• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2001

The authors, in this paper, addressed a variety of problems and difficulties which Korean psychiatrists should cope with. The surprising development of neurosciences, splitting of neuropsychiatry into neurology and psychiatry, easygoing attitude of psychiatrists, changes in the delivery system of health care and ill-balanced education of psychiatry were listed as causes of or contributors to them. Social bias to psychiatry and regulations from outside are also considered as contributors. Psychiatric education, including medical school, residency training, continuing medical education and psychiatric textbooks, need to be changed in order to enlarge the boundary of psychiatry. Reestablishment of identity of psychiatry and psychiatrist is unavoidable, considering far-reaching new knowledge of neuroscience and gradually invisible borderzone between neurology and psychiatry. The other ways worth while to consider are : the expansion of psychiatrists' activities, development of medical behavioral science to a clinical specialty, creation of new psychiatric subspecialties, and additional training of psychiatric residencies in the primary medical care.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.131-145
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• 2007

This study investigated the effect of nutrition education on food habits, dietary behaviors, nutritional knowledges and nutrient intakes of middle-aged women. The subjects were 209 females aged $30{\sim}64yrs$. The subjects helped by trainers filled the questionnaire about demographic information, food habits, dietary behavior, nutritional knowledge and dietary intake before and after three months of nutrition education. All data were analyzed by chi-square test and paired t-test using the SAS program. The subjects who didn't drink alcohol significantly increased after the education(p<0.001). The largest meal of the day was lunch and the amount consumed was significantly different before and after the nutrition education(p<0.05). Dietary attitude scores significantly increased after the nutrition education(p<0.001). The percentages of subjects who didn't have processed foods, sweets and salty foods frequently significantly increased after the education(p<0.05). The subjects who answered correctly significantly increased in ten out of fifteen nutrition knowledge items related to obesity and in four out of five nutrition knowledge items related to nutrients after the education. There were significant differences in protein(p<0.01), calcium(p<0.05) and cholesterol intakes(p<0.01) before and after the nutrition education. This study suggests that nutrition education can improve dietary attitudes and nutritional knowledge.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.181-208
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• 2010

Maternity services is often perceived as a troublesome business and obstetric litigation is on the increase in Western countries. Overall, the number of claim and cost of litigation to the NHS Litigation Authority (NHSLA) from maternity services in the UK is increasing every year. Maternity services account for 60-70% of the total sum paid. This has widespread implications for both the individual practitioners and the institutions where they work, due to increasing malpractice insurance premiums. Fear of litigation is also attracting fewer medical graduates into the specialty, leading to a recruitment crisis in obstetrics and gynaecology. The litigation process can cause pain, suffering and distress to clinicians as well as to the patients and their families. Litigation in maternity services is the result of a complex of events when malpractice (presumed or real) impacts on the attitude of pregnant women and their environment. In such complexity, information is mandatory but may often be misinterpreted. If messages are not tailored to the receiver's capacity, communicating well with the pregnant patient becomes crucial. Therefore, to reduce medicallegal issues in obstetrics, increasing attention and an applicable standard of obstetric care to avoid negligence and medical errors should go along with other measures. Considering UK's experiences, NHS redress scheme make it easier to pursue small claims and birth related claims, without necessarily reducing the number of claims processed through the conventional legal system and perhaps encouraging even more of them. The task of dealing with the greater number of inquiries into their practice would inevitably create an added burden for clinicians and hospital managers. Thus further proposals are required to limit the cost of processing inflated claims and to consider whether clinicians should be given some protection from litigation alleging a failure to prevent birth related impairment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.17-42
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• 1996

