• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2005

Accuracy of current measurement in fiber optic current sensor(FOCS), especially, unidirectional polarimetric fiber optic current sensor(PFOCS) is affected by the environment perturbations such as acoustic vibrations changes to the sensing fiber, and intrinsic perturbations such as the bending fiber that the sensing fiber wound around a current carrying wire. The perturbations affect the birefringence properties of sensing fiber in sensor head and cause false current readings. Thus, using compensation technique, reciprocal PFOCS, for unidirectional PFOCS the perturbations are suppressed. In this paper, we carried out the numerical analysis of performance in reciprocal PFOCS including the degree of polarization error, and false current of environmental and intrinsic perturbations on the sensing fiber. Also, we compared the effect of mirror with the faraday rotation mirror(FRM) in reciprocal PFOCS configuration. And the different optical source's wavelengths, 633nm and 1300nm is used. In the results, at 633nm, using mirror and FRM, the degree of polarization error is calculated to $2.3\%$ and $0.0196\%$, respectively. At $1300{\cal}nm$ using mirror and FRM the degree of polarization error is calculated to $9.97\%$ and $0.0196\%$, respectively. Also, compared with false current, the results is calculated to $9.82{\times}10^{-9}A$ and $1.4{\times}10^{-17}A$, respectively, and show that the reciprocal PFOCS is more robust configuration than unidiretionnal PFOCS for environmental and intrinsic perturbations.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.388-395
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• 1996

Congenital muscular torticollis(CMT) is a disorder characterized by shortening of at least one of the cervical muscles and tilting of the head to opposite side. The most commonly affected muscle is the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Pathogenesis and etiology of congenital muscular torticollis were not clearly identified, but considered as fetal malposition, birth trauma, vascular accident, heredity, infection and CNS pathology. Untreated congenital muscular torticollis often causes facial asymmetry and This is the rasult of tensional rotation of the face toward affected side. So early treatment may prevent facial and neck asymmetry and limitation of neck movement. There are many treatment methods in CMT, including conservative and operative method, but presently Bipolar release and Z-Plasty of SCM muscle has been introduced when the conservative treatment had failed. The benefits of this method are to preservation of the normal Neck V-contour and improvement of the neck motion. We treated CMT using Bipolar release and Z-plasty in two patients. After that the patients improved on the range of neck motion and maintained the normal V-conture of the neck, so we report two cases of CMT with literatures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2008

The goal of reconstruction following ablative therapy for intraoral cancer is the restoration of form and function to permit a return to activities of daily life. Traditional reconstruction includes split thickness skin grafts, myocutaneous flaps and, more recently, various free flaps. Free flaps provide higher level of functional recovery relative to that seen with other techniques but require the complexity of the technique and microvascular anastomosis and thus, extended surgical time and occasionally a second team for harvesting. The platysma myocutaneous cervical flap is a possible alternative for intraoral reconstruction. It is thin and pliable like the tissue provided by the radial forearm free flap. It can be harvested with enough tissue to close most head and neck ablative defects. There is virtually no donor site morbidity involved. This study evaluated 7 patients affected by intraoral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). All patients underwent the resection of intraoral SCC with neck dissection and subsequent intraoral reconstruction with the superiorly based platysma myocutaneous cervical flap. Flap-related complications occurred in 3 patients. Adjuvant radiation therapy was performed in 3 patients. Average follow-up was 24.1 months after surgery, with a range of 8 to 42 months. All patients presented self assessment of discomfort associated with intraoral recipient sites and cervical donor sites. However, the neck function measured by two-inclinometer technique was within the normal range during relatively long term follow-up period. Our study concluded that superiorly based platysma myocutaneous cervical flap is good alternative to free flaps, especially for relatively smaller defects and for the defects appropriate for the rotation arc of the flap.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.600-607
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• 2008

