• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2004

The study is designed to develop an educational CD-Title for Basic Life Support. The study is conducted from July to December, 2002, Based on the course of program development suggested by Dick and Cray. the study followed the planning, development, education and evaluation of a program. The developed CD-Title consists of 8 parts. 1. Intro include Introduction, Adult CPR, Child CPR, Infant CPR, Adult Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction, Infant Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction, and Exercise in Menu at Right of screen. 2. Introduction consist of death process at cardiac arresst, chain of survival, introduction of CPR, respiratory & ciculatory anatomy and physiology. 3. Adult CPR consist of assessment responsiveness, activating EMS system, position victim, opening a airway, checking for breathing, rescue breathing, checking for sign of circulation, chest compression, 1 person & 2 persion adult CPR video. 4. Child & Infant CPR consist of, causes, assessment responsiveness, position victim, opening the airway, checking for breathing, rescue breathing, checking for sign of circulation, chest compression, activating EMS system, child & infant CPR video. 5. Adult Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction include assessment responsiveness, activating EMS system, position victim, opening a airway, checking for breathing, 2 rescue breathing, reopening the airway, 2 rescue breathing, finger sweep, 5 abdominal thrusts, unresponsiveness adult Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction video. 6. Infant Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction consist of, causes, assessment responsiveness, position victim, opening the airway, checking for breathing, 2 rescue breathing, reopening the airway, 2 rescue breathing, checking foreign-body object in oral cavity of victim, 5 back blow, 5 chest thsusts, activating EMS system, video. 7. 32 exercise consist of 8 Adult CPR, 12 Child & Infant CPR, 5 Adult Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction, 7 Infant Foreign-Body Airway Obstruction. Every part consist of animations to trigger students interests. This CD-Title will be useful education for first responders and lay rescuers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2023

Objectives: Work stress is associated with non-communicable diseases, increased healthcare costs, and decreased work productivity among employees in the information technology sector. There is a need for regular work-stress screening among employees using valid and reliable tools. The Tool to Assess and Classify Work Stress (TAWS-16) was developed to overcome limitations in existing stress assessment tools in India. This study aimed to test the reliability of TAWS-16 in a sample of managerial-supervisory employees. Methods: This observational reliability study included data from 62 employees. Test-retest and inter-method reliability were investigated using a TAWS-16 web application and interview by telephone, respectively. Kappa values and intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated. Internal consistency was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Results: For both test-retest and inter-method reliability, the agreement for both work-related factors and symptoms suggestive of work stress exceeded 80%, and all kappa values were 0.40 or higher. Cronbach's alpha for test-retest and inter-method reliability was 0.983 and 0.941, respectively. Conclusions: TAWS-16 demonstrated acceptable reliability. It measured stressors, coping abilities, and psychosomatic symptoms associated with work stress. We recommend using TAWS-16 to holistically identify work stress among employees during periodical health check-ups in India.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2019

Objectives: In this study, we investigated an assessment for exposure levels of hazardous substances to kids cafes that unregulated by law. Methods: Heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, pesticides and phthalate were measured at 20 kids cafes in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon. Samplings were conducted from April to July in 2018. Results: Heavy metals were detected over the standard mainly around the floor and walls in the 19 kids cafes. Pesticides were detected in 7 locations with chlorpyrifos, diazinon and cypermethrin, and showed the highest detection level of chlorpyrifos. The concentrations of DEHP in all kids cafes were exceeded with standard. The risk assessment results showed that HCHO as carcinogen had a safety level and DEHP as non-carcinogens had a safety level as assessed to be under than 0.1. Conclusions: Considering the exposure investigation results and the importance of child health protection, kids cafe should be included in the legal management list of children's activities zones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.3-7
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• 1999

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2011

The results of comparing $PM_{10}$ concentration between 'Namsan' and 'Yongsan-gu' air quality monitoring stations show similar values with averaged concentration in the whole Seoul. The correlation factors in both sites were 0.865, 0.828 in 2005, 2006, respectively. For 'Bukhansan' and 'Gangbuk-gu' air quality monitoring stations, different from the results mentioned above, they showed clear differences as altitude changes. PM10 concentration in 'Bukhansan' monitoring stations was 10 ${\mu}g/m^3$ lower than 'Gangbuk-gu' monitoring station which is located near the ground. Also, averaged PM10 concentration in 'Bukhansan' and 'Gangbuk-gu' monitoring stations was lower than that in the whole Seoul. When comparing $NO_2$ concentration between 'Namsan' and 'Yongsan-gu' monitoring stations, $NO_2$ concentration in 'Namsan' monitoring station was lower than 'Yongsan-gu' monitoring station. For $NO_2$ concentration in 'Bukhansan', 'Gangbuk-gu' and 'the whole Seoul', there were the same pattern in 'Gangbuk-gu' and the 'the whole Seoul' and low values in 'Bukhansan' monitoring station. The correlation factors of $NO_2$ concentration in 'Bukhansan' and 'Gangbukgu' was 0.525, 0.549 in 2005, 2006, respectively, which stands for low correlationship.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.3 s.58
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• pp.530-539
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• 1997

