• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of health behavior, body composition and body image in college women by BMI. Method: The subjects consisted of 291 students classifying three groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight). The data were collected by a structured questionnaire and bioelectrical impedence analysis from October, 2003 to April, 2004. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program including descriptive statistics, x$^2$-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Result: There were statistically significant differences according to food preference and overeating in dietary behavior, and according to regularity, frequency, necessity, main reason of doing exercise and item in exercise habit of health behavior. And there were statistically significant differences according to body composition and body image among three groups. Body image indicated a significantly negative correlation to BMI, body fat mass and percent body fat mass. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop supportive program for decreasing a risk of bad health and for increasing self-esteem in college students and to perform individual approach according to their physical and psychological health states.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.266-275
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• 2011

Purpose: The study investigated the relationship of health behavior with bone mineral density (BMD) for college students. Methods: A descriptive study was done using a convenient sampling of college students (n=116) enrolled in a health-related department. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), health behaviors recognition of subjective health, smoking, drinking, exercise, food habits, intake of calcium, and family history of fracture were measured. BMD was measured at the right forearm using Hologic lunar duel-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 41.4% and 22.4%, respectively. Significant relationships were observed between BMD of right forearm and gender, BMI, subjective health recognition, drinking, and exercise (p<.05). Results of linear regression after adjusted BMD were increased concerning subjective health recognition and regular exercise (p<.05). Conclusions: Subjective health recognition and exercise carries positive effects on BMD. We recommend for college students that healthy behaviors like proper weight, smoking cessation, regular exercise, regular food habits, and health awareness are helpful to BMD.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.65-71
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• 2008

Objectives : We intended to know the association between Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI) and health behaviors and also know the useful health guide according to Sasang Constitution Methods : We recruited the 137 subjects from oriental medical clinics around the country and the expert diagnosed Sasang constitution with drug response guide. We used the PWI-SF paper to estimate psychosocial well-being. We used excel program and analyzed with SPSS 14.0K Results : 1. PWI were associated with no passive smoking, everyday regular exercise, eating anything, much eating vegetable and sea-food, no eating snacks. 2. PWI were associated with no passive smoking, 4-5 times regular exercise a week, unconcern in sanitary thought, less or normal amount of meals in Soeumin, no smoking in Taeeumin, and there were not particularly associated ones in Soyangin Conclusions : Health behaviors for PWI are a little different according to Sasang Constitution.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.286-298
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• 2005

This study aimed to estimate the effect of the home based food supplying program in single living female elderly on the basis of depression, Health and Nutrition Risk Index, dietary attitude and dish consumption frequencies. The Food Supplying Program was carried out for 8 months for 27 single living female elderly from lower income status in Bucheon city. Main supplied foods were consisted with soymilk, vegetables, fruits and fish. The effect of the food supplying program were analyzed for 22 elderly who completed the program (group supplied with food : GSF) compared to the group not supplied with food (GNSF). The results of this study were as follows: Degree of depression estimated with depression score and Health-Nutrition Risk Index were decreased and the scores of dietary attitude and behaviors were increased for GSF after 8 months. However these improvements were not shown in the GNSF. GSF showed significantly increased consumption frequencies in soybean milk, tangerine, stir fried anchovy and yogurt, where as GNSF was observed with the decreasing trend in most of the dishes. In conclusion, home based food supplying program for single living female elderly not only increased the consumption frequencies of some dishes but also improved depression rate, Health and Nutrition Risk Index and dietary behavior concomitantly.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