Most human behaviors are based on self-perceptual image. Subjectivity in professional nursing image is shown in their opinions, beliefs, values, and attitudes of professional nursing and it helps to understand individual's behavior. This study was initiated to find the characteristics and patterns in subjectivity of hospital nurses' professional nursing image. The Data were collected from Apr. 20 to Aug. 22, 1996. The research method employed Q-methodology which is based on self-psychology and abductive logics. Analysis of Q-type obtained by QUANL pc program. The characteristics of professional nursing image was analyzed based on the typal array, extreme comments, and the subject's demographic information. The results revealed that there are three different types on the professional nursing image. The three types were named as follows : The first type, the Improvable, consisting of 6 subjects, preferentially perceived nursing is human behavior as life process, coordinating with other health personnel for the patients as nurses' important role. On the other hand, they are taking a little dissatisfied view of professional nursing image, which can be estimated to advance for the construction of the professional nursing image. The second type, the Self-conflicted, consisting of 13 subjects, who have the subjectivity of the image by focusing on external and environmental factors rather than developing positive individual nurses' image for their profession. They have very conflic-ting and self-degrading traits. The third type, the Affirmative, consisting of 10 subjects, who appreciate the essence of nursing, and that they highly perceived nurse' positive attitude, devotion, mature interrelationship and self-developing efforts etc. In conclusion, this study discovers three types on the professional nursing image and their relationship. By identifying the nature of three types, this study suggests that the results should be useful reinforcement tool in educating nursing students as well as in continuing education for hospital nurses.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the microorganisms in the hand before and after hand washing, using plain and antibacterial soap. The purpose of this study was to provide details, for educational purposes, of hand washing methods that should be used by college students for their hand hygiene. Methods: This study was arranged using a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. Data obtained through questionnaires were collected from college students in Gangwon Province. This study involved three groups under different conditions. The first and the second group washed their hands with plain and antibacterial soap, respectively. The third group members were educated about hand washing and they then washed their hands with plain soap. In addition, we collected samples to investigate the removal rate of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which can cause bacterial disease, by using sterile swabs from the hands in group 3. Results: The removal rates of bacteria in the first and the second group after hand washing with plain and antimicrobial soap were 62.7% and 76%, respectively. The third group, who were educated concerning proper hand washing, showed a figure of 72.8%. Conclusion: Repeated and more consistent education of college students concerning proper hand washing would be important in order to improve their knowledge, attitude, and performance with regard to hand washing.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.249-258
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• 2020

The purpose of this study provides multicultural adolescents' out of school career preparation experience. Seven multicultural adolescents out of school living in Seoul, Gyeonggido, Chungchungdo were selected for the in-depth interview. Data were collected from July to September, 2019. This research utilized Colaizzi's phenomenological method. The participants provided 14 themes on the essential structure of experience and 5 theme clusters. The final 14 themes were relationship with friends, speedy learning ability, fear of learning, generous character, no dreaming, enjoying hobby, influence of job, influence of mother, no concept of career, looking for mother language-related job, no managing time and health, material abundance, trying diet, burden about test. Based on this result, it is suggested to acknowledge importance of positive motive pursuit for career, various support giving power, positive attitude of career, self-reflection, road to go for career preparation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.86-99
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• 2007

Objectives : Cancer patients who are afraid of unpleasant therapy and doubt a perfect cure often seek out traditional Korean medicine or many other kinds of complementary and alterative medicine (CAM) instead. This study was carried out in order to learn the prevalence and kinds of the traditional Korean medicine and CAM to evaluate awareness of and attitude toward it. Methods : 213 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone surgery in the department of gastrointestinal surgery and visited for routine follow-up from November to December of 2004 were included. A questionnaire survey was done by trained interviewers for CAM and demographic information. Results : 96.7% of patients had experience with CAM. The kinds and frequencies of CAM were diet and nutrition 21.0%, folk remedy 21.0%, pharmacological treatment 13.5%, oriental medicine 5.3% and mind-body intervention 1.4%. 56.8% of patients had experienced 2-6 kinds of CAM, 37.4% more than 7. Among diet and nutrition, ginseng (62.9%) was highest, followed by ox leg bone soup (50.8%) and pumpkin (31.5%). Among the folk remedies, elm tree was highest at 46.5%, followed by phellinus linteus (Sang-Whang) at 26.8% and ganoderma lucidum (Young-Gee) 20.7%.satisfaction with CAM was relatively low (43.2%), many patients (78.2%) replied that they would use it continuously. Conclusion : Most patients had experience with many kinds of CAM, but didn't discuss it with medical doctors. If scientific study proves whether or not each kind of CAM is actually effective ondisease, it will help to improve the health of patients and prevent the inappropriate usage and cost.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.137-149
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• 2002

