• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.151-167
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• 2021

This study reports on the development of a dietary education program for Korean young adults in single-person households. The 7th National Health and Nutrition Survey (2016-2018) was used to compare and analyze the dietary behavior of single-person households and multi-person households, and an online survey was conducted on 350 young adults (age 19-39 years) living in Seoul. According to the analysis, single-person households had higher rates of breakfast and eating out than multi-person households, and significantly lower average intake of energy and nutrients (p<0.05). In particular, in the case of single-person households, the lower the frequency of cooking at home, the higher the rate of breakfast and the higher the frequency of eating out and delivery food (p<0.05). Based on the survey, a dietary education program for young adults single-person households was developed by applying the DESIGN six-step procedure and social cognitive theory as a conceptual model. The first session consisted of the health and economic benefits of home-cooked meals, the second session of the importance of the breakfast and the effect of exercise in life, the third session of the importance of balanced nutrition and the principles of a healthy diet, the fourth session of food safety and storage, and the fifth session of social dining. Each session was composed of a combination of theoretical lectures to motivate 'more making and eating healthy home-cooked meals' and cooking practice for improving behavioral performance.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2022

Objectives: Recent epidemiological data reported that young adults in their 20 ~ 30s are a vulnerable population with unhealthy dietary practices and a few signs of deteriorated health indicators. However, there are no dietary guidelines that are specifically developed for the young adult population. This study introduces some data collection tools that are mostly used in the service design field, and demonstrates how these tools can be used in nutrition research for developing dietary guidelines for specific target groups. Methods: To understand the context of food choices among young people, 39 people were enrolled to complete a probes booklet. Thematic analysis and word cloud were performed to capture the main themes from the probes and a persona was developed based on the findings. Results: Data from the probes enabled us to grasp the various contextual meanings of eating practices among young people. Most participants understand what a healthy diet is and often have a willingness to practice it. However, there were very few participants who were following the practices. We created four types of persona for developing dietary guidelines: healthy eating, emotional eating, convenient eating, and trendy eating. Conclusions: Probes and persona were used in order to understand the lives of young adults and develop targeted messages. We hope that this introduction will be helpful to researchers who are looking for new ways of understanding their target population in the field of community nutrition.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.617-638
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• 2020

It is important to maintain a healthy dietary habit to enjoy better health and quality of life in later life. However, taking care of one's dietary lifestyle at an older age may be a challenge. Especially, community dwelling low-income older adults are one of the most vulnerable population in regards to holding a well balanced healthy diet. The purpose of this research is to identify the current status of food delivery services for low-income older adults and explore related issues. In order to achieve the aim, this study conduced two sets of focus group interviews with 8 nutritionists and 7 social workers in Seoul. According to the research results, there are issues related to meals on wheels such as vague eligibility, poor operation conditions, work overload, and difficulty in realizing customized meal delivery. Food security for low-income older adults is a prerequisite for aging in place. It is necessary to discuss the ways to create favorable operating conditions to deliver customized meals and manage nutrition and hygiene from the perspective of social work.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to determine the association between, smoking, exercise, sex, and dietary carotenoids ($\alpha$-carotene, $\beta$-carotene, $\beta$-cryptoxanthin, lutein + zeaxanthin, lycopne) intake in Korean middle-aged adults. Food-frequency questionnaire were analyzed from 304 healthy adults (115 men, 189 women) aged 20 - 59. The self-administered questionnaire contained subject s habitual diet and alcohol intake were the previous 3 months. Data on frequency of 102 foods, including vegetables, fruits, beverages and legumes were analyzed. Total dietary carotenoids intake were 27.13 $\pm$ 3.09 mg/d for men and 26.71$\pm$ 2.82 mg/d for women. It was found that smoking had no significant contribution to the dietary intake of carotenoids. Among other lifestyle factors that had significant correlation was the amount of exercise time. The increases in exercise time was associated with increase in carotenoids intake (r= 0.121, p : 0.04). The major contributors of $\alpha$-carotene and $\beta$-carotene were carrots consumed as single-food item or carrot juice. Lutein and Zeaxanthin intake mainly came from spinach and most lycopene intake was derived from tomato products not fresh tomatoes. Persimmon was the major contributor of $\beta$-cryptoxanthin. These findings provide valuable information on understanding the unique pattern of dietary intake of Korean, which might help identify the risks for developing various diseases.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1072-1079
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• 2013

