• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Purpose: North Korean refugee women struggle with the double burden of adaptation and parenting as mothers in a new environment. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, confidence, and educational needs regarding newborn care among North Korean refugees, and to determine differences between these variables according to participants' characteristics. Methods: Data were collected from September to October 2022, and 150 North Korean refugee women recruited using convenience sampling participated in the study. Descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The mean scores were as follows: parenting knowledge, 14.97 out of 25; infection prevention knowledge and confidence, 20.09 out of 33 and 51.37 out of 80, respectively; and educational needs, 245.86 out of 310. Significant differences were observed in newborn care, knowledge, and confidence according to maternal age, educational level, family structure, and pregnancy history. Significant positive correlations were observed between the participants' newborn care knowledge, confidence, and educational needs. Conclusion: Personalized educational programs should be implemented to enhance North Korean refugee women's confidence in newborn care, focusing on areas with low knowledge levels and high educational needs and enabling women to achieve healthy pregnancy and childbirth, and to parent well.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.217-221
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• 2023

Aeromonas spp., are Gram-negative rods that can cause infections in healthy and immunocompromised hosts. The clinical presentation of gastroenteritis varies from mild diarrhoea to shigella-like dysentery to severe cholera-like watery diarrhoea. Here, we report a case of acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in a newborn infant by Aeromonas caviae and its draft genome sequence. It is important to reduce the chance of incorrect isolate identification, which could lead to the exclusion of pathogenic Aeromonas spp., from routine laboratory identification in cases of diarrheal diseases. The genome sequence of A. caviae SVJ23 represents a significant step forward in understanding the diversity and pathogenesis, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profile.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.7
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• pp.265-271
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• 2020

Background: Pneumococcal diseases among children aged <5 years worldwide are associated with high annual mortality rates. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of GBP411, a 12-valent pneumococcal conjugant vaccine, with a dosing schedule of 2 primary doses plus 1 booster dose (2p+1) in healthy infants. Methods: This randomized active-controlled (Prevnar 13) double-blind phase 2 trial enrolled healthy subjects aged 6-10 weeks. Three serum concentrations of pneumococcal serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) were evaluated using the pneumococcal serotype-specific pneumonia polysaccharide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 1 month after the primary doses and before and 1 month after the booster dose. The pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG titer was evaluated using a multiplex opsonophagocytic assay in a subset of 15 subjects per group. Results: After administration of the primary doses, the proportion of subjects who achieved pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG concentrations of >0.35 ㎍/mL was lower for some serotypes in the GBP411 group than in the comparator group (6B: 20.83% vs. 39.22%, P=0.047 and 19A: 58.33% vs. 90.20%, P<0.001). However, after administration of the booster dose, >97% of the subjects in each group achieved IgG concentrations of ≥0.35 ㎍/mL for all 12 serotypes. Increased immunogenicity was observed for some serotypes that showed significant intergroup differences after administration of the primary doses but not after the booster dose. We also found no significant intergroup difference in the overall incidence of solicited local adverse events. Furthermore, the overall incidence of solicited systemic adverse events was significantly lower in the GBP411 group than in the comparator vaccine group (79.59% vs. 98.04%; P=0.003). Conclusion: The GBP411 vaccine with a dosing schedule of 2p+1 may be immunogenic and safe for healthy infants.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.60-75
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• 1998