This study was made to investigate the differences in Korean woman's perceived makeup image and self-consciousness according to their expectation level in socio-psychological effect of makeup, and to gather information needed for the better understanding of cosmetics consumers and more effective marketing activities of cosmetics industries. Normative-descriptive survey method using questionnaire was employed for the present study. The survey was conducted in August 2001 and the sample consisted of 942 women between the ages of 18 and 50 residing in Seoul and Kyungi province. Data were analyzed by SPSS package. Factor analysis, ANOVA, and MANOVA were employed for the analysis of the data. The results are as follows : (1) Six factors emerged from the data related to the category of expected socio-psychological effect of makeup. Those factors were named as "increasing positiveness", "refreshment", "covering weakness", "self-expression", "consideration for others", and "the tool for self-change". Four factors were found in the category of makeup image, and the factors were named as "refinement", "nobility", "favorable impression ", and "personality ". (2) There was a tendency that those who highly expect the socio-psychological effect of makeup have more positive self-image. Considering this differences in self-image according to the level of expected socio-psychological effect of makeup. service activities for the consumers' positive opinion and attitude to the effect of makeup are needed, and it seems that those service activities will have a good influence on the consumers' emotional health. (3) Subjects with higher level of social anxiety showed higher expectations in refreshment, covering weakness and self-expression. Considering this trend, marketers have to make an constant effort for the variety of cosmetics and makeup manner by which consumers satisfy their expectation in makeup. It seems that the satisfaction of their expectation on the help of makeup effect will contribute to lessen social anxiety, and to get emotional stability. (4) Subjects with higher personal self-anxiety showed higher expectations of the effect. "increase of positiveness". Therefore, if the product advertisement imply the content of increasing positiveness effect of makeup, it might appeal more easily to their consumers.imply the content of increasing positiveness effect of makeup, it might appeal more easily to their consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify conceptual constructs of well-being consciousness and appearance management behaviors, and to examine the effects of these two variables on attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics for Korean and Japanese consumers. A survey was carried out among female consumers between the ages of 20 and 50, and a total of 500 responses were analyzed by descriptive analysis, reliability test, t-test, and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and multi group analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The result of CFA and the reliability test on well-being consciousness and appearance management of Korean and Japanese respondents clearly showed factorial structures on each of the variant assessments. 2) In regards to the well-being consciousness, Korean and Japanese respondents highly tended to perceive well-being as a benefit to the physical health and an eco-friendly lifestyle respectively. In the area of appearance management, Korean and Japanese respondents had similar patterns that showed high scores of skin care and weight control. Both Korean and Japanese consumers showed favorable attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetic products. 3) The consumers' well-being consciousness revealed to have positive influences on appearance management behavior. Both well-being consciousness and appearance management positively influenced attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics. 4) As a result of MGA, the well-being consciousness had more positive impacts on Korean respondents' attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics than the appearance management variable when compared to the Japanese respondents. On the other hand, appearance management had more positive impacts on Japanese respondents' attitudes to-ward Korean herbal cosmetics than well-being consciousness when compared to the Korean respondents. These results suggest that differentiated marketing strategies for Korean herbal cosmetics are crucial when targeting Korean and Japanese consumers.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify differences in dietary behavior in Korean and Chinese female university students and investigate factors that influence dietary behavior. A total of 447 female university students in Korea and China were surveyed between June 27 and August 30, 2016. The data were analyzed using $x^2$ test, t-test, one way ANOVA, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Among Korean female university students, those who skipped breakfast were 26.18 times (95% CI: 5.421-126.407) more likely to be at a low-level stage for balanced diets than those who did not skip breakfast. In addition, compared to Korean female university students who did not eat late-night meals, those who ate late-night meals were 3.15 times (95% CI: 1.28-7.768) more likely to be at a low-level stage for balanced diets. Compared to Chinese female university students who did not skip breakfast, those who skipped breakfast were 4.22 times (95% CI: 1.865-9.551) more likely to be at a low-level stage for balanced diets. Compared to the Chinese female university students who did not stay up all night, those who stayed up all night were 5.25 times (95% CI: 1.712-16.074) to be in the preparation stage. The study results show that some factors that influence stage changes in balanced diets in Korean female university students were skipping breakfast and eating late-night meals. Therefore, it is recommended that solutions for improving the behavior of late-night meals and skipping breakfast, which are factors influencing stage changes in balanced diets should be strategically performed according to dietary behavior stages.