• Applied Microscopy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2011

Sperm morphology of Pipistrellus savii velox was examined by transmission electron microscope. The sperm head of P. savii velox was bullet in shape. The sperm head was 3.1 ${\mu}m$ in length, whose posterior 3.0 ${\mu}m$ was occupied by a nucleus with 1.8 ${\mu}m$ in width. The segmented columns were about 14~15 in number. The total number of mitochondrial gyres was 57. Number of 1, 5, and 6 of the outer dense fibers were larger than the others. A fibrous sheath and longitudinal column of the principal piece were evidence, but the fibrous sheath was not seen at the end piece. In the present study, the length of the sperm head of P. savii velox were very shorter than those of other bats.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.2119-2125
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• 2020

Background: Adults with forward head posture (FHP) often suffer from thoracic hyperkyphosis and thoracic dysfunction, and including reduction of the craniovertebral angle (CV angle) and tightening of the superficial neck muscles. In order to treat thoracic dysfunction, interventions aimed at improving thoracic mobility are necessary. Objectives: To examine the effects of maitland manual mobilization therapy on the thoracic spine in adults with FHP. Design: Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty adults with FHP who met the selection criteria were randomized to the thoracic multiple joint mobilization (TMJM; n=15) group and the thoracic general joint mobilization (TGJM; n=15) group. Joint mobilizations were performed for 23 minutes a day for 4 weeks continuously, two times per week. Outcome measures were ImageJ, BTS FREE EMG 1000, neck disability Index (NDI). Results: Although changes in the left sternocleidomastoid muscle activity and NDI scores over time between the two groups differed, other variables were noted only changes observed over time. Muscle activity in the right sternocleidomastoid increased again in the TGJM group post-intervention and 2 weeks after the end of the experiment, but changes in other variables were retained or improved, confirming the lasting effects of thoracic joint mobilization. Conclusion: Thoracic multiple joint mobilization may be recommended as a more effective intervention for adults with FHP.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.468-473
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• 2005

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of these carcinomas are not well known. Abnormalities of genomic methylation patterns have been attributed a role in carcinogenesis and local de novo methylation at tumor suppressor loci was held to be involved in silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Using Ms APPCR, we previously isolated a hypermethylated fragment corresponded to the 5' end of TPEF gene from primary liver and lung cancer cells. To confirm the inactivation of TPEF gene by hypermethylation in HNSCC, we investigated correlation between methylation pattern and expression of TPEF in 10 HNSCC cell lines. In methylation analysis such as combined-bisulfite restriction analysis(COBRA) and bisulfite sequencing, only RPMI 2650 showed none methylated pattern and another 9 cell lines showed dense methylation. The TPEF gene expression level analysis using RT-PCR showed that these 9 cell lines had not or significantly low expression levels of TPEF as compared with RPMI 2650. In addition, the increase of TPEF reexpression by 5-AzaC as demethylating agent in 9 cell lines also indicated that TPEF expression was regulated by hypermethylation. These results of this study demonstrate that epigenetic silencing of TPEF gene by aberrant methylation could play an important role in HNSCC carcinogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.4 s.26
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• pp.142-151
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• 2005

Several advanced countries have been continually developed PHC pile cutting automation machines for improving productivity, safety and quality of the conventional PHC pile cutting work. However, the target work of the previously developed PHC pile cutting automation machines is only crushing the head of PHC pile. Dangerous grinding work is still performed by workers with seven inch hand grinder. In domestic construction industry, the PHC pile cutting work is usually performed by a crusher and three to four skilled workers. Recent analysis results of the PHC pile cutting work reveal that it frequently makes a lot of cracks which significantly reduce the strength of the pile and is labor-intensive work. The primary objective of this study is to propose the end-effector which can effectively break PHC pile without any longitudinal cracks and to develop an automated pile cutting machine having unified grinder and crusher parts through a wide variety of laboratory and field tests. It is anticipated that the development of the automated pile cutting machine would be able to bring improvements in safety, productivity, quality as well as cost saving.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.256-260
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• 2009

The Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS) is a disease characterized by intrauterine growth retardation with preserved head circumference, facial dysmorphism and short stature. Reported renal and urinary manifestations of RSS include horseshoe kidney, renal tubular acidosis, hydronephrosis, ureteropelvic obstruction and vesicoureteral reflux. Here we report a case of end-stage renal disease associated with RSS, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported yet.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 1995

