• Title/Summary/Keyword: Healthcare systems

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Measuring and Decomposing Socioeconomic Inequality in Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditures in Iran

  • Rezaei, Satar;Hajizadeh, Mohammad
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.214-223
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: Equity in financial protection against healthcare expenditures is one the primary functions of health systems worldwide. This study aimed to quantify socioeconomic inequality in facing catastrophic healthcare expenditures (CHE) and to identify the main factors contributing to socioeconomic inequality in CHE in Iran. Methods: A total of 37 860 households were drawn from the Households Income and Expenditure Survey, conducted by the Statistical Center of Iran in 2017. The prevalence of CHE was measured using a cut-off of spending at least 40% of the capacity to pay on healthcare services. The concentration curve and concentration index (C) were used to illustrate and measure the extent of socioeconomic inequality in CHE among Iranian households. The C was decomposed to identify the main factors explaining the observed socioeconomic inequality in CHE in Iran. Results: The prevalence of CHE among Iranian households in 2017 was 5.26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.04 to 5.49). The value of C was -0.17 (95% CI, -0.19 to -0.13), suggesting that CHE was mainly concentrated among socioeconomically disadvantaged households in Iran. The decomposition analysis highlighted the household wealth index as explaining 71.7% of the concentration of CHE among the poor in Iran. Conclusions: This study revealed that CHE is disproportionately concentrated among poor households in Iran. Health policies to reduce socioeconomic inequality in facing CHE in Iran should focus on socioeconomically disadvantaged households.

Applications of 5G and 6G in Smart Health Services

  • Al-Jawad, Fatimah;Alessa, Raghad;Alhammad, Sukainah;Ali, Batoola;Al-Qanbar, Majd;Rahman, Atta-ur
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.173-182
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    • 2022
  • Healthcare organizations are overwhelmingly embracing smart value-based care strategies, which focuses on providing superior treatment at a significantly lower cost and quality of service (QoS). For these purposes, fifth generation (5G) of mobile service provides an innumerable improvement that clearly outperforms previous generations e.g., 3G and 4G. However, as with most advancements, 5G is projected to introduce new challenges, prompting the community to think about what comes next. This research was conducted to examine the most recent smart 5G technology applications and the solutions they provide to the healthcare industry. Finally, the paper discusses how the upcoming 6G technology has the potential to transform the future of healthcare sector even beyond the current 5G systems.

IoT-Based Health Big-Data Process Technologies: A Survey

  • Yoo, Hyun;Park, Roy C.;Chung, Kyungyong
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.974-992
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    • 2021
  • Recently, the healthcare field has undergone rapid changes owing to the accumulation of health big data and the development of machine learning. Data mining research in the field of healthcare has different characteristics from those of other data analyses, such as the structural complexity of the medical data, requirement for medical expertise, and security of personal medical information. Various methods have been implemented to address these issues, including the machine learning model and cloud platform. However, the machine learning model presents the problem of opaque result interpretation, and the cloud platform requires more in-depth research on security and efficiency. To address these issues, this paper presents a recent technology for Internet-of-Things-based (IoT-based) health big data processing. We present a cloud-based IoT health platform and health big data processing technology that reduces the medical data management costs and enhances safety. We also present a data mining technology for health-risk prediction, which is the core of healthcare. Finally, we propose a study using explainable artificial intelligence that enhances the reliability and transparency of the decision-making system, which is called the black box model owing to its lack of transparency.

A Study on Applications of Healthcare & Medicine Information Protection for Cloud-Based Precision Medicine (클라우드 기반 안전한 정밀의료 실현을 위한 보건의료정보 보호 적용 방안에 관한 연구)

  • Dong-Won Kim
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2022
  • Globally, the medical field is growing very fast with technology development and convergence with ICT technology, and Precision Medicine using personal health information, genetic information, and clinical information is growing into a next-generation medical industry. Since Precision Medicine deals with individual health and life, the issues of personal information protection and health and medical information protection are emerging.Accordingly, this paper presents security improvements by domestic and foreign standards, laws, and systems in the cloud and medical field, and proposes a plan to protect healthcare and medicine information protection for safe Precision Medicine.