This study was conducted to assess the health risk on the volatile organic compounds such as toluene, xylene, and styrene in painting workplace. It was monitored through personal air sampling during working time in selected 5 workplaces and analysed using gas chromatography. For the settlement of exposure situation, there were regarded working conditions such as working hours, yearly working days, and working years. Also, Monte-Carlo simulation was used for the induction of hazard index using toxicity value from IRIS(Integrated risk information system) database. The results of risk assessment were summarized as follows. 1. The air concentration of toluene was $7.096{\pm}15,644ppm,\;2.586{\pm}4.275ppm\;for\;xylene,\;1.914{\pm}5.320ppm$ for styrene in blast painting workplaces. The level of toluene was different significantly compared with the level of xylene and styrene. 2. Computated chronic daily intake values of 95th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 9.616, 3.567, 2.782 mg/kg/day, respectively. 3. Computated hazard index values of 75th percentile on toluene, xylene and styrene treated by Monte-Carlo simulation were 3.5, 1.0 and 1.6, respectively. Adverse health effects on the toluene, xylene and styrene would be expected by working exposure in selected 5 workplaces since the hazard indices of three compounds were exceeded 1 in the surroundings of 75th percentile though having the low emerged frequency.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2022

This paper proposes a method for evaluating the work of manufacturing workers using MediaPipe as a risk factor for musculoskeletal diseases. Recently, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by repeated working attitudes in industrial sites have emerged as one of the biggest problems in the industrial health field while increasing public interest. The Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency presents tools such as NIOSH Lifting Equations (NIOSH), OWAS (Ovako Working-posture Analysis System), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), and Rapid Entertainment Assessment (REBA) as ways to quantitatively calculate the risk of musculoskeletal diseases that can occur due to workers' repeated working attitudes. To compensate for these shortcomings, the system proposed in this study obtains the position of the joint by estimating the posture of the worker using the posture estimation learning model of MediaPipe. The position of the joint is calculated using inverse kinetics to obtain an angle and substitute it into the REBA equation to calculate the load level of the working posture. The calculated result was compared to the expert's image-based REBA evaluation result, and if there was a result with a large error, feedback was conducted with the expert again.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.460-467
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• 2018

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to estimate the inhalation exposure level of benzene for workers using Tier 1 exposure models ECETOC TRA (European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals Target Risk Assessment) and Stoffenmanager, and to investigate their reliability for exposure assessment in K-REACH. Methods: Two exposure scenarios, 'manufacture of benzene' and 'use as solvents,' were developed for assessment of workers' exposure to benzene. The Process Category (PROC) for ECETOC TRA was collected from the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) registration dossier, and the Activity for Stoffenmanager was converted from PROC using translation of exposure models (TREXMO). The information related to exposure, such as working duration, Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE), Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV), and Risk Management Measure (RMM) were classified into high, medium, and low exposure conditions. The risk was determined by the ratio of the estimated exposure and occupational exposure limits of benzene. Results: Under high exposure conditions, the worker exposure level calculated from all PROCs and Activities exceeded the risk level, with the exception of PROC 1 and Activity 1. In the medium exposure condition, PROC 8a, 8b, and 9 and Activity 3, 7, and 8 all exceeded the risk, whereas in the low condition, all PROCs and Activities were determined to be safe. As a result, action corresponding with the low exposure condition is required to reduce the risk of exposure among workers in workplaces where benzene is manufactured or used as a solvent. In addition, the predicted exposure levels derived from the exposure models were lower than measured levels. The exposure levels estimated from Stoffenmanager were more conservative than those from ECETOC TRA. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of exposure models for exposure assessment through the example of occupational inhalation exposure assessment for benzene. For more active utilization of exposure models in K-REACH, the exact application of collected information and accurate interpretation of obtained results are necessary.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.2230-2243
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• 2022

The tin tailing processing industry in Malaysia has operated with minimal regard and awareness for material management and working environment safety, impacting the environment and workers in aspects of radiation and heavy metal exposure. RIA was conducted where environmental samples were analyzed, revealing concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K between the range of 0.1-10.0, 0.0-25.7, and 0.1-5.8 Bq/g respectively, resulting in the AED exceeding UNCEAR recommended value and regulation limit enforced by AELB (1 mSv/y). Ra_eq calculated indicates that samples collected pose a significant threat to human health from gamma-ray exposure. Assessment of heavy metal content via pollution indices of soil and sediment showed significant contamination and enrichment from processing activities conducted. As and Fe were two of the highest metals exposed both via soil ingestion with an average of 4.6 × 10^-3 mg/kg-day and 1.4 × 10^-4 mg/kg-day, and dermal contact with an average of 5.6 × 10^-4 mg/kg-day and 6.0 × 10^-4. mg/kg-day respectively. Exposure via accidental ingestion of soil and sediment could potentially cause adverse non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effect towards workers in the industry. Correlation analysis indicates the presence of a relationship between the concentration of NORM and trace elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.483-500
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• 2007

Emerging sensor-based structural health monitoring (SHM) technology can play an important role in inspecting and securing the safety of aging civil infrastructure, a worldwide problem. However, implementation of SHM in civil infrastructure faces a significant challenge due to the lack of suitable sensors and reliable methods for interpreting sensor data. This paper reviews recent efforts and advances made in addressing this challenge, with example sensor hardware and software developed in the author's research center. It is proposed to integrate real-time continuous monitoring using on structure sensors for global structural integrity evaluation with targeted NDE inspection for local damage assessment.