• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.68-76
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• 2017

Background: Abdominal bracing exercise (ABE) and abdominal hollowing exercise (AHE) improve the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function in various patients, yet the efficacy of ABE or AHE have not yet been evaluated. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function during both ABE and AHE in healthy adults. Methods: The study included 40 healthy adults, who were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group, each with 20 subjects. All subjects performed ABE (experimental group) and AHE (control group). The lumbar flexibility such as trunk flexion test (sitting and standing position) and schober test and pulmonary function such as the spirometer including forced vital capacity (FVC) and force expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) and chest circumference measurement (middle and lower chest) were measured, respectively. Two-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the lumbar flexibility and pulmonary function, respectively. Results: No significant effects of lumbar flexibility were observed on trunk flexion test from the sitting position (P=.478) and standing position (P=.096) in the ABE than in the AHE. However, the length of ABE was longer significantly than it of AHE (P=.024). No significant effects of lung function were observed on the FVC (P=.410) and $FEV_1$ (P=.072) in the ABE group than in the AHE group. And also, no significant effects of chest circumference measurement were observed on the inspiration (P=.468) and expiration (P=.563) in middle chest circumference and inspiration (P=.104) and expiration (P=.346) in lower chest circumference. Conclusion: This study indicated that the ABE is only more effective in lumbar flexibility by lumbar length difference than AHE in healthy adults.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.7-14
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the movement patterns when lying from an erect stance to a supine position of healthy adults and hemiplegia patients in the age group from 50 to 70. Methods: The subjects used in this study were 230 patients (144 healthy adults and 86 hemiplegia patients). Movement patterns were classified using categorical descriptions of the action of three body regions: the upper extremity, lower extremity, and the head-trunk region. Results: In the most common supine lying position in healthy adults (29.7%), the female fifties age group performed a symmetrical pattern using the upper extremity region, a symmetrical squat pattern using the lower extremity region, and a symmetrical pattern using the head-trunk region (1-1-1). However, in the most supine lying position in hemiplegia patients (32.0%), the female sixties age group usually performed this pattern by using the upper extremity and lower extremity regions in a squat position by raising the leg, and performing rotation of the head-trunk region (3-4-3). Conclusion: Using this clinical therapy, and considering the patients ability to exercise when lying from an erect stance to a supine position, the proper care could be provided. Moreover, this therapy introduces action based on a variety of training methods and on the effects which might result from any changes.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2016

Objective: The arm swing is associated with gait ability in healthy young adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of arm swing during gait in healthy young adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-five subjects without any orthopedic or neurological injuries participated in this study. All subjects performed all three conditions according to the arm swing type as follows: first procedure (condition 1), walking as usual without arm swing constraint; second procedure (condition 2), constraint of dominant arm swing walking as usual; third procedure (condition 3), constraint of both arm swing walking as usual. Gait parameters such as gait velocity, stride length, cadence, step time, single limb support, and double limb support were measured in all arm swing conditions performed randomly, with the mean value obtained from three measurements. A rest period of 5 minutes was given to prevent repetition of each condition and learning effect. All data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to notice the changes between arm swing conditions. Results: Within walking conditions, significant difference of gait velocity, stride length, cadence, and double limb support was noticed (p<0.05), except step time and single limb support. Gait velocity and stride length were significant reduced, and in cadence and double limb support were increased (p<0.05). Condition 3 had the most significant decrease of gait ability compared with condition 1 (p<0.05). Conclusions: These finding suggested that constraint arm swing conditions reduced gait ability in healthy young adults. Also, these findings can be utilized as a reference to future studies that not only pelvic, knee and ankle, but also upper limb affect to gait ability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.267-276
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variations in gait parameters according to arm slings used in healthy adults. Twenty healthy adults (9 males, 11 females) participated in this study and walked at self-selected speeds on a GAITRite-instrumented carpet. They were randomly assigned conditions: without an arm sling, a care sling, a Harris hemi arm sling, a CVA sling, and a Rolyan humeral cuff sling. The following gait parameters were analyzed: the temporo-spatial parameters of gait velocity, swing phase, single support, cadence. In the comparison of parameters in each trial, step length was statistically significantly changed(p=.002). The right step length was significantly decreased in the Harris hemi arm sling and increased in the Rolyan humeral cuff sling when compared with no sling. This study found that several different types arm slings varied gait pattern in healthy adults.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2020