Considerations on Standardization in Smart Hospitals

  • Sun-Ju Ahn;Sungin Lee;Chi Hye Park;Da Yeon Kwon;Sooyeon Jeon;Han Byeol Lee;Sang Rok Oh
    • Health Policy and Management
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.4-16
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    • 2024
  • Smart hospitals involve the use of recent ICT (information and communications technology) technologies to improve healthcare access, efficiency, and effectiveness. Standardization in smart hospital technologies is crucial for interoperability, scalability, policy formulation, quality control, and maintenance. This study reviewed relevant international standards for smart hospitals and the organizations that develop them. Specific attention was paid to robotics in smart hospitals and the potential for standardization in this area. The study used online resources and existing standards to analyze technologies, standards, and practices in smart hospitals. Key technologies of smart hospitals were identified. Relevant standards from ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) were mapped to each core technology. Korea's leadership in smart hospital technology were highlighted. Approaches for standardizing smart hospitals were proposed. Finally, potential new international standard items for robotics in smart hospitals were identified and categorized by function: sampling, remote operation, delivery, disinfection, and movement tracking/contact tracing. Standardization in smart hospital technologies is crucial for ensuring interoperability, scalability, ethical use of artificial intelligence, and quality control. Implementing international standards in smart hospitals is expected to benefit individuals, healthcare institutions, nations, and industry by improving healthcare access, quality, and competitiveness.

Comparative Analysis of Sperm Motility Using Cell Soft System-3000 and Sperm Quality Analyzer-V (Cell Soft System-3000과 Sperm Quality Analyzer-V를 이용한 정자 운동성 비교 분석)

  • Park, Yong-Seog;Lee, Sun-Hee;Han, Sang-Chul;Koong, Mi-Kyoung;Kim, Jong-Woo;Seo, Ju-Tae
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.165-169
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    • 2003
  • Objective: To evaluate the results of CASA systems and to compare its results. Methods: Fifty semen sampales were analysed. Concentration, motility and forward progression were evaluated simultaneously on the same semen samples using Cell Soft System-3000 (CS system) and Sperm Quality Analyzer-V (SQA system). Results: Mean semen volume was $2.8{\pm}1.2\;ml$. Mean value of sperm concentration, motility, forward progression using CS system were $83.4{\pm}45.7{\times}10^6/ml$, $52.3{\pm}16.4%$ and $48.6{\pm}13.4%$, respectively. And mean value of sperm concentration, motility, forward progression using SQA system were $78.2{\pm}42.9{\times}10^6/ml$, $57.0{\pm}24.0%$ and $50.6{\pm}21.9%$, respectively. There were no statistical significancy of sperm concentration, motility, forward progression between the two devices. Conclusion: SQA system variables well correlated with the CS system. As a screening test for semen quality, CS system and SQA system is considered as useful in the management of male infertility.

The Structural Relations of leadership Type, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment in Healthcare Organizations (보건의료 조직에서 리더십 유형, 직무만족, 조직몰입 간의 구조적 관계 : 간호 및 행정직을 중심으로)

  • Jung, Min-Soo;Lee, Bo-Hye;Choi, Man-Kyu
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.49-58
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    • 2009
  • Healthcare organizations need mutual cooperation among various medical professionals in order to carry out the performance of their duties spite of haying a strong job specialization and independence based on license. However, spite of the importance of leadership roles, there have not been enough researches dealt with leadership effect under the complex duties' relationship of a healthcare organization. This study suggested a new model by combining characteristics of leadership style, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The data were self-administered questionnaires collected in 2006 from 437 employees (nurses, medical technicians, and administrative staffs) of 5 hospitals located in Seoul. The items of questionnaire were composed as a method of choosing new leadership style based on the Bass's standardized questionnaire on a Iransactionaljtransformational leadership combining the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire-XII (LBDQ-XII) of the Ohio State University and Graen and Uhl-Bien's LMK scale through simulation techniques responding to organizational commitment. As a result, the leadership style increasing employees' self-confidence and having continuous response relationship between managers and employees improved their discretion and empowerment as well as worthwhileness and pride. However, the leadership style emphasizing reward and a sense of duty brought about a bed result that was not able to effectively respond to employees' discretion and empowerment and even weakened their worthwhileness and pride. After all, the leadership style based on vision and change had an effect on organizational commitment but the other one based on reward and a sense of duty seemed to be unsuccessful in organizational commitment. Therefore, the desirable leadership in a healthcare organization should be based on employees' self-confidence and continuous response relationship between managers and employees.

