• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.394-399
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• 2017

The goal of this study is to suggest the technology and the way of developing ergonomic shampoo device, which is able to adjust the height and to be devided, and it uses ozone water. As a result of developing the device, it can complete better the effect of preventing water splash than existing devices by making neck holding part higher. And it is also made with ergonomic design, therefore, the head of shampoo candidate can be drawn into it more easily. By adjusting water temperature($38^{\circ}C$) to candidate's taste through water heater attached to water bucket, when a candidate is being shampooed, it can help keep warm shampooing without delaying. We could know the process through temperature sensor. And we could also know the utility of its own sterilization(1PPM) and purification. Finally, ozone water was measured for 20 minutes and the ozone concentration was measured to be less than 1 PPM to ensure stability. All parts of the mobile shampoo stand together with the hot water device and the ozonated water conversion device were designed so as not to be inconvenient for the user to use.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.367-373
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• 2009

Purpose: Following tooth extraction caused by severe periodontitis, alveolar ridge dimension lose their original volume. To reduce the alveolar ridge dimension, the ridge preservation technique has been introduced and tested in many clinical studies with membrane alone or membrane plus graft, achieving reduced ridge loss compared to extraction only. The aim of the present clinical study was to compare the post-extraction dimensional changes in the membrane exposure group to non-exposure group during healing period following ridge preservation technique. Methods: Ridge preservation was performed in 44 extraction sites. After extraction, deproteinized bovine bone mineral coated with synthetic oligopeptide (Ossgen-$X15^{(R)}$) or deproteinized bovine bone mineral (Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$) was implanted into the socket. A collagen membrane (Bio-$Gide^{(R)}$) was trimmed to cover the socket completely and applied to the entrance of the socket. Four clinical parameters were compared between baseline and 6 months. Results: During healing period, membrane exposure was observed at 19 sites. At the re-entry, hard newly formed tissue were observed at the ridge preservation site. The grafted socket sites were well preserved in their volume dimension. In both groups, horizontal ridge width was reduced and vertical height was increased. There were not statistically significant differences in horizontal (-1.32 mm vs -1.00 mm) and vertical ridge change (2.24 mm vs 2.37 mm at buccal crest, 1.36 mm vs. 1.53 mm at lingual crest) between two groups. Conclusions: The ridge preservation approach after tooth extraction effectively prevented resorption of hard tissue ridge in spite of membrane exposure during healing period.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.439-453
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the masicatory efficiency in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), especially internal derangement of temporomandibular (TM) joint. For this study, 26 patients after treatment and 33 dental students who had no signs and symptoms of TMDs were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Mean treatment duration of the patients was. 5.1 months. Verbal rating scale(VRS) and Visual analogue scale(VAS) were used for recording of subjective symptoms. Treatment index (VAS Ti) derived from VAS was calculated for evaluation of treatment progress and clinical examination was also performed for objective symptoms. BioEGN(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, USA) was used for observation chewing movement pattern on peanut, caramel candy, and gum chewing. Chewing time in second and symptoms after chewing were recorded, and pattern of chewing stroke between in affected side and in contralateral side or between in right in left side were compared, and especially, gum chewing pattern between before and after treatment were also compared in the patients group. The data obtained were analysed by SPSS windows program and the results of this study were as follows : 1. Subjective symptoms evaluated by VAS showed no difference between the two groups, but those by VRS showed slight difference for TM joint pain, head not neck symptoms, and chewing ability. 2. There were no difference at the level of subjective symptoms between the subgroups divided by treatment duration of five months in the patients group. However, value of VAS Ti of pain was higher in subgroup of long treatment duration than that of subgroup of short treatment duration. 3. There were no difference in chewing time for peanut or caramel candy between the two groups, but on caramel candy chewing, the patients group complained slight discomfort after swallowing. Chewing velocity and range of motion on gum chewing after treatment in the patients group showed significant difference and greatly improved compared to those to before treatment, and which were not differ from those of normal subjects. In conclusion, treatment of temporomandibular disorders about for five months would greatly improve chewing ability and movement pattern in most of the patients with TMDs.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.135-143
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid on radiosensitivity and radiation-induced apoptosis in NHOK, HEp-2 and FaDu cell lines. Material and Methods: We measured the changes in survival fraction at 2 Gy (SF2), α and β after treatment of retinoic acid (1μM) prior to irradiation with doses of 2, 4, 6 and 10 Gy and correlated the radiosensitizing effect of retinoic acid with them. Also, apoptosis induction was assayed with the flow cytometry on days 1,2, 3, 4 and 5 after irradiation (2, 10 and 20 Gy) combined with retinoic acid. Results and Conclusion: SF2 values for NHOK, HEp-2 and FaDu cell lines were 0.54, 0.64 and 0.41, respectively and the cell line of FaDu was the most radiosensitive. For cell lines of NHOK and HEp-2, pretreatment of cells with retinoic acid resulted in a significant decrease of the SF2 values. The α/β ratios of x-ray survival curve were 8.714 (NHOK), 4.098 (HEp-2) and 11.79 (FaDu). The α/β ratio for NHOK decreased on pretreatment with retinoic acid, whereas those for HEp-2 and FaDu increased. Radiation induced apoptosis in all cell lines but, retinoic acid did not affect the apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2004

