• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.465-471
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• 2015

Objectives: An objective of this study is to apply a thermal image camera which shows various color according to temperature of indoor surface for estimating concentration of airborne fungi. Materials and Methods: While wall temperature were monitored by applying the thermal image camera, airborne bacteria as well as air temperature and relative humidity have been measured in lecture room and toilet of university for seven months. Results: Based on the results obtained from this study, the ranges of temperature and airborne fungi concentration were $20{\sim}24^{\circ}C$ and $20{\sim}400cfu/m^3 $ for red image, $17.5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ and $35{\sim}150cfu/m^3$ for orange image, $15.5{\sim}17.5^{\circ}C$ and $25{\sim}650cfu/m^3$ for sky-blue image, and $13.5{\sim}15.5^{\circ}C$ and $50{\sim}200cfu/m^3$ for blue image, respectively. The color of indoor surface taken shot by thermal image camera showed consistent trend with temperature of indoor surface. There is, however, little correlation between color of indoor surface and airborne fungi concentration(p>0.05). Among environmental factors, relative humidity in indoor air showed a significant relationship with airborne fungi concentration(p<0.05). Conclusions: The more measurement data for proving statistically an association between color of indoor surface and airborne fungi concentration should be provided to easily estimate indoor level of airborne fungi.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.296-306
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• 1996

The ultimate aim of this study is to find high-fiber sources among Korean common foods and to develop a high-fiber supplement which can be useful in the therapeutic diet for the diabetic patients. For this purpose the effect of four kinds of seaweeds(mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce : MPS, sea tanle : ST, sea mustard : SM, agar agar : AA) on the glucose and lipid mtabolism were examined. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed dietary fiber-free control diet or one of experimental diets containing 7% of one of four seaweeds for six weeks. The effects of seaweeds were campared with the effects of fiber-free diet or pectin diet. ST, SM, and AA showed a tendency of improving glucose tolerance improvement by those seaweeds, however, was less than that by pectin. MPS was found to possess a serum cholesterol-lowering effect which is comparable to that of pectin. All the supplementations of seaweeds induced significant increase in fecal steroids excretion. The amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion follwing in feeding of MPS and SM were as high as the level cause by pectin. The excretion of bile acids in the MPS group was much higher than that in the pectin group. Based on its effects of alleviating the diabetic symptoms in the previous study and of improving the glucose tolerance, sea mustard seems to have a benefical effect on glucose metabolism. The serum cholesterol-lowering effect of MPS possibly due to the significant increase in fecal steroids excretion suggests that MPS may be effective in improving abnormalities of lipid metabolism. Therefore, sea tangle and mixture of purple laver & sea lettuce seem to be promising as an effective source of high-fiber supplement for the diabetic patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of a dietary reference intake (DRI) predictive equation for estimated energy requirements (EER) in female college tennis athletes and non-athlete students using doubly labeled water (DLW) as a reference method. MATERIALS/METHODS: Fifteen female college students, including eight tennis athletes and seven non-athlete subjects (aged between 19 to 24 years), were involved in the study. Subjects' total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by the DLW method, and EER were calculated using the DRI predictive equation. The accuracy of this equation was assessed by comparing the EER calculated using the DRI predictive equation ($EER_{DRI}$) and TEE measured by the DLW method ($TEE_{DLW}$) based on calculation of percentage difference mean and percentage of accurate prediction. The agreement between the two methods was assessed by the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: The percentage difference mean between the methods was -1.1% in athletes and 1.8% in non-athlete subjects, whereas the percentage of accurate prediction was 37.5% and 85.7%, respectively. In the case of athletic subjects, the DRI predictive equation showed a clear bias negatively proportional to the subjects' TEE. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggest that the DRI predictive equation could be used to obtain EER in non-athlete female college students at a group level. However, this equation would be difficult to use in the case of athletes at the group and individual levels. The development of a new and more appropriate equation for the prediction of energy expenditure in athletes is proposed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.619-625
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• 2001

Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-245g by injection of streptozotocin(STZ) into the tail vein at a dose of 45mg/kg and were divided into seven groups ; normal, diabetic control, and five experimental groups(fractions of hexane, chloroform(CHCl$_3$), ethylacetate(EtOAc), butanol(BuOH) and water($H_2O$)). The rats of all groups were fed on AIN-93 diet and the five experimental groups were orally administered each fraction for 14 days. The body weight and diet intake were monitored daily. The plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities were analyzed. Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. The plasma glucose levels of the CHCl$_3$, and $H_2O$ fraction groups were significantly lower than the other experimental groups. The plasma insulin level of the CHCl$_3$ fraction group was much higher than that of diabetic control group. The plasma cholesterol levels were increased in all the experimental groups. The groups of hexane, BuOH and H2() fractions showed the lower plasma triglyceride levels compared to diabetic control group. The plasma free fatty acid levels were not significantly different in all groups. HDL-cholesterol levels were definitely higher in hexane, CHCl$_3$ and EtOAc fraction groups than that of diabetic control group. In conclusion, administration of CHCl$_3$ and $H_2O$ fractions of methanol extract of Alisma canaliculatum exhibited hypoglycemic effects in STZ induced diabetic rats, showing the possibility of therapeutic use of Alisma canaliculatum to the diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.728-742
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• 1993