The techniques of joint mobilization and traction are used to improve joint mobility or to decrease pain by restoring accessory movements to the shoulder joints and thus allowing full, nonrestriced, pain-free range of motion. In the glenohumeral joint, the humeral head would be the convex surface, while the glenoid fossa would be the concave surface. The medial end of the clavicle is concave anterioposteriorly and convex superioinferiorly, the articular surface of the sternum is reciprocally curved. The acromioclavicular joint is a plane synovial joint between a small convex facet on lateral end of the clavicle and a small concave facet on the acromion of the scapula. The relationship between the shape of articulating joint surface and the direction of gliding is defined by the Convex-Concave Rule. If the concave joint surface is moving on a stationary convex surface, gliding occur in the same direction as the rolling motion. If the convex surface is moving on a stationary concave surface, gliding will occur in an opposite direction to rolling. Hypomobile shoulder joints are treated be using a gliding technique.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.2960-2976
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• 2018

The limited storage and computing capacity hinder the development of cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs). To solve the problem, a new paradigm of cloud-based CRAHN has been proposed, in which a CRAHN will make use of the computation and storage resources of the cloud. This paper envisions an integrated CRAHN-cloud network architecture. In this architecture, some cognitive radio users (CUs) who satisfy the required metrics could perform as mobile gateway candidates to connect other ordinary CUs with the cloud. These mobile gateway candidates are dynamically clustered according to different related metrics. Cluster head and time-to-live value are determined in each cluster. In this paper, the gateway advertisement and discovery issues are first addressed to propose a hybrid gateway discovery mechanism. After that, a QoS-based gateway selection algorithm is proposed for each CU to select the optimal gateway. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the overall scheme, which incorporates the proposed clustering and gateway selection algorithms. The results show that the proposed scheme can achieve about 11% higher average throughput, 10% lower end-to-end delay, and 8% lower packet drop fractions compared with the existing scheme.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.253-258
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• 2014

In smartphone sensing which monitors various social phenomena of the individuals by using embedded sensors, managing metadata is one of the important issue to process large-scale data, improve the data quality, and share collected data. In this paper, we proposed a document clustering scheme for the large-scale metadata management architecture which is designed as a hybrid back-end consisting of a cluster head and member nodes to reduce the server-side overhead. we also verified that the proposed scheme is more efficient than the distance based clustering scheme in terms of the server-side overhead through simulation results.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 1978

Bacillus subtilis var. 816 was used for manufacturing fermented soybean which in turn is used as flavoring agent. Fermentation of soyebean or flat wheat was occasionally failed. It was elucidated that failure was due to the presence of bacteriophage. According to Hemphill and Whitely (1975), this bacteriphage might be belonged to the viulent phage group I as it is similar to SP82G, ${\phi}25$. In fact, the phenomena of the increase of moisture, disappenarance of mucin and existence of undersirable bacteria was attributed to the contamination of the above phage during the course of fermentation of soybean or flat wheat. Particularly disapparance of mucin was sufficiently correlated by the replication of the bacteriophage. The above phage can grow in the range of $30^{\circ}C\;to\;70^{\circ}C$. The optimum temperature was $40^{\circ}C{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The optimum pH range was between pH 7.4 and pH 8.0. It is noticeable that staphylococci was replicating simultaneously with the phage. The head of 816 phage is hexagonal with a diameter of $10{\times}165{\sim}10{\times}240\;nm$. The end of the tail is enlaged. It has a size of 25 nm and this end areas are spreaded widely as fingers.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.422-429
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• 2013

Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology have enabled small and low-cost sensors with the capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. In the WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. A triple umpiring system has already been proved for its better performance in WSNs. The clustering technique is effective in prolonging the lifetime of the WSN. In this study, we have modified the ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing by incorporating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme, which is an efficient and secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks through SNR-based dynamic clustering (ESRPSDC) mechanisms, can partition the nodes into clusters and select the cluster head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy, and non CH nodes join with a specific CH based on the SNR values. Error recovery has been implemented during the inter-cluster routing in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink-based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using a global mobile simulator have shown that this hybrid ESRP significantly improves the energy efficiency and packet reception rate as compared with the SNR unaware routing algorithms such as the low energy aware adaptive clustering hierarchy and power efficient gathering in sensor information systems.