The parents have much expectation upon the pregnancy and child birth, and in most cases, they expect the healthy parturient child. However, we can be placed on the high-risk conditions which have the physical, social and immature infant, due to the unexpected results, among the new-born. Accordingly, these high-risk newborn and premature infants will be mostly in NICU, which the concentrated medical treatment can be given, upon their conditions. After their birth and during these periods, they will be divided from the parents, and the nurse will accomplish the bringing-up activities which they can take care of the infant, expected by the parents after their birth. The hospitalization of high-risk newborn including these premature infants is the shocking experience to the parents of family, and thus they can feel the fear and uneasiness, and these reactions of parents are troubled in the behavior at the usual days, and cause the disorder and spiritless status, and these results break the supporting ability of parents, and cause the obstruction. Also, the unavoidable division between the parents and the children as like hospitalization of children can make the parents to feel the alienation emotionally, and this causes the results which the pride on the bringing-up ability of baby gets to be lost. These problems can cause the difficulties on the bonding or the parenting in the further days, and can be related to the neglect and abuse of children. Also, it is gradually increased to study and report which the emotional division by the physical division between the mother and the baby obstructs the normal affection course between the parent and the infant. The stress caused by the birth and the hospitalization of high-risk newborn, as like this, is important in the points which it can uncertainly affect the potential energy for the relationship of parent-child who are finally healthy. Accordingly, the significance and purpose of this study are to understand the contents and degree of stress which the parents of high-risk newborn including the immature child can be experienced from the hospitalization of ICU for their new borns, and thus to offer the basic program to the nursing intervention program for these. The subject of this study is the mother of newborn in NICU of 10 General Hospitals located at the 3one of Pusan, Korea from September 1997 to October 1997, and thus makes the subject of 95 person of parents who agreed to take part in the study and it is descriptive study related to the stress of mother having the newborn in NICU. The method is based on the preceding study related to the stress of mother having the experience of child hospitalization and chronic disease child, and then acquires the advice of specialists group as like 5 nursing professors, and then is amended and supplemented. Total number of questions is 43 items and consists of 5 factors as like medical treatment &nursing procedures, disease status & prognosis, role of parents, communication & inter-personal relationships, hospital environment, and is 5 point Likert Scale. The reliability of this study method is very highly shown to be Cronbach α=0.95. The collected data is analysed as Average, Frequency, Standard Deviation, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Duncan multifulrange test by use of SPSS /PC (V7.5). The results of this study is summarized as under. 1. Every characteristics of subject is which the party of mother is 28.70age(±7.48) in the average ages, 51% in the high-school graduate, 38.5% in the christianity, total monthly income is 212.55 thousand won(±1.971), 74.5% in the housewife, 72.9% in the parents and children together living and the number of children to be 1.48person(± 0.6) in average, the recognition on the prognosis of baby is 74.0% in 'Don't know', the relationship with the husband after the hospitalization of babyis 37.3% in 'More Intimate', the relationship with the family of husband to be 48% in 'No-change', and the degree which is consulted with the husband about the baby is 55% in 'very frequently' and the visiting number per week is 4.59(±1.63) in average and the accompanying person in the time of visiting is which the number of husband is 56.3% and thus is the highest. The characteristics of baby is which the age is 21.88days(±16.47) after the birth in average, the sex to be 50 person in the female 52.1% and the order of birth to be 54.2% in the first chid, and the weight in the birth to be 2770gm(±610) and the height in the birth to be 46.26cm(±7.62) in aver age. The medical diagnosis is 37.5% in the premature infant, the career of hospitalization is 96.9% in 'None', and the operation plan is 90.6% in 'None' and the execution of operation is 88% in 'None' and the nursing of incubator is 55.2% in 'Yes', and the method of feeding is 50.5% in 'Oral' and the contents of feeding is 46.9% in the 'Milk'. 