The appropriate care to the dental emergency patients is much important in the aspect of community dental service. To attain such a purpose, the sacred duty of the training of oral and maxillofacial surgeons is required. So, a retrospective study on the characteristics of dental injuries and diseases in emergency care unit will be very meaningful. This study was carried by reviewing the charts and radiographic films of 3,394 patients, treated for dental emergency at Wonju Christian Hospital, Republic of Korea, from January 1, 1993 to December 31, 2002. All patients were classified to 6 groups including trauma, toothache, infection, hemorrhage, TMJ disorder and the others. The clinical characteristics of diseases and treatment modalities according to each group were analyzed. The trauma (73.9%) was the most frequent cause in dental emergency patients, and acute toothache, odontogenic infection, oral hemorrhage, and TMJ disorder were next in order. Gender prediction was male (68%), there were many patients on May and December in the monthly frequency, and the most frequent age group was from 0 to 9 years. In the trauma group, male (68.6%) was predominant, and soft tissue injuries and primary closures were the most frequent type of injury and treatment. In jaw fractures, traffic accidents were the most cause and the weakest site was mandibular symphysis area, and mandibular angle, condyle, and body area were next in order. In the acute toothache group, the cause was dental pulpitis mostly and treatment for that was drug administration mainly. Buccal space abscess in infection group had the largest incidence (24.5%), and common treatments were incision and drainage and medications. In the hemorrhage group, a major cause was postoperative bleeding (60.3%) and hemostasis was obtained by pressure dressing, curettage and suture. For the TMJ disorder group, the peak incidence (63.8%) was shown in the post-traumatic myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome and its primary care was medication such as analgesics and sedatives. In the other group, the various specific symptoms were complained due to acute sialadenitis, trigeminal neuralgia, acute stomatitis, chemical burn, terminal stage neuritis of head and neck cancer, and foreign body aspiration. In conclusion, for the rapid and proper care of the emergency dental diseases, well-trained education should be presented to the intern and resident course of oral and maxillofacial surgery. And it is demanded that oral and maxillofacial surgeons must be prepared in knowledge and skill for such emergency care.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2005