Objectives: We would like to manage university student's health factors by researching the connection between BMI and oral health and behavior of university students. And provide basic data by integrating for weight management programs that target overweight people can improve oral health. Methods: Self-evaluation questionnaires were surveyed for 315 students who agreed to participate in the survey, using questionnaires used in the preceding study were modified and complemented. We analyzed the data with frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square test와 ANOVA, Spearman correlation coefficient by using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). The significance level for significance was set at 0.05. Results: People who smoke and alcohol drink have a lower score in their oral health behavior and oral health knowledge than those who do not. There was a significant difference between the BMI group, in the oral health behavior and oral health knowledge scores. BMI and smoking (r=0.230, p<0.001), alcohol drinking (r=0.121, p<0.05) were significant positive correlation. BMI and sleep time (r=-0.127, p<0.05), oral health behaviors (r=-0.133, p<0.001) were significant negative correlation. oral health behaviors and oral health knowledge (r=0.344, p<0.001) were significant positive correlation. Conclusion: Schools and communities will need to be educated about smoking and drinking, while at the same time developing programs that can improve oral health by integrating weight management programs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.sup1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Curfew due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic could influence health behaviors in people, especially in children, who can easily acquire unhealthy eating habits. This study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on weight, health behaviors including eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children aged 6-15 years in Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey that included 280 children aged 6-15 years in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 curfew. The survey included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and health behaviors including eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. RESULTS: We observed a significant difference in the body mass index before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.001). Children significantly tended to skip breakfast, along with a decreased intake of dairy products and fast food (P < 0.001). Moreover, children were less physically active and significantly tended to be involved in leisure screen-based activities, including watching TV and use of computer/games (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the negative influences of the COVID-19 curfew on health behaviors, including eating habits, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children in Saudi Arabia.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 2013