The effects of dietary calcium levels on the blood pressure and calcium metabolism were investigated. Nine normotensive female college students having hypertention family history were participated in 4-week dietary expeiments. They were provided with either high Ca diet (HCa, average 797mg/day) or low Ca diet(LCa, average 225mg/day) during two weeks, each, consecutively. Sodium amounts of the body diets were 3566~4022mg/day, which were ordinary sodium intake levels in Korea. After the HCa, systolic blood pressures(SBR) in both seated and isogrip-seated postitions were decreased by about 2.5mgHg, comparing with those after the LCa(p<.05). Diastoilc blood pressures(DBP) were not changed by dietary calcium levels. Serum total Ca, ionized Ca, Mg and P levels and Ca/Mg ratio were not different between the HCa and the LCa. Serum parathyroid hormone(PTH) levels were similar between two diets, but individually in seven of nine subjects, the slightly lower values of PTH were observed after the HCa than after the LCa. Urinary excretion of Ca(p<.01), Mg(p<.05) and P(p<.1) were increased after the HCa comparing with the LCa, but Ca/Mg ratio were not different between the two diets. SBP was in positive correlations with boty urinary excretion of Ca(supine, r=.7356, p<.05) and urinary Ca/Mg ratio(isogrip-seated, r=.7483, p<.05). SBP was also negatively correlated with serum P level(supine, r=-.6930, p<.05) and DBP was in negative correlation with urinary P excretion(seated, r=-.8586, p<.01). Serum total and ionized Ca, Mg, Ca/Mg ratio were not significantly correlated with blood pressures.

• 한국인삼전략화협의회:학술대회논문집
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• v.2003 no.09
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• pp.77-88
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• 2003

"Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been a popular herbal remedy used in eastern Asian cultures for thousands of years, and a number of health claims are made for it. Modern therapeutic claims for ginseng refer to vitality, immune function, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and sexual function. These claims are mostly based on uncontrolled or non-randomized studies. Among modern therapeutic claims, however, therapeutic effects for diabetes can reasonably be accepted. Following experiment was done recently in our lab: this study was designed to compare the antidiabetic activities between Ginseng Radix Alba (GRA), Ginseng Radix Rubra (GRR) and Panax Quinquefoli Radix (PQR) in multiple low dose (MLD) streptozotocin (STZ) (20mg/kg i.p injection for 5 days) induced diabetic rats. In the glucose tolerance test, 500mg/kg of each ginseng ethanol extract was admoinistered intraperitoneally 30min before glucose challenge. While GRA failed to lower blood glucose level, GRR and PQR both significantly prevented the hyperglycemia when compared with the control group. In the MLD STZ-induced diabetic rats, 300 mg/kg of each ginseng ethanol extract was administered intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were markedly improved in all treatment groups. While GRR showed the highest antidiabetic activity, and GRA and PQR revealed somewhat equipotent antidiabetic activities, but less than that in GRR-treated group as for as blood parameters and diabetic symptoms such as polydipsia are concerned. Blood glucose levels were closely associated with plasma insulin levels, and this result may suggest that ginseng ethanol extracts showed the activity to enhance insulin secretion as well as preventing destruction of pancreatic islet cells. To elucidate the relationship between antidiabetic activity and ginsenoside profiles, seven major ginsenoside were quantified by HPLC. We figured out the fact that protopanaxatriol (PPT) : proptopanaxadiol (PPD) ratio might play an important role in its hypoglycemia effects."

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.219-230
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is reviewed of the available literature to identify the evidence of the value of Kegel exercise programs as an intervention to decrease urinary incontinence and the improvement of the quality of life following a radical prostatectomy in localized prostate cancer. Methods: We searched studies of randomized controlled trials that utilized the Kegel exercise programs with patient with a radical prostatectomy. The review was conducted electronic bibliographic database of Ovid-Medline, Embase, Scopus, KoreaMed and NDSL, etc. Of 630 publications identified, seven studies that met the inclusion criteria, and all studies analyzed by meta-analysis. To ensure the quality of the studies, we used Cochrane's Risk of Bias. Results: Kegel exercise helped patient to achieve continence more quickly (after 1, 3, 6, 12 months) than men not using Kegel exercises. Especially, Kegel exercise significantly reduced the development of urinary incontinence at one month after prostatectomy. The effectiveness of Kegel exercise after prostatectomy was found to improve the quality of life at a significant level. Conclusion: Based on available evidence, Kegel exercise that nurses can teach improved the return to continence more than usual care in men with prostatectomy urinary incontinence.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2012

