effect of $Ca^{2+}$ became greater. With intracellular microelectrodes transmembrane potential was recorded in the small SA strips at $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$ and $38^{\circ}C$. As temperature increased from 30 to $38^{\circ}C$, sinus rate was accelerated by $13/min/^{\circ}C$, $APD_{50}$(action ptential duration from peak to 50% repolarization) decreased by $5\;msec/^{\circ}C$, and amplitude of action potential was slightly decreased. With an increase in $Ca^{2+}$ concentrations from 0.5 to 6 mM, overshoot increased and MDP decreased. These $Ca^{2+}$ effects on the overshoot and MDP of action potentials were not altered by temperature. But the $Ca^{2+}$ effects on the rates of diastolic depolarization, systolic depolarization and repolarization were modified by temperature. Discrpancy of the chronotropic effects of $Ca^{2+}$ between isolated atria and small SA strips was discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 1998

Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THI) alkaloids can be considered as cyclized derivatives of simple phenylethylamines. Many of them, especially with 6,7-disubstitution, demonstrate a relatively high affinity for catecholamines. Present study examines the pharmacological action of limited series of THI, using rats' isolated atria and aorta. In addition, a $[^3H]$ prazosin displacement binding study with THI compounds was performed, using rat brain homogenates to investigate whether these probes have ?${\alpha}$-adrenoceptor affinity. We also compared the vascular relaxation potency of these probes with dobutamine. YS 49, YS 51, higenamine and dobutamine, concentration-dependently, relaxed endothelium-denuded rat thoracic aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (PE, 0.1 ${\mu}M$) in which $pEC_{50}$ were $5.56{\pm}0.32$ and $5.55{\pm}0.21$, $5.99{\pm}1.16$ and $5.57{\pm}0.34$, respectively. These probes except higenamine also relaxed KCl (65.4 mM)-contracted aorta. In isolated rat atria, all THIs and dobutamine increased heart rate and contractile force. In the presence of propranolol, the concentration response curves of YS 49 and YS 51 shifted to the right and resulted in $pA_2$ values of $8.07{\pm}0.84$ and $7.93{\pm}0.11$, respectively. The slope of each compound was not deviated from unity, indicating that these chemicals are highly competitive at the cardiac ?${\beta}-adrenoceptors$. YS 49, YS 51, and higenamine showed ?${\alpha)-adrenoceptor$ affinity in rat brain, in which the dissociation constant $(K_i)$ was 2.75, 2.81, and 1.02 ${\mu}M$, respectively. It is concluded, therefore, that THI alkaloids have weak affinity to ${\alpha)_1-adrenoceptor$ in rat aorta and brain, respectively, while these probes show relatively high affinity for cardiac ${\beta}-adrenoceptors$. Thus, these chemicals may be useful in the treatment of congestive heart failure.