The NLRP12 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 12) serves as a suppressor factor in the inflammatory response and protects the host against inflammation-induced damage. In the present study, we aimed to study the polymorphisms of NLRP12 gene and its association with susceptibility to non-specific digestive disorder (NSDD) in rabbits. We re-sequenced the entire coding region of the rabbit NLRP12 gene and detected a total of 19 SNPs containing 14 synonymous and five non-synonymous variations. Among them, the coding SNP (c.1682A>G), which would carry a potential functional implication, was subsequently subjected to genotyping for case-control association study (272 cases and 267 controls). The results revealed that allele A was significantly protective against NSDD with an odds ratio value of 0.884 (95% confidence interval, 0.788 to 0.993; p = 0.038). We also experimentally induced NSDD in growing rabbits by feeding a fibre-deficient diet and subsequently investigated NLRP12 mRNA expression. The mRNA expression of NLRP12 in healthy status was significantly higher than that in severe NSDD (p = 0.0016). The highest expression was observed in individuals carrying the protective genotype AA (p = 0.0108). These results suggested that NLRP12 was significantly associated with the NSDD in rabbits. However, the precise molecular mechanism of NLRP12 involving in the development of rabbit NSDD requires further research.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

This study was conducted to assess the perception of nutritional education by students in elementary school and their parents in terms of the degree of satisfaction with school foodservices. The survey was conducted on 322 parents and 322 students using a questionnaire. Most of the students and parents were satisfied with the school foodservices, the most satisfactory component of school foodservice was the "balanced nutrition intake". The students and parents acquired nutritional information from the "school letter" and "Mass media". They trusted professional dietitians, the school and the nutritional information acquired from accredited mass media. In regards to the type of nutritional education, 28.9% of parents preferred "clinical nutrition information on disease" and 26.9% of parents preferred "nutrition information of food". In contrast, 33.7% of the students preferred the "clinical nutrition information on disease" and 25.4% of the students preferred "right eating habit (unbalanced eating, skipping meal)". The top three reasons for wanting to provide offspring with nutritional information was "right eating habit" (48.9%), "correction of unbalanced diet" (19.8%) and "healthy physical strength" (12.1%). The dietitians need professionalism to deliver accurate information and knowledge relating to the subjects that the users demand and the development of teaching media should be conducted to effectively deliver this knowledge.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.688-694
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Recent research regarding vitamin $B_6$ status including biochemical index is limited. Thus, this study estimated intakes and major food sources of vitamin $B_6$; determined plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP); and assessed vitamin $B_6$ status of Korean adults. MATERIALS/METHODS: Three consecutive 24-h diet recalls and fasting blood samples were collected from healthy 20- to 64-year-old adults (n = 254) living in the Seoul metropolitan area, cities of Kwangju and Gumi, Korea. Vitamin $B_6$ intake and plasma PLP were analyzed by gender and by vitamin $B_6$ supplementation. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine associations of vitamin $B_6$ intake and plasma PLP. RESULTS: The mean dietary and total (dietary plus supplemental) vitamin $B_6$ intake was $1.94{\pm}0.64$ and $2.41{\pm}1.45mg/day$, respectively. Median (50th percentile) dietary intake of men and women was 2.062 and 1.706 mg/day. Foods from plant sources provided 70.61% of dietary vitamin $B_6$ intake. Only 6.3% of subjects consumed total vitamin $B_6$ less than Estimated Average Requirements. Plasma PLP concentration of all subjects was $40.03{\pm}23.71nmol/L$. The concentration of users of vitamin $B_6$ supplements was significantly higher than that of nonusers (P < 0.001). Approximately 16% of Korean adults had PLP levels < 20 nmol/L, indicating a biochemical deficiency of vitamin $B_6$, while 19.7% had marginal vitamin $B_6$ status. Plasma PLP concentration showed positive correlation with total vitamin $B_6$ intake (r = 0.40984, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, vitamin $B_6$ intake of Korean adults was generally adequate. However, one-third of subjects had vitamin $B_6$ deficiency or marginal status. Therefore, in some adults in Korea, consumption of vitamin $B_6$-rich food sources should be encouraged.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.933-941
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• 2015