Purpose : We investigated the correlation between body composition and lung function in healthy adults. Methods : This study included 204 healthy adults in whom all measurements were obtained once, and all data were analyzed using the SPSS software for Windows, version 22.0. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between body composition (represented by the total body water, protein mass, soft lean mass, mineral mass, basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat percentage) and lung function (represented by the forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV₁], the FEV₁/FVC ratio, maximum voluntary ventilation [MVV], maximum expiratory pressure [MEP], and the maximum inspiratory pressure [MIP]). All measurements were obtained by two investigators to improve reliability. A significance level of α=.05 was used to verify statistical significance. Results : Among the lung function measurements obtained in both men and women, the FVC, FEV₁, MVV, and MIP were positively correlated with the total body water, protein mass, soft lean mass, mineral mass, basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass in men (p<.05). The FEV₁/FVC ratio was negatively correlated with the total body water, soft lean mass, mineral mass, basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass and the body fat percentage (p<.05). Notably, the FVC, FEV₁, and MVV were positively correlated with the total body water, protein mass, soft lean mass, mineral mass, basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass in women (p<.05). Conclusion : This study showed a significant correlation between body composition and lung function in healthy adults. In combination with future studies on lung function, our results can provide objective evidence regarding the importance of prevention of lung disease, and our data can be utilized in rehabilitation programs for patients with respiratory diseases.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2014

Objective: In this study, we applied a neurodynamic sciatic nerve sliding technique to healthy adults to elucidate its effects on hamstring flexibility and postural balance. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: This study targeted twenty four healthy adults (16 men, 8 women). A neurodynamic sciatic nerve sliding technique was applied 5 times to all subjects' dominant leg. The subjects were asked to sit on the bed while performing cervical and thoracic flexion, as well as knee flexion with ankle plantar flexion. Then, they were asked to perform cervical and thoracic extension and knee extension with their ankle in dorsiflexion and maintain the position for 60 s. For postural balance, we measured postural sway while the subjects maintained a one-legged standing posture using the Good Balance System and measured the hip joint flexion range of motion using a standardized passive straight leg raise (SLR) test. Results: SLR test increased significantly from $79^{\circ}$ before the intervention to $91.67^{\circ}$ after the intervention (p<0.05). Regarding the participants' balance evaluated using the one-legged standing test, the X-speed decreased significantly from 18.61 mm/s to 17.17 mm/s (p<0.05), the Y-speed decreased from 22.28 mm/s to 20.52 mm/s (p<0.05), and the velocity moment was significantly decreased from $89.33mm^2/s$ to $74.99mm^2/s$ after the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusions: Application of the neurodynamic sciatic nerve sliding technique exhibited improved hamstring flexibility and postural balance of healthy adults.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.341-349
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of soleus muscle stretching on the muscle thickness and muscle tone of the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscles in healthy young adults. Methods: This study was an observational, cross-sectional study design in healthy young adults. Thirty healthy young adults participated in the study. To investigate the effect of agonist elongation on the muscles' antagonist and synergist characteristics, this study conducted the dynamic stretching of the soleus and plantarflexor muscles for 20 seconds. This study measured the muscle thickness and muscle tone of the soleus, tibialis anterior and peroneus longus muscles before stretching, immediately after stretching, and five minutes after stretching. Results: After analysis, the muscle tone of the soleus muscle was significantly decreased immediately after stretching (20.91±2.61Hz) compared to before stretching (21.83±2.78Hz). The muscle tone of the tibialis anterior was significantly decreased both immediately after stretching (21.76±2.73Hz) and five minutes after stretching (21.72±3.25Hz) compared to before stretching (22.61±3.29Hz). The muscle thickness of the soleus muscle was significantly decreased immediately after stretching (2.04±0.52mm) compared to before stretching (2.21±0.51mm) and was significantly increased five minutes after stretching (2.14±0.49mm) compared to immediately after stretching. Conclusion: The results of this study showed the static stretching of the soleus muscle changed the muscle tone of the tibialis anterior, but not of the peroneus longus muscle. This study suggests that the dynamic stretching of the agonist muscle would show meaningful muscle tone change in the antagonist.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.241-257
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• 2022