This paper proposes a robust human detection method irrespective of their pose variation using the multiple oriented 2D elliptical filters (MO2DEFs). The MO2DEFs can detect the humans regardless of their poses unlike existing object oriented scale adaptive filter (OOSAF). To overcome OOSAF's limitation, we introduce the MO2DEFs whose shapes look like the oriented ellipses. We perform human detection by applying four different 2D elliptical filters with specific orientations to the 2D spatial-depth histogram and then by taking the thresholds over the filtered histograms. In addition, we determine the human pose by using convolution results which are computed by using the MO2DEFs. We verify the human candidates by either detecting the face or matching head-shoulder shapes over the estimated rotation. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of pose angle estimation was about 88%, the human detection using the MO2DEFs outperformed that of using the OOSAF by $15{\sim}20%$ especially in case of the posed human.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation, which is the recovery of vestibular symptoms following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL), intermittent electrical stimulation was applied to the injured vestibular portion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal reflexes, electrical activity and expression of c-Fos protein in medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) were measured with time following UL. Spontaneous nystagmus occurred with frequency of $2.9{\pm}0.2$ beats/sec at 2 hours after UL and disappeared after 72 hours. Electrical stimulation decreased the frequency of nystagmus significantly till 24 hours after UL. Roll head deviation was $107{\pm}9.7^{\circ}$ at 2 hours after UL and the deviation was maintained till 72 hours, but electrical stimulation decreased the deviation significantly 6 hours after UL. Resting activity of type I neurons in ipsilateral MVN to the injured vestibular side decreased significantly compared with control at 6 and 24 hours after UL, but the activity of type I neurons was recovered to control level by electrical stimulation at 24 hours after UL. Gain of type I neurons induced by sinusoidal rotation of 0.1 Hz decreased significantly till 24 hours after UL, but electrical stimulation restored the activity at 24 hours. The gain of type II neurons decreased significantly at 6 hours after UL, but electrical stimulation restored the activity. Expression of c-Fos protein was asymmetric between bilateral MVN till 24 hours after UL, but the asymmetry disappeared by electrical stimulation 6 hours after UL. These results suggest that electrical stimulation to the injured vestibular portion facilitates vestibular compensation following UL by restoration of symmetry of neuronal activity between bilateral vestibular nuclei resulting from increased activity in ipsilateral vestibular nuclei to the injured side.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.573-587
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was conducted in order to analyze the effects of the manual intervention and self-corrective exercise models of general coordinative manipulation(GCM) on the balance restoration of spine & extremities joints with distortions and mal-alignment areas. The subjects were the members who visited GCM Musculoskeletal Prevent Exercise Center from March 1 2012 to December 31 2013 because of spine & extremities joints distortion and mal-alignments, poor posture, and body type correction. All subjects were diagnosed with the four types of the GBT diagnosis. And according to the standards of the mobility vs stability types of the upper & lower body, they were classified into Group 1(40 persons) and Group 2(24 persons). For every other day for three times a week, GCM intervention models were applied to all subjects for four weeks, adding up to 12 times in total. Then the balance restoration effects were re-evaluated with the same methods. The results are as follows. 1) Balance restoration effects of VASdp(Visual analysis scale pain & discomfort) and ER(Equilibrium reaction: ER) came out higher in GCM body type(GBT) II III IV of Group 1. 2) In case of balance restoration effects in Moire and postural evaluation areas, Group 1 was higher and cervical and scapular girdle were higher in Group 2. The balance restoration of the four GBT types was significant in all regions(p<.05), and the scapular girdle came out as high in the order of GBTII IV I. 3) In case of thoracic-lumbar scoliosis and head rotation facial asymmetric cervical scoliosis ribcage forward, the balance restoration effects of the upper body postural evaluation areas came out the highest in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The balance restoration effects of the four GBT types were significant in all regions(p<.05), and came out the highest in lumbar scoliosis GBTIII I, ribcage forward and thoracic scoliosis GBTII IV. 4) The balance restoration effects of the lower body postural evaluation areas came out higher in Group 1 and Group 2 for pelvis girdle deviation patella high umbilicus tilt and hallux valgus foot longitudinal arch: FLA patella direction, respectively. The balance restoration effects of the four GBT types were significant in all regions(p<.05), and came out the highest in pelvis girdle deviation GBTIII I and patella high-direction GBTIV II I. 5) The balance restoration effects between the same GBT came out significant (p<.05) in all evaluation areas and items. The conclusions of this study was the manual intervention and self-corrective exercise models of the GCM about the mal-alignment of the spine & extremities joints across the whole body indicated high balance restoration effects(p<.05) in spine & extremities joints in all evaluation areas.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.43 no.4 s.310
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• pp.58-66
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• 2006

