• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2008

Because of its capability of automatic identification of objects, RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) technologies have extended their application areas to logistics, healthcare, and food management system. Load balancing is a basic technique for improving scalability of systems by moving loads of overloaded middlewares to under loaded ones. Adaptive load balancing has been known to be effective for distributed systems of a large load variance under unpredictable situations. There are needs for applying load balancing to RFID middlewares because they must efficiently treat vast numbers of RFID tags which are collected from multiple RFID readers. Because there can be a large amount of variance in loads of RFID middlewares which are difficult to predict, it is desirable to consider adaptive load balancing approach for RFID middlewares, which can dynamically choose a proper load balancing strategy depending on the current load. This paper proposes an adaptive load balancing approach for RFID middlewares and presents its design and implementation. First we decide a performance model by a experiment with a real RFID middleware. Then, a set of proper load balancing strategies for high/medium/low system loads is determined from a simulation of various load balancing strategies based on the performance model.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.107-121
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• 2014

Distributed systems are collection of physically distributed computers linked by a network. General use of wired/wireless Internet enables users to make use of distributed service anytime and anywhere. The explosive growth of distributed services strongly requires functional verification of services as well as verification of non-functional elements such as service quality. In order to verify distributed services it is necessary to build a test environment for distributed systems. Because, however, distributed systems are composed of physically distributed nodes, efforts to construct a test environment are required more than those in a test environment for a monolithic system. In this paper we propose a test framework to verify functional and non-functional features of distributed systems. The suggested framework automatically generates test cases through the message sequence charts, and includes a test driver composed of the virtual nodes which can simulate the physically distributed nodes. The test result can be checked easily through the various graphs and the graphical user interface (GUI). The test framework can reduce testing efforts for a distributed system and can enhance the reliability of the system.

• Journal of Software Engineering Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

A project to establish an information system with a project cost of more than 500 million won at a local public firm is subject to the Information System Audit (hereinafter referred to as IS Audit), and the IS Auditor shall conduct audit according to the audit criteria. Recently, as blockchain technology has been applied to various fields such as manufacturing, healthcare, distribution, and public sectors beyond the financial industry, the development of systems that apply blockchain technology is increasing. The use of Hyperledger Fabric, a private blockchain, is on the rise to utilize blockchain technology in public firms and private firms. However, the newly emerging blockchain-based system is not sufficient to carry out auditing with existing audit check items, so it has no choice but to make and use audit items individually. Therefore, a need for verified audit items for systems that base on blockchain technology has emerged. In this study, we customized the Delphi process to derive audit items suitable for the system development project using the blockchain technology, and verified the completeness and accuracy of the audit items derived through a survey by the IS Auditor. This research will be of direct help to the IS Auditor, and it is expected that operators and organizers who provide services through the blockchain-based system will also contribute to improving the quality of the system.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2002

this paper, we propose a flexible, reusable, and extensible HL7 encoding and decoding framework using a Message Object Model (MOM) and Message Definition Repository (MDR). The MOM provides an abstract HL7 message form represented by a group of objects and their relationships. It reflects logical relationships among the standard HL7 message elements such as segments, fields, and components, while enforcing the key structural constraints imposed by the standard. Since the MOM completely eliminates the dependency of the HL7 encoder and decoder on platform-specific data formats, it makes it possible to build the encoder and decoder as reusable standalone software components, enabling the interconnection of arbitrary heterogeneous hospital information systems(HISs) with little effort. Moreover, the MDR, an external database of key definitions for HL7 messages, helps make the encoder and decoder as resilient as possible to future modifications of the standard HL7 message formats. It is also used by the encoder and decoder to perform a well formedness check for their respective inputs (i. e., HL7 message objects expressed in the MOM and encoded HL7 message strings). Although we implemented a prototype version of the encoder and decoder using JAVA, they can be easily packaged and delivered as standalone components using the standard component frameworks like ActiveX, JAVABEAN, or CORBA component.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.504-516
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• 2018