2. The total stress degree of subject is almost highly shown to be as 3.36(±0.86). If it is compared upon each cause, 'stress on disease status & prognosis' is highest 3.79(±1.28), and it is in the order of 'stress on medical treatment & nursing procedures' 3.70(±0.93), 'stress on hospital environment' 3.14(±0.86), 'stress on role of parents' 3.18(±0.92) and 'stress on communication & inter personal relationship' 2.62(± 0.77) 3. As the results of checking the notworthiness of stress degree upon each variable of subject, the variable showing the noted difference was the birth weight(γ=-0.16, P=0.04), birth height(γ=-0.23, P=0.03), nursing in the incubator(F=8.93, P=0.04), feed method(F=2.94, P=0.04). That is to say, it is shown which the smaller the birth weight is, the higher the stress degree of mother is noteworthily. Also, the smaller the birth height baby is, the higher the stress of mother is. In the incubator, it os shown which the mother whose baby is nursing in the incubator is higher in the stress degree than other mothers. Upon the feeding method of baby, that is to say, TPNis the highest, and it is shown in the order of NPO, Tube feeding, and P.O. feeding. When we review the above-mentioned results, as the status is serious, it is thought which we include the supporting nursing for coping with the stress of parents in the setting-up od nursing plan for the baby in the NICU.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.284-297
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• 1996

A maternity ward in a hospital in Seoul has an educational program for postpartal mothers since its opening, but evaluation on the program has not been done. This study was to find whether the educational program contributed to increase of knowledge and confidence of the post-partal mothers in the area of postpartal self-care and the newborn baby care or not. This study aimed at improvement of the educational program for posrpartal mothers and the newborn babies. Subjects were 40 primiparae who were admitted to the obstetric ward in a general hospitals in Seoul from August 20th to September 10th, 1995. Subjects were those who had no labor pain at the admission time, had no complications during labor and delivery, gave a birth to a healthy baby, and agreed to participate in this study. All subjects were well educated and were in well-to-do group. Most of them received antenatal care adequately. They were tested on knowledge and self-confidence in the area of postpartal self-care and infant care two times, one at the admission time and the other prior to discharge. After the first test, nurses in a maternity ward and nursery taught them on postpartal self-care and infant care. Education consisted of a 1 hour planned program and incident teachings done at bed side. Four tools were developed by authors based literature review. The test tool for knowledge of postpartal self-care consisted of 15 items which included the definition of postpartum, dangerous symptoms in postpartum, lochia, time to begin coitus, postpartum exercise, sitz-bath, and perineal care. The test tool for self-confidence in postpartal self-care included such items as emergency care on dangerous symptoms in postpartum, sexual life and contraception after postpartum, self-confidence in postpartum exercise and perineal care. The test tool for knowledge of newborn baby care consisted of 18 items which included bathing, umbilical cord care, vaccination, breast feeding, abnormal symptoms of neonate. The test tool for self confidence in the newborn baby care included umbilical cord care, vaccination, breast feeding, emergency care for baby. Analysis of demographic data were analyzed with calculation of percentage. Score differences between the first test and the second test were analyzed with paired t-test. SAS / PC (Release 6.04 for DOS) program are as follows. 1. Mothers' knowledge of postpartal self-care increased significantly after education (t=10.04, df=38, p=0.0001). 2. Mothers' self-confidence in postpartal self-care increased significantly after education (t=6.53, df=38, p=0.0001). 3. Mother's knowledge of the newborn abay care increased significantly after education (t=9.74, df=38, p=0.0001). 4. Mothers' self-confidence in the newborn baby care increased significantly after education(t=8.22, df=38, p=0.0001) Suggestions for further studies and nursing practice were as follows. 1. We suggest studies by randomized control-group pretest-posttest design or nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design will be done. 2. We suggest follow-up studies to find if mothers's confidence will last or not after discharge. 3. We suggest general hospitals to establish a phone-counseling system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.336-348
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to examine the growth pattern of infants by anthropometric measurement according to the 5 feeding practices of infants with the subject of two hundred healthy newborn babies from their birth till sixty month of age at intervals of two months. Breast group(BF, n=38), formula group(FF, n=102) and mixed group(ME, n=14) were fed breast milk, formula milk, breast and formula milk, from birth till 6 mo. of age, respectively. Convert 1 group (C1F, n=14) and covert 2 group(CF, n=32) were fed breast milk and mixed milk at 2 mo. of age afterthat switched to formula milk, respectively. From these, the following results were made. All the infants of this study showed superiority to Korean standard growth rate in regards to each growth item for each month age. In the case of males, at their birth, the subscapular skinfold thickness and the total skin fold thickness in the BF group was significantly larger than in MF group and FF group(p<0.05). At 6th