Objectives: To investigate emotional characteristics of healthy adults using the Core Seven Emotions Inventory-Short Form (CSEI-s) and to investigate the correlation between the CSEI-s and Korean version of the Perceived Stress Scale (K-PSS). Methods: Overall, 2,178 healthy adults aged ≥19 years who completed the CSEI-s and K-PSS in a nationwide multicenter study were included in this study. One-way analysis of variance was performed to identify associations of seven emotions with sociodemographic characteristics. Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests were performed for multiple comparisons. Pearson's correlation analyses were conducted to examine the correlation between each emotion and stress. Results: Scores of all emotions except for joy (喜) and stress were significantly greater in women than in men. However, the score of joy (喜) in women was significantly less than that in men. There were significant differences in joy (喜), thought (思), depression (憂), fear (恐), and fright (驚) according to age groups in both men and women. The score of depression (憂) was significantly lower in women attending or graduating from graduate school than in those attending or graduating from undergraduate school. Significantly lower scores in joy (喜), thought (思), depression (憂), sorrow (悲), fear (恐), and fright (驚) were observed in married men than in single men. There were significant positive correlations between depression (憂) and stress and between sorrow (悲) and stress in both men and women. Conclusions: There were significant associations of seven emotions with sociodemographic characteristics in healthy adults.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.4
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• pp.291-295
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• 2011

Varicella, more commonly known as chickenpox, is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is a common benign childhood illness. In adults, Varicella is uncommon but is more severely associated with complications including pneumonia, hepatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, encephalitis and myocarditis. A serious and life-threatening complication is the development of varicella-zoster virus pneumonia (VZVP). Although VZVP is well described in immunocompromised hosts, it is rarely seen in immunocompetent adults. The VZVP in healthy adults is more prevalent in cigarette smokers and during pregnancy. However, reports of VZVP in healthy adults are scarce in Korea. The authors report here a case of VZVP in an immunocompetent adult and present a literature review.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.303-306
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• 2017

Purpose: Gait variability is defined as the intrinsic fluctuations which occur during continuous gait cycles. Increased gait variability is closely associated with increased fall risk in older adults. This study investigated the influence of attention-demanding tasks on gait variability in elderly healthy adults. Methods: We recruited 15 healthy elderly adults in this study. All participants performed two cognitive tasks: a subtraction dual-task (SDT) and working memory dual-task (WMDT) during gait plus one normal gait. Using the $LEGSys^+$ system, we measured the coefficient of variation (CV %=$100{\times}$[standard deviation/mean]) for participants' stride time, stride length, and stride velocity. Results: SDT gait showed significant increment of stride time variability compared with usual gait (p<0.05), however, stride length and velocity variability did not difference between SDT gait and usual gait (p>0.05). WMDT gait showed significant increment of stride time and velocity variability compared with usual gait (p<0.05). In addition, stride time variability during WMDT gait also significantly increased compared with SDT gait (p<0.05). Conclusion: We reported that SDT and WMDT gait can induce the increment of the gait variability in elderly adults. We assume that attention demanding task based on working memory has the most influence on the interference between cognitive and gait function. Understanding the changes during dual task gait in older ages would be helpful for physical intervention strategies and improved risk assessment.