Many countries have tried to reform financing systems toward UHC and paid attention to the function of strategic purchasing. This study was performed to examine theoretical foundations and the function of strategic purchasing. And we examined the functions of strategic purchasing in Korea based on the framework proposed by Preker(2005). For this purpose, we reviewed literature related to purchasing. we defined the strategic purchasing as strategic activities to provide health care services people need within a given budget, which is carried out by certain organizations, purchasing organizations. These activities include selecting appropriate providers, designing and operating the payment system, setting the price, and determining the target populations and their needs etc. The relationships among government, purchasers and healthcare providers can be explained by the principal-agent theory. In addition to Preker's framework, we emphasized the importance of the infrastructure such as decision making support systems, information systems, health care resource management systems, or expenditure monitoring systems. The National Health Insurance Service and the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service play major roles in performing strategic purchasing.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.3
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• pp.339-352
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• 2009

There are a number of formal methods for distributed real-time systems in ubiquitous computing to analyze and verify the behavioral, temporal and the spatial properties of the systems. However most of the methods reveal structural and fundamental limitations of complexity due to mixture of spatial and behavioral representations. Further temporal specification makes the complexity more complicate. In order to overcome the limitations, this paper presents a new formal method, called Timed Calculus of Abstract Real-Time Distribution, Mobility and Interaction(t-CARDMI). t-CARDMI separates spatial representation from behavioral representation to simplify the complexity. Further temporal specification is permitted only in the behavioral representation to make the complexity less complicate. The distinctive features of the temporal properties in t-CARDMI include waiting time, execution time, deadline, timeout action, periodic action, etc. both in movement and interaction behaviors. For analysis and verification of spatial and temporal properties of the systems in specification, t-CARDMI presents Timed Action Graph (TAG), where the spatial and temporal properties are visually represented in a two-dimensional diagram with the pictorial distribution of movements and interactions. t-CARDMI can be considered to be one of the most innovative formal methods in distributed real-time systems in ubiquitous computing to specify, analyze and verify the spatial, behavioral and the temporal properties of the systems very efficiently and effectively. The paper presents the formal syntax and semantics of t-CARDMI with a tool, called SAVE, for a ubiquitous healthcare application.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.77-100
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• 2009

Information Systems (IS) is an essential tool for any organizations. The last decade has seen an increasing body of knowledge on IS usage. Yet, IS often fails because of its misuse or non-use. In general, decisions regarding the selection of a system, which involve the evaluation of many IS vendors and an enormous initial investment, are made not through the consensus of employees but through the top-down decision making by top managers. In situations where the selected system does not satisfy the needs of the employees, the forced use of the selected IS will only result in their resistance to it. Many organizations have been either integrating dispersed legacy systems such as archipelago or adopting a new ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system to enhance employee efficiency. This study examines user resistance prior to the adoption of the selected IS or ERP system. As such, this study identifies the importance of managing organizational resistance that may appear in the pre-adoption context of an integrated IS or ERP system, explores key factors influencing user resistance, and investigates how prior experience with other integrated IS or ERP systems may change the relationship between the affecting factors and user resistance. This study focuses on organizational members' resistance and the affecting factors in the pre-adoption context of an integrated IS or ERP system rather than in the context of an ERP adoption itself or ERP post-adoption. Based on prior literature, this study proposes a research model that considers six key variables, including perceived benefit, system complexity, fitness with existing tasks, attitude toward change, the psychological reactance trait, and perceived IT competence. They are considered as independent variables affecting user resistance toward an integrated IS or ERP system. This study also introduces the concept of prior experience (i.e., whether a user has prior experience with an integrated IS or ERP system) as a moderating variable to examine the impact of perceived benefit and attitude toward change in user resistance. As such, we propose eight hypotheses with respect to the model. For the empirical validation of the hypotheses, we developed relevant instruments for each research variable based on prior literature and surveyed 95 professional researchers and the administrative staff of the Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI). We examined the organizational characteristics of KOPTI, the reasons behind their adoption of an ERP system, process changes caused by the introduction of the system, and employees' resistance/attitude toward the system at the time of the introduction. The results of the multiple regression analysis suggest that, among the six variables, perceived benefit, complexity, attitude toward change, and the psychological reactance trait significantly influence user resistance. These results further suggest that top management should manage the psychological states of their employees in order to minimize their resistance to the forced IS, even in the new system pre-adoption context. In addition, the moderating variable-prior experience was found to change the strength of the relationship between attitude toward change and system resistance. That is, the effect of attitude toward change in user resistance was significantly stronger in those with prior experience than those with no prior experience. This result implies that those with prior experience should be identified and provided with some type of attitude training or change management programs to minimize their resistance to the adoption of a system. This study contributes to the IS field by providing practical implications for IS practitioners. This study identifies system resistance stimuli of users, focusing on the pre-adoption context in a forced ERP system environment. We have empirically validated the proposed research model by examining several significant factors affecting user resistance against the adoption of an ERP system. In particular, we find a clear and significant role of the moderating variable, prior ERP usage experience, in the relationship between the affecting factors and user resistance. The results of the study suggest the importance of appropriately managing the factors that affect user resistance in organizations that plan to introduce a new ERP system or integrate legacy systems. Moreover, this study offers to practitioners several specific strategies (in particular, the categorization of users by their prior usage experience) for alleviating the resistant behaviors of users in the process of the ERP adoption before a system becomes available to them. Despite the valuable contributions of this study, there are also some limitations which will be discussed in this paper to make the study more complete and consistent.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2016