Purpose: The lymph node status assessed by conventional histological examination is the most important prognostic factor in patients undergoing surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The presence of lymph node metastasis has a strong adverse impact on patient survival even after extended radical resection. Despite these findings, tumour recurrence is not rare after surgery, even when histological examination shows no lymph node metastasis. Recently, molecular-genetically and immunohistochemically demonstrated micrometastasis to the lymph nodes has been shown to have a significant adverse influence on survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and histologically negative nodes. The present study sought to determine the incidence and clarify the clinical significance of molecular-genetically and immunohistochemically demonstrated nodal micrometastases and to correlate these data with the stage of oral cancer. Methods: Lymph nodes systematically removed from 71 patients who underwent curative resection between 1998 and 2003 with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were examined molecular-genetically to detect cytokeratin 5 mRNA with RT-PCR and immunohistochemically to detect cells that stained positively for cytokeratins with the monoclonal antibody cocktail AE1/AE3. The postoperative course and survival rates were compared among patients with and without micrometastases, after numerical classification of overt metastatic nodes. Results: micrometastases were detected in 43(60%) of 71 patients by RT-PCR and 26(36%) of 71 patients by immunohistochemistry. By RT-PCR analysis, patients exhibiting a positive band for CK 5 mRNA had a significantly worse prognosis than those were RT-PCR negative. By immunohistochemistry, the presence of micrometastasis did not predict patient outcome. Conclusion: Micrometastases detected by RT-PCR may be of clinical value in identifying patients who may be at high risk for recurrence and who are therefore likely to benefit from systemic adjuvant therapy.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.584-589
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• 2018

Secondary prevention via earlier detection would afford the greatest chance for a cure in premalignant lesions. We investigated the exomic profiles of non-malignant and malignant changes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the genomic blueprint of human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven carcinogenesis in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Whole-exome (WES) and whole-genome (WGS) sequencing were performed on peripheral blood and adjacent non-tumor and tumor specimens obtained from eight Korean HNSCC patients from 2013 to 2015. Next-generation sequencing yielded an average coverage of $94.3{\times}$ for WES and $35.3{\times}$ for WGS. In comparative genomic analysis of non-tumor and tumor tissue pairs, we were unable to identify common cancer-associated early mutations and copy number alterations (CNA) except in one pair. Interestingly, in this case, we observed that non-tumor tonsillar crypts adjacent to HPV-positive OPSCC appeared normal under a microscope; however, this tissue also showed weak p16 expression. WGS revealed the infection and integration of high-risk type HPV16 in this tissue as well as in the matched tumor. Furthermore, WES identified shared and tumor-specific genomic alterations for this pair. Clonal analysis enabled us to infer the process by which this transitional crypt epithelium (TrCE) evolved into a tumor; this evolution was accompanied by the subsequent accumulation of genomic alterations, including an ERBB3 mutation and large-scale CNAs, such as 3q27-qter amplification and 9p deletion. We suggest that HPV16-driven OPSCC carcinogenesis is a stepwise evolutionary process that is consistent with a multistep carcinogenesis model. Our results highlight the carcinogenic changes driven by HPV16 infection and provide a basis for the secondary prevention of OPSCC.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2003

The spinal cord dose is the one of the limiting factor for the radiation treatment of the head ＆ neck or the thorax region. It is not an easy task to maintain the spinal cord dose below tolerance and to keep the clinically acceptable dose to the PTV in this region. To overcome this problem, the spinal cord partial block technique (PBT) with the dynamic Multi-Leaf Collimator (dMLC) has been developed. This technique is an extension of the conventional treatment planning. In the beginning the beam directions are selected as same as the conventional treatment planning to encompass the PTV, then the partial block are designed to shield the spinal cord. The plan comparisons between the conventional therapy plan and the PTB plan were performed to evaluate the validity of this technique. The mean dose and the dose volume histogram (DVH) were used as the plan comparison indices. A series of quality assurance (QA) was performed to guarantee the reliable treatment. The QA consisted of the film dosimetry for the verification of the dose distribution and the point measurements. The PBT plan generated better results than the conventional treatment plan and it was proved to be useful for the H＆N region.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 1981