This study investigated differences in nutritional knowledge and eating habits of adolescents living in rural and urban areas of Inner Mongolia, China. A survey was conducted on 869 middle school students in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia: 436 from urban and 433 from rural school. Subjects answered a questionnaire about socio-economic characteristics such as parents' education level and family affluence scale, nutritional knowledge, needs for nutritional education and food habits. Levels of parents' education (p<0.001) and family affluence (p<0.001) were significantly higher in urban students. Nutritional knowledge level of urban students was higher than that of their counterparts (p<0.001). However, rural students reported higher needs for nutritional education (p<0.001). Rural students more frequently consumed snacks (p<0.001) and instant noodles (p<0.001) than urban students. However, consumption frequencies of lunch (p<0.001), dinner (p<0.001), fast food (p<0.001), fruits (p<0.001), vegetables (p<0.001), and milk (p<0.001) were higher in urban students. Considering differences in eating patterns between urban and rural students in Inner Mongolia, appropriate nutritional education programs and nutritional policies should be established for rural students to promote a healthy diet.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to verify nutrient intake status and prevalence of obesity in vegetarians non-vegetarians and non-vegetarians. The vegetarian subjects consisted of 127 Buddhist nuns(age:23-79 yrs) from Oonmoon Temple on the Choungdo District of Gyeongsang Bookdo Province and 118 Buddhist nuns practicing Zen meditation at Soodeok Temple in Yeosan District of Chongcheong Namdoo Province. Control subjects were 235 healthy female adults aged from 23 to 79 years old. They were teachers and nurses at the hospital of Gyeongsang National University and housewives living in Chinju, Gyeingsang Namdoo Province. The study was conducted from October 1996 to February 1997, and consisted of a survey and anthropometric measurement. The results are summarized as follows : The average age of the subjects was 44.2 yrs for vegetarians and 40.5 yrs for non-vegetarians. The average body mass index(BMI) of vegetarians and non-vegetarians was 22.4 and 21.0, the waist hip ratio(WHR) was 0.8 and 0.8, and the percentage of body fat was 28.7 and 26.5 respectively. The average duration of vegetarian diet among vegetarians was 13.1 years. The nutrient intakes of vegetarians were above the RDA for all the nutrients expect calcium and vitamin A. The intakes of fat, cholesterol, saturated fatty acid and the energy ratio from fat among the vegetarians were significantly lower than those of the non-vegetarians(p〈0.01). However, the vegetarians consumed significantly higher amounts of fiber and vitamin C compared to the non-vegetarians(p〈0.01). Also, the ratio of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid was significantly higher in vegetarians. The prevalence of obesity was 13.9% for vegetarians and 11.9% for non-vegetarians by criteria of BMI 25 as obese.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.594-603
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• 1994

This study investigate the balance and biochemical status of riboflavin in Korean men. During the experimental period, four riboflavin diets with different levels of riboflavin(0.4, 0.6,0.8 and 1.0mg/1000kcal) were followed by eight healthy college men. the riboflavin status was assayed by erythrocyte glutathine reudcctase activity coefficient (EGRAC0 and urinary excretion of riboflavin. Riboflavin intake of the subjects who consumed a det was 0.46mg/1000kcal. the riboflavin intakes of the subjects who consumed the experimental diet with 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1,0mg/1000kcal of riboflavin were 0.41, 0.60, 0.81 , 0.97mg, respectively. Fecal riboflavin loss, absorbed riboflavin , urinary riboflavin loss and retained riboflavin increased in the subjects consumed 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0mg/1000kcal of riboflavin. The average EGRAC values for the subjects consumed 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0mg/1000kcal of riboflavin were 1.303$\pm$0.029, 1.271$\pm$0.022, 1.239$\pm$0.013, 1.202$\pm$0.030, respectively and urinary riboflavin values ($\mu\textrm{g}$/g creatinine) were 86.89$\pm$ 20.07, 123.88$\pm$ 15.88, 240.70$\pm$57.14 and 393.36$\pm$76.94, respectively. Results indicate that 0.6mg/1000kcal is the level of riboflavin intake needed to maintain urinary riboflavin within the normal range. And above1.0mg/1000kcal of riboflavin is need to maintain urinary riboflavin with in the normal range. And above 1.0mg/1000 of riboflavin is needed to maintain the EGRAC within the normal range. The riboflavin intake correlated positively with urinary riboflavin value, but correlated negatively with the EGRAC value. The EGRAC value correlated negatively to protein intake as well as animal protein intake. The linear equation of between riboflavin intake and EGRAc was EGRA=-0.1667 $\times$riboflavin intake +1.3710. The riboflavin intake to maintain EGRAc below 1.20 was calculated 1.02mg/1000kcal by the above equation.