Background: Korean Working Conditions Surveys (KWCS), referencing European Working Conditions Surveys, have been conducted three times in order to survey working condition and develop work-related policies. However, we found three limitations for managing the collected KWCS data: (1) there was no computerized system for managing data; (2) statistical KWCS data were provided by limited one-way communication; and (3) the concept of a one-time provision of information was pursued. We suggest a web-based public service system that enables ordinary people to make greater use of the KWCS data, which can be managed constantly in the future. Methods: After considering data characteristics, we designed a database, which was able to have the result of all pairwise combinations with two extracted data to construct an analysis system. Using the data of the social network for each user, the tailored analysis system was developed. This system was developed with three methods: clustering and classification for building a social network, and an infographic method for improving readability through a friendly user interface. Results: We developed a database including one input entity consisting of the sociodemographic characteristics and one output entity consisting of working condition characteristics, such as working pattern and work satisfaction. A web-based public service system to provide tailored contents was completed. Conclusion: This study aimed to present a customized analysis system to use the KWCS data efficiently, provide a large amount of data in a form that can give users a better understanding, and lay the ground for helping researchers and policy makers understand the characteristics.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2464-2467
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore the effectives of a virtual bicycle system in improving the ability of equilibrium sense of normal healthy adults. Experiments were performed to find the factors related to the training of equilibrium sense. The subjects consisted of young and elderly people and the group of young people was compared against the group of elderly people. We investigated three different running modes of virtual bicycle system with two successive sets in total. W measured the parameters related to the running time, the velocity, the weight movement, the degree of the deviation from the road, and the location of the center of pressure (COP). The results showed that the running capability of the elderly became much better after repeated training. In addition, it was found out that the ability to control postural balance and the capability of equilibrium sensory were improved with the presentation of the visual feedback information of the distribution of weight. We also found that the running time and the running velocity reduced when there was no visual feedback information. From the results, our newly developed bicycle system seems to be effective in the diagnosis of equilibrium sense as well as in the improvement of the sense of sight, and vestibular function of the elderly in the field of rehabilitation training.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.604-607
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• 2018

From the last past decade, the Internet of Thing (IoT) area has attracted a lot of attention from researchers. It is said to be a promising technology with great impact in people life, since it redefines the relationship objects have with Human and between themselves. It allows objects to gather data from the real world and communicate with others through the internet. This enabled many opportunities for service providers, companies, factories, environmental monitoring, healthcare, smart cities, and soon. Therefore, today, IoT is densely used in various domains of life, and knows an exponential growth. However, although many advancements have been achieved, several challenges keep causing issues and still need to be overcome. This paper gives an overview on the current trend issues in IoT on which researchers are focusing. It's also explores different proposed frameworks to allow the application of cognitive computing as an integrated process of an Internet of things (IoT) systems, to bring a great advanced in the way machine may communicate with human and their surroundings. This is known as cognitive IoT (CIoT), which allows machines to produce a human-like behavior, then providing enhanced level of capabilities to IoT.