Bone scans with $^{99m}Tc-MDP$ (methylene diphosphonate) were obtained and analysed in 574 patients with biopsy-proven malignancy, who visited Seoul National University Hospital from April, 1979 to June, 1931. Clinical staging was done in all patients without bone scan information and compared with bone scan to determine the predictive value of bone scanning. 1. Primary site of the maligancies were lung in 152, breast in 97, stomach in 43, colon in 15, esophagus in 9, liver and pancreas in 11, kidney in 14, bladder in 27, prostate in 22, thyroid in 20, skin in 11, bone in 9, head and neck in 36, ovary and uterus in 17, hematopoietic and lymphoretic ular system in 33, nervous system in 10, and others in 9 cases. Primary site was not defined in 39 cases. 2. Bone scans were positive in 186 cases (32.4%), which, included 48 cases (31.6%) of lung cancer, 27 cases (27.8%) of breast cancer, 12 cases(28%) of stomach cancer, 6 cases(40%) of colon cancer, 6 cases(43%) of kidney tumor, 4 cases(15%) of bladder cancer, 14 cases(64%) of prostate cancer, 3 cases(15%) of thyroid cancer and 66 other cases. 3. Bone scans were suspicious in 64 cases (11.2%) which included 29 cases (19.1%) of lung cancer, 10 cases (10.3%) of breast cancer, 4 cases (9.3%) of stomach cancer, one case (7%) of colon cancer, 3 cases(11%) of bladder cancer, 2 cases(10%) of thyroid cancer and 15 other cases. 4. Out of 121 cases with early stage of malignancy (which included 20 cases of lung cancer in stage I, II, 38 cases of breast cancer, 13 cases of stomach cancer, 8 cases of kidney tumor, 14 cases of thyroid cancer in stage $I{\sim}III$, and 6 cases of colon cancer, 14 cases of bladder cancer, 8 cases of prostate cancer in stage $A{\sim}C$, bone scans were positive in 5 cases (4.1%) which included 3 cases of lung cancer one case of breast cancer and one case of prostate cancer, and considered as further advanced stage. Out of 121 cases with early stage of malgnancy, bone scans were suspicious in 21 cases (17.4%) which inlcuded 9 cases of lung cancer, 4 cases of breast cancer, 2 cases of stomach cancer, one case of colon cancer, 3 cases of bladder cancer, and 2 cases of thyroid cancer. From these results, we concluded bone scan was useful in detecting bone metastasis in patients of early stage of malignancy, determining prognosis and establishing therapentic plan.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.806-819
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical characteristics and remedial value oriental medical therapy for sufferers of severe headache. Methods : On the authority of DongEuiBoCam, patients were classified into three groups: migraine, qi-syncope headache and phlegm-headache. All patients wert treated with acupuncture therapy and herb medicines. After that inquiry was made into the extent of improvement of headache. Results : 1. In accordance with the statistics, 56 cases(50.5%) had phlegm-syncope headache, 28 cases(25.2%) had qi-syncope headache and 27 cases(24.3%) had migraine. 2. The ratio between males and females was about 1:4. Most patients were in their forties. 3. 12 cases(31.6%) with migraine had pain only on the right side of the head, 20 cases(26.3%) with phlegm-syncope and 17 cases(45.6%) with qi-syncope headache suffered from the frontal lobe headache. 4. 8 cases(29.6%) with migraine had been suffering for a week or less, 12 cases(21.4%) with phlegm-syncope headache had been suffering for over six months and under one year and 6 cases(21.4%) with qi-syncupe headache had suffered over one year and under five. 5. Overwork and stress was deemed the main cause of migraine. Phlegm-syncope headache was also attributed to stress and tense situations. Qi-syncope headache was believed to be variously caused by traffic accident, noise, blood pressure and other reasons. 6. 46 cases(30%) felt dull headache and 32 cases(20.9%) felt dizzy. The common associated symptoms of migraine and qi-syncope headache included back, neck and shoulder pain and other pains. Dizziness was an especially prevalent symptom of phlegm-syncope headache. 7. After the oriental medical therapy, 12 cases(10.8%) almost entirely recovered, 50 cases(45%) were in about half as much pain, 45 cases(40.5%) improved little and 4 cases(3.6%) felt no improvement. Conclusions : The results support a role for oriental medical therapy in treatment of headache.