month age, the chese circumference of MF group was 45.9cm, and significantly larger than those of BF, FF and C2F groups(p<0.05). In the case of females, at theri birth and 2nd month age, there was no difference among all the feeding groups in regards to each growth rate. At 4th month age, the Kauf index of C1F group was 16.21 and significantly lower than those of four groups(p<0.05). And total skinfold thickness in BF group was larger than in C1F group. The increase rate per month age of all growth items were larger at 2nd month age than at the later months both in males and in females. And until 2nd month age males showed more increase than females in regards to each growth item but after 2nd month age, this sapect did not show up. Multiple linear regression was used to determine predictive factors for infant growth. It was expected that at 6th month age, in the measurement of head circumference and chest circumference and cross-sectional fat area, BF-males were bigger by 22-39% of the explanation index than the infants of other groups. As a result, in spite of the significant lower intakes of energy and nutrients in breast-fed infants than in formula-fed infants, breast-fed infants showed more growth than the average of Korean infant standard growth rate at every month age, and showed no significant growth difference among feeding groups.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2005

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings and risk factors related to the upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) seen in full-term infants. Methods: A clinical analysis for 9 cases with UGIB confirmed by endoscopy was carried out retrospectively. Patients were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Eulji Hospital, from January to December 2003. Results: UGIB from gastric or duodenal mucosal lesions has been seen in 0.13% in newborns infants. All patients were full-term AGA neonates without asphyxic findings at birth. Hematemesis, melena or recurrent vomiting developed within $4.4{\pm}3.8days$ after birth. Vital sign and laboratory test was normal on admission. Endoscopic findings showed hemorrhagic gastritis in 6 cases and peptic ulcers in 3 cases. All patients were successfully managed by medical treatment for $18.6{\pm}5.0days$. On treatment, clinical symptoms improved within $0.9{\pm}0.3days$. Follow-up endoscopy was not performed because there was no recurrence of symptoms in all patients. Case mothers had no history of gastritis, ulcer or anti-ulcer medications before and during pregnancy. Conclusion: If the healthy full-term infants express UGIB within a few days after birth, it is necessary to take careful history of family, mother and delivery process and to practice endoscopy for mucosal lesions of the patients. A follow-up endoscopy dose not seem to be necessary if the infant is clinically well.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.579-595
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• 2001

This study was carried out to understand the home health care needs of postpartum women during the postpartum period. The goal of this study was to obtain data needed to develope postpartum home health care programs and to improve the nursing quality for postpartum women. A convenient sample of 105 healthy women who were discharged after delivery at a maternity hospital in Ulsan, Korea were studied from January 25 to April 15, 2001. Data collection was done with a structured questionnaire (maternal concerns questionnaire) by mailing. Data was collected from 1 to 4 weeks after delivery. The Results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of home health care need of postpartum women was 2.51. The degree of nursing need according to the category of home health care needs was 'concerns about the infant ($2.91{\pm}.68$)', 'maternal physical and emotional concerns ($2.62{\pm}.52$)', 'concerns related to the husband ($2.45{\pm}.73$)', 'concerns related to the family ($2.16{\pm}.64$)', 'concerns related to the community ($2.03{\pm}.60$)' in rank. Among the items, 'recognizing illness in the newborn ($3.36{\pm}.83$)', 'normal growth and development ($3.33{\pm}.92$)' were high. 2. Among items of concerns about infant ($2.91{\pm}.68$), 'recognizing illness in the newborn ($3.36{\pm}.83$)', 'normal growth and development ($3.33{\pm}.52$)' showed high nursing needs. 3. Among items of maternal physical and emotional concerns ($2.62{\pm}.52$), 'being a good mother ($3.31{\pm}.86$)', 'return of their figures to normal ($3.04{\pm}1.05$) showed high nursing needs. 4. Among items of concerns about husband ($2.45{\pm}.73$), 'husband being a good father ($2.84{\pm}1.00$) shows high nursing needs. 5. Among items of concerns related to the community ($2.03{\pm}.60$), 'getting to health care facilities ($2.69{\pm}.90$) shows high nursing needs. 6. On considering the relationship between the postpartum women s home health care needs and their general characteristics, parity (t=2.436, p=.017) and delivery type (t=2.074, p=.041) were statistically significant.