Objectives : This research examined the Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index according to smoking and tooth brushing behavior, in order to analyze how they influence the oral hygiene. Methods : This research used PHP index and the structured questionnaire. The subjects were 203 men in their 20's who visited K university's dental hygiene department for oral prophylaxis from March to July of 2012. For data analysis SPSS WIN 12.0 was used. Results : 1. The average PHP index of all experimented subjects was 2.66, a very poor level. The PHP index according to general characteristics, smoking, drinking, and exercise showed statistical significance(p<0.05). 2. PHP index decreased with more frequencies and longer durations of toothbrushing(p<0.05). 3. The PHP index of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers. In the case of non-smokers, the frequency, method, and duration of tooth brushing had a statistical significance(p<0.05). 4. The PHP index of smokers who smoke less than or equal to ten cigarettes is 2.53 and smokers who smoked more than 10 cigarettes is 3.10. 5. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that smoking increased the PHP index, while the increase in tooth brushing frequency and the up and down tooth brushing method decreased the PHP index. All the coefficients were statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions : In order to increase Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index. there must be a decrease in smoking rate while people increase their tooth brushing frequency and use a proper tooth brushing method.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.147-153
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to attempt to lay the foundation for the development of oral health programs geared toward promoting the oral health of low socioeconomic class children. The subjects in this study were 257 school children who used local children's centers. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. The children mean scored 5.74 on oral health knowledge. 2. In terms of oral health awareness, 47.1% viewed the right toothbrushing as the best way to stay away from dental caries. 3. 45% of the subjects reported toothbrushing at least three times daily. 21.4% visited dental institutions three or more times in the past year. 33.1% had never undergone application of fluoride. 30.4% had never received oral health education. 4. The mean level of caries was 4.61 dft index in 1-2th grade, 3.27 DMFT index in 5-6th grade, 1.47 DMFT index in the 3-4th grad and 1.19 DMFT index in the 1-2th grade. 5. The mean level of Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP index) was 3.59, and there was no significant association was pound between PHP index and grade. 6. Oral health behavior wasn't affected by their oral health awareness, and knowledge.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.993-1001
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness in oral health promotion through oral health education for freshmen students of the dental hygiene department. Methods: To verify its effectiveness, research was conducted on 74 freshmen of the dental hygiene department by the evaluation of DMFT index, PHP index, and Cariview test (2015-2016). Results: The analysis of the test results using Cariview equipment shows a categorization of low risk group consisting of 10 students (13.5%), middle risk group consisting of 47 students (63.5%), and a high risk group consisting of 17 students (22.9%). DT index according to the number of daily tooth brushing by <2 is DT index average score higher and in such a case, statistics are considered meaningful (p<0.01). Oral health state at DMFT index of low risk group according to Cariview risk group for an analysis is lower than both the middle risk group and the high risk group (p<0.001). Conclusions: A review of the effect of the promotion of oral health through oral health education on the behavior change rather than of Cariview test and value of dental plaque through tooth brushing method was conducted.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.387-398
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to clarify whether there are any differences between normal and over-weight middle-aged(40∼59yrs)women in their perceived weight, health status, health conception and health behavior choices. The sample consisted of 39 normal weight and 55 over-weight (11％ above on the Body Index Scale) women who live in Juan, Inchon. The Participants were randomly selected in each weight group considering socio-demographic factors. The findings from this study are summarized below. 1) Among the 55 overweight middle-aged women, 16 were above 20％ on the Body Index Scale and 14 were above 30％. Twenty-five(45.5％) of the overweight group and 12(30.8％) of the normal weight group had one disease, and there were 12(21.8％) in the overweight group and 8(20.5％) in the normal weight group where one of the family members had a disease, but these differences were not statistically significant. The average monthly family income for the overweight group was ￦l,880,000 compared to ￦2,140, 000 for the normal weight group, but this difference was also not significant. The age range for the whole group was between 40 and 59(mean＝46.8 for total, 48.6 for overweight and 45.7 for normal weight group). Again no significant difference found. Occupations were housemaker 53(56.4％), private business(13.8％), salarywoman(9.6％), and teacher (2.1％). Thirty housemaker(54.5％) from the overweight group and 23(59％) from the normal group did not constitute a statistically significant different. For the educational status, 34(61.8％) of the overweight women and 33(84.6％)of the normal weight group finished high school or more educational courses, but there was no significant statistical difference. Eleven(20.0％) of the overweight women and 5(12. 8％) of the normal weight group were single, but again no significant statistical difference was found. 2) A test for difference in health characteristics between two weight groups indicated that two groups do not show statistical differences in their perceived health status, health conception or health behavior choice. That is, the overweight group, also perceive their health status as good as the normal group, and regard ‘Health’ as a state that enables them to carry out social roles and functions rather than as the traditional concept of health as no disease or no symptoms. Moreover. the overweight group selected their health behaviors not for the prevention of diseases or maintenance of health but for promotion of health. To determine if no statistical difference might be related to the overweight group's failure of perceive themselves as overweight, the perceived and objective overweight status were compared by the chi-square analysis, and no difference was found（X/sup²＝49.37, df＝1, p＝.000）. However, 7(17.9％) of the normal group perceived themselves as being overweighted and 7(12.7％) of the overweight group thought they were of normal weight. Even though the overweight group employed in this study perceived themselves as being overweight, they regarded themselves as healthy as those in the normal weight group. It was shown that there was no statistical difference between two groups in health conception, and that they chose health behaviors to promote health status. 3) Perceived health conception was shown to be significantly related to health behavior choice （r＝ .28, p＝.006 for whole group : r＝.33, p＝.014 for overweight group : and r＝.12. p＝.463 for normal group） .There was an indication that the more complicated the perceived health conception was, the more the trend of health behavior choice to promote health. This was especially true for the overweight group. But, the perceived health status did not related to health behavior choice statistically（r＝.13, p＝.202）, and it was thought that reasons for selecting health behaviors were not related to their health status. That is, the overweight group perceive themselves as healthy as the normal weight group or thought that overweight itself does not incur any risk on their health. Data from two groups were combined and analyzed with multiple regression methodology, because the relationship pattern of the two groups was similar. The analysis showed that health behavior has a significant relationship with age and the perceived health conception（r/sup²＝.1517, p=.05, F＝8.133）. It means they come to health behavior along with their health conception and their age rather than their weights, perceived weight, health status or other social characteristics. This study was intended to understand how overweight middle-aged women perceive ‘weight’ and ‘health’, and how they meet their health related needs in comparison with normal weight middle-aged women. Other factors related to the health behavior in overweight middle-aged woman need to be determined through further descriptive studies outlined in the following recommendations. a) Reseach with the study area expanded. b) Reseach with grouping more detailed : much more overweight and underweight group c) Reseach on restricted relationship between overweight and age or profession. d) Reseach on what overweight middle-aged women do to reduce their weight and what factors motivate them to do it