Purpose: This study examined the corrosion level by alloy type and pH, and used the corrosion levels as the dental health data. The study utilized one Ni-Cr alloy for the full and removable partial denture metal frameworks and two Ni-Cr alloys for porcelain-fused-to-metal crown, among the non-beryllium dental casting non-precious Ni-Cr alloys. Methods: The alloy specimens were manufactured in $10cm^2$ and stored in the corrosive solution(pH 2.2-4.4) in the electrical water bath($37^{\circ}C$) for seven days. Afterwards, the metal ions were quantitatively analyzed using the ICP. Results: Of the three metal alloys, Bellabond-Plus$^{(R)}$alloy and SOLIBOND N$^{(R)}$alloy, with 22% or higher chrome chemical contents, had higher corrosion resistance than Jdium-100$^{(R)}$alloy with 20% chrome chemical content. In all three alloys, the corrosion of Ni was highest, and metal ion corrosion was higher in the pH 2.2 corrosive solution. Conclusion: Although Ni-Cr alloy was not very corrosive, a Ni-allergic patient should not have Ni-Cr alloy prosthesis. The Ni-Cr alloy for porcelain-fused-to-metal crown should be designed for the dental porcelain to cover the whole crown.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1294-1303
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the powerlessness and to measure the powerlessness of elderly. From the result of pre-test, twenty seven items were finally selected to survey the elderly's powerlessness. The questionnaires on the elderly's powerlessness were drafted so that such tool may be evaluated in accordance with the four point Likert Scale. The number of subjects is 1,150 with ages of 60 years or more and who live in a large city, a small and middle-sized city and a rural area. The subjects of the test and retest were 85 elderlies. Collected data were analyzed by utilizing SAS program with Cronbach's $\alpha$ and Pearson's correlation, factor analysis method and known group techniques, descriptive statics, t-test and ANOVA. The results from this study were summarized below:1. When the factor analysis method was applied for validity, the tool for powerlessness of elderly was separated into 5 factors: loss of self-confidence to deal with physical, emotional, social aspects of life; expulsion by others from meaningful human relate; perception that life is meaningless and time passes quickly; falling behind young people; being rejected by other people, having no influence on others. An application of the known group technique showed a significant difference with the result of the degree of elderly's powerlessness tools developed by the two groups, with illness and without. 2. In testing reliability, it was found that coefficient of test-retest was .9435(P<.0001) when the test-retest method was used as a test of stability, and that the alpha coefficient of internal consistency was .9141 over all items within the tool of elderly's powerlessness 3. In powerlessness of elderly, total mean is 2.8493. And in factor of powerlessness, the highest factor is falling behind young people (M=3.1713), the lowest factor is loss of self- confidence to deal with physical, emotional, social aspects of life(M=2.6080). 4. The results from the test for the degree of powerlessness, according to the subject's demographic variables, showed that there were significant differences between age, sex, marital status, educational level, religion, possession of house, job, monthly pocket money, health status, illness and a place of residence.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.213-222
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• 1996

The most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain lipids is docosahexaenoic acid(C22 : 6 N-3, DHA). It is incorporated into nerve tissues mostly in utero and during the first year of life. DHA in brain is derived from either pre-formed DHA in human milk or by infant hepatic synthesis from linolenic acid in milk. This study was designed to investigate the effects of DHA supplementation on fatty acid profiles in maternal plasma lipid and breast milk. Twenty lactating women participated in the study. Seven women took 3g of fish oil per day and vitamin E for 28 days starting from the day of giving birth. Five women consumed 1.5g of fish oil as well as tivamin E, and the rest took vitamin E supplements for the same period of time. Dietary questionnaires and 3 consecutive 24-h recalls were collected to evaluate theri nutritional status and food habits. Finding that DHA intake from fish was not significantly different among three experimental groups, the partcipants were instructed to continue eating their usual home diets. Milk samples were taken on the day of giving birth, as well as the 7th, 14th and 28th day being the supplement phase, and finally 2 weeks after the cessating of DHA supplements. The amounts of the fish oil supplements produced significant dose-dependent increased in the DHA content of milk and plasma, but to a lesser degree. Base-line for 28 days raised the level to 2.05$\pm$0.43% and 1.5g/day supplement produced DHA levels of 1.02$\pm$0.19%. The results of this study indicated that relatively small amount of dietary DHA supplementation significantly elevats DHA content in milk. This would clearly elevate the infant's DHA intake which in turn may have implications for the infant's brain development.