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of in-service education on the nurse-newborn play interaction. The research design adopted the pre-experimental design applied only for one pretest-posttest group and Barnard's mother-infant interaction model was used as a conceptual framework. The subjects were 26 nurses who were selected from 2 nurseries in general hospital in Pusan, and 52 healthy newborns who were after 4 days from birth during data collection period at the same hospital. The data were collected from June 1st to October 5th in 2001, by video-taping for the interactive behaviors between the nurse and the newborn, played for 5 minutes in nurseries 2 weeks before and after in-service education. The in-service education consisted of the newborn's behavior responses focused on the newborn baby's states, behavior, cues and state modulation, 3 times per 1 week, 90 minutes per 1 time, lecture, demonstration and hand out project. The experimental tool used for this research was Ha Young-Soo's Korean translation of the Maternal-Infant Play Interaction Scale by Thompson, Jody Baird, Sara Gordman, Bryant(1982), some parts of which were adapted to be suitable for the purpose of this research. Mother and baby scale by Wolke & James-Roberts(1987) was also modified and used as the criterion of nurse's perception of a newborn baby. The results of this study were as follows: 1. This result supported the major hypothesis : After the intervention of in-service education, the nurse and newborn play interaction was promoted. 2. After intervention of in-service education, the nurse perception of newborn, especially the criteria of newborn's reaction was promoted., The results of this research confirm that in-service education on the newborn's behavior responses such as states, behavior, cues and state modulation is an effective way to improve the interaction between the nurse and the baby. It elevated the nurse's sensitivities to the baby's needs. Therefore, in-service education can change the conditions of current nursing practice mostly centered on physical care into a better one in which nurses consider the emotional, social, and intellectual development stages of babies. Accordingly, in-service education contributed to promoting the effective nurse-newborn play interaction so positively.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.219-263
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• 2011

"Wrongful conception" is a medical malpractice claim in which the plaintiff is the parent of a normal, healthy infant whose conception was unplanned and unwanted. Medical malpractice in wrongful conception can be the result of a failure to provide informed consent to a patient, failure to properly perform a surgery, or a physician's negligent handling of a patient's problems. In the concrete, wrongful conception cases fall into two categories; those involving pre-conception negligence, such as a failed contraceptive, sterilization or failing of the controlling of embryo-number on the IVF, and those involving post-conception negligence, such as a failure to diagnose a pregnancy or to perform an abortion procedure. In addition, Medical malpractice can be the result of a failure to provide informed consent to a patient. When bad results occur by medical malpractice or failure to provide informed consent to a patient, the range of recovery of damages is decided by a traditional civil liability law. However the calculation of damages for wrongful conception is not easy because the high value of life is included in that case. So many courts opinions in foreign country and Seoul High Court decision in 1996 allow damages for the pregnancy, birthing process and sterilization costs, but refuses to allow damages for child rearing expenses. As to the range of recovery of damages for wrongful conception, one approach says that to allow damages in a suit such as this would mean that the physician would have to pay for the fun, joy and affection which plaintiff will have in the rearing and educating of the plaintiff's baby. To allow such damages would be against the dignity of the baby based on article 10 of the Constitution. However another approach says that damages are recoverable for all expenses related to child birth as well as for child rearing costs. Because the damages that the parents should bear a burden to the tort damage done is not a baby itself but child rearing costs. In other words, although the baby is healthy or not, economic burden of the parents can not be disregard. And denial of compensation for costs of child rearing may invalidate the role of liability law, grant the physician with a exemption certificate of liability. As a result, the medical field of procreation can be easily isolated from a liability of reparation. Therefore, on the liability law like the other medical malpractice action, parents who became pregnant or gave a birth by physician, wrongfully performed sterilization operation, etc. should be compensated for all damages relevant to unplanned and unwanted conception or birth as well as costs of child rearing.