In this paper, we apply DCM(Dilation of Color and Motion information) mask and Active Contour Models(Snakes) to extract facial outline in moving pictures with complex background. First, we propose DCM mask which is made by applying morphology dilation and AND operation to combine facial color and motion information, and use this mask to detect facial region without complex background and to remove noise in image energy. Also, initial curves are automatically set according to rotational degree estimated with geometric ratio of facial elements to overcome the demerit of Active Contour Models which is sensitive to initial curves. And edge intensity and brightness are both used as image energy of snakes to extract contour at parts with weak edges. For experiments, we acquired total 480 frames with various head-poses of sixteen persons with both eyes shown by taking pictures in inner space and also by capturing broadcasting images. As a result, it showed that more elaborate facial contour is extracted at average processing time of 0.28 seconds when using interpolated initial curves according to facial rotation degree and using combined image energy of edge intensity and brightness.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.496-507
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• 2020

A prediction of the performance of EPB TBM is significant for improving the constructability of tunnels. Thus, various attempts to simulate TBM excavation by the numerical method have been made until these days. In this paper, to evaluate the performance of TBM with different operating conditions, a parametric study was carried out using coupled discrete element method (DEM) and finite difference method (FDM) EPB TBM driving model. The analysis was conducted by changing the penetration rate (0.5 and 1.0 mm/sec) and the rotational speed of screw conveyor (5, 15, and 25 rpm) while the rotation velocity of the cutter head kept constant at 2 rpm. The torque, thrust force, chamber pressure, and discharging with different TBM operating conditions were compared. The result of parametric study shows that the optimum driving condition can be determined by the coupled DEM-FDM numerical model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.233-244
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of balance control in moving surround using head mount device and force platform and to examine the clinical usefulness of COP parameters. Fifteen patients with stroke and healthy persons were participated. COP parameters were obtained as total path distance, frequency of anterior-posterior and medial-lateral component by FFT analysis, weight-spectrum analysis in the two different conditions; (1) in comfortable standing with opened or closed eyes, (2) in virtual moving surround delivered using HMD to four different moving pattern. In virtual moving surround setting, moving pattern was composed of close-far, superior-inferior tilting(pitch), right-left tilting(roll) and horizontal rotation(yaw) movement. In all parameters, the reliebility of COP analysis system was significantly high. Also, the construct validity compared between fifteen patients with stroke and normal persons was excellent in virtual moving surround condition(p

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.229-239
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in condylar position, width, and angle before and after orthognathic surgery using 3-dimensional computed tomograph. Pre and posterative 3-D CT was taken on 38 patients and through axial, frontal, sagittal measurements and by 3-dimensional reconstruction, the changes in condylar postion, mandibular width and angle were analyzed and others such as the difference in gender, operation and fixation method, setback length and in relation with temporomandibular disorders were done together too. The results were as follows: The inward rotation of condyle in axial condylar angle, the forward movement of right condyle in sagittal anterior-posterior distance, the superior movement of both condyles in sagittal superior-inferior distance, the decrease in gonial angle, the increase in mandibular width, the decrease in distance between the axial coronoid process distance and the increase in the frontal intercondylar distance were statistically significant. There were no statistically significant changes in gender difference, however in the difference in operation method, change in the gonial angle was observed and there was more change in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy group compared to two-jaw surgery group. In the difference in fixation method, the decrease in axial coronoid process distance and the change in sagittal anterior-posterior distance were statistically significant. In the difference in setback, the increase in setback didn't relate directly with the increased change in condyle position. In the relation with temporomandibular disorder, changes in left axial condylar angle and axial coronoid process distance were statistically significant. Changes in condylar position could be observed after the orthognathic surgery but it doesn't seem to have much of a clinical importance. The orthognathic surgery is effective in decreasing the mandibular angle, and it is not related with the temporomandibular disorder.