A Study on the Future Bathroom Coupled with Smart Healthcare System (스마트 헬스케어 시스템이 결합된 미래 욕실 제품에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Ga-Young;Lee, Dong-Min
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.203-209
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    • 2018
  • Recent advances in healthcare-adapted devices, the increase in chronic diseases and the increasing social needs due to aging, trigger the development of smart healthcare systems and present a new medical paradigm. As a result, moves are being made to accommodate the changing healthcare concept of modern residential areas. In particular, the bathrooms in residential areas are becoming diverse as medical spaces with various types of bathroom culture. Therefore, by actively utilizing the digital medical procedure 3, the smart health care system was applied, I thought about future bathroom products (like smart shower and smart scales) and searched for the technology necessary for each person's needs. By planning a product suitable for a changing bathroom, it will be useful for the development of smart healthcare technology through future national and policy improvements in preparation for the age of the fourth industrial revolution.

Healthcare System using Pegged Blockchain considering Scalability and Data Privacy

  • Azizan, Akmal;Pham, Quoc-Viet;Han, Suk Young;Kim, Jung Eon;Kim, Hoon;Park, Junseok;Hwang, Won-Joo
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.613-625
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    • 2019
  • The rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices have greatly influenced many industries and one of them is healthcare where wearable devices started to track all your daily activities for better health monitoring accuracy and even down to tracking daily food intake in some cases. With the amounts of data that are being tracked and shared between from these devices, questions were raised on how to uphold user's data privacy when data is shared between these IoT devices and third party. With the blockchain platforms started to mature since its inception, the technology can be implemented according to a variety of use case scenarios. In this paper, we present a system architecture based on the healthcare system and IoT network by leveraging on multiple blockchain networks as the medium in between that should enable users to have direct authority on data accessibility of their shared data. We provide proof of concept implementation and highlight the results from our testing to show how the efficiency and scalability of the healthcare system improved without having a significant impact on the performance of the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) that mostly affected by the previous solution since these solutions directly connected to a public blockchain network and which resulted in significant delays and high cost of operation when a large amount of data or complicated functions are involved.

A study on the applications and prospects of big data in the field of digital dental healthcare (디지털 덴탈 헬스케어 분야에서의 빅데이터 활용 전망에 대한 연구)

  • Jae-Kyung Ryu;Nam-Joong Kim;So-Min Kim;Sun-Kyoung Lee
    • Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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    • v.46 no.2
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the applications and prospects of big data in digital dental healthcare. Methods: The study included 30 participants in the dental field (dentists, technicians, professors, and graduate students). From June 25 to 30, 2023, the contents of the study were thoroughly explained, consent was obtained from the research subjects, and a questionnaire was administered via an internet service. The questionnaires of 28 participants who responded completely were used for analysis. The collected data were statistically processed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 22.0 (IBM). Results: The use of big data in digital dental healthcare, digital dental health system, mobile dental health, dental health analysis, and telehealthcare were all heavily surveyed, with an average score of 3.97 or higher on a 5-point Likert scale. The areas where big data can be utilized in digital dental healthcare are as follows. The utilization rate for three-dimensional digital product development via linkage with big data systems and industrial field manufacturing technology was found to be 4.11±0.67, and the analysis of trends by age in the occurrence of various oral diseases was found to be 4.00±0.98. Conclusion: In the future, research into the viability of big data's success in the medical data field, which is directly related to human life, is needed. Additionally, social policies and regulations regarding big data-related information and standards in dental healthcare are necessary.