• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

This study was conducted to analyze if there is a difference between the head hospital and branch hospital by comparing the profitability and operating expenses to patient revenue of oriental medicine hospitals affiliated with universities in order to find whether opening branch hospitals is an appropriate method to increase profitability. Profit indices used for the comparison of head hospital and branch hospital include ratio of operating profit on medical revenue, net-income on medical revenue, net profit to total assets, and operating profit to total assets; and cost indices included ratio of labor costs, material costs and administrative costs. In comparison of profit indices of head hospitals and branch hospitals, head hospitals displayed negative(-) in all four profit index averages while branch hospitals displayed positive(+), showing that branch hospitals have higher profitability. In particular, in the case of head hospitals, ratio of net profit to total assets was -13.6%, while that of branch hospitals was 12.9%, which was higher than 3.1%, the average of Korean oriental medicine hospitals in 2011. As a result of difference analysis between groups of head hospitals and branch hospitals, profit indices of ratio of operating profit on medical revenue, net-income on medical revenue, and ratio of net profit to total assets were found to vary by hospitals, but there was no statistically significant difference between head hospitals and branch hospitals(p<0.1). Only the ratio of operating profit to total assets of head hospitals and branch hospitals indicated significant difference between the two groups, showing that ratio of operating profit to total assets of branch hospitals is larger than that of head hospitals. Meanwhile, the cost indices of ratio of labor costs, material costs and administrative costs in the difference test results did not show significant difference between the head hospital and branch hospital(p<0.1). Thus, it cannot be said that a certain oriental medicine hospital's profitability is high or low depending on whether it is head hospital or a branch as profitability varies depending on the management environment of the hospital. Therefore, oriental medicine hospitals affiliated with universities would need to make efforts to increase their profitability as an individual hospital rather than focusing on whether they are head hospital or a branch.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role conflict of head nurse； to identify the degree of the role conflict, the sources of the conflict, and the relation between the degree of the conflict and the general characteristics of head nurse. During the period from July 23, 1984 to August 4, 1984, data were collected from 109 head nurses working in 7 general hospitals in seoul. The results of this study were: 1. The degree of the role conflict of head nurse was moderate. But among the three areas in performing head nurse's role, the degree of role conflict as a operational manager was slightly serious. 2. In the various sources of the role conflict of head nurse, the main sources were the shoratage of personnel (20.7%), lack of equipment (19.3%), and lack of time. (17.6%). 3. In comparison of the degree of role conflict of head nurse, there is no significant difference in the general characteristics of head nurse. But the role conflict of head nurse as a operational manager, there is a significant difference in hospital types in which the head nurse were working. (p <0.01). And as a operational manager, there is a significant difference of role conflict in educational levels. (p <0.01).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate electromyographic activities of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) by the shape of the ultrasound head. Twelve healthy subjects participated and performed ultrasound therapy with a round head and a long handled head during each 5-minute application. Electromyographic activities of the FDS and FCU were recorded by surface electrodes and normalized by maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) values. There was no difference in the muscular fatigue of FDS and FCU as determined by the shape of the ultrasound head (p>.05). Without the shape of head, the mean power frequency decreased with the time. There also was no difference in %MVIC of the FDS and FCU as determined by the shape of the ultrasound head (p>.05), but the force exerted exceeded 20%MVIC. There was however a significant difference in the amount of cumulative workload of the FDS and FCU as determined by the shape of ultrasound head (p<.05). The workload was however not affected by the shape of the ultrasound head. Constant static grasp of ultrasound transducer head during ultrasound therapy is considered a high risk factor of work-related musculoskeletal disease.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation balance training by applying head control feedback to the balance function and the fall index in older people. Methods: The study was conducted on 26 older people at the S Hospital in Gyeongsansi. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental groupI (EGI, n=9), the experimental groupII (EGII, n=9), and the control group (CG, n=8). The three groups were trained for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks. To assess the patients' static balance function, their limits of stability (LOS) was measured using the BioRescue system, (RM Ingenierie, France), composed of a pressure platform that can measure force in diverse ways, a computer, and a monitor. The dynamic balance function was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Also, the fall index was measured to evaluate the risk of falling. A paired t-test was performed to compare pre- and post-training performance within the groups. One-way ANOVA was performed for comparing the three groups. A post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was also performed. Results: The results of the LOS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI and EGII groups (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). The results of the BBS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI group (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Visual cue deprivation balance training applying head control feedback is effective in improving the dynamic balance function in older people. It is also necessary to constantly maintain the head orientation by feedback and to properly control the head movement.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of head posture and occlusal splint on the vertical dimension in mandibular rest position and swallowing. Thirty health dental students ware selected lot this study and BioEGNⓡ(Bioresearch Inc., USA) was used for measuring interocclusal distance during rest - swallowing - rest - tapping movement. This swallowing movements were observed in both normal head posture(NHP) and forward head posture (FHP). Thickness of occlusal splint was about 2mm at posterior molar area and even tooth contact were achieved on light biting. The four mandibular positions at which interocclusal distance measured were swallowing position, after swallowing position in which interocclusal distance was maximum, rest position follows swallowing, and tapping position after rest. Changes of distance in each position were measured for three mandibular planes, that is, sagittal, frontal, and horizontal plane, respectively. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In normal head posture, the mandible was raised 1.03mm without splint, and 0.77mm with splint on swallowing, and there was no significant difference between the two. In horizontal plane, however, mandible was displaced more anteriorly in both swallowing position and tapping position with splint. 2. In forward head posture, the mandible was less raised with splint on swallowing, but features in horizontal plane were almost same as those in normal head posture. 3. In natural dentition, significant difference between NHP and FHP were observed in horizontal plane trajectory for swallowing and tapping position. But the difference for same positions were observed in frontal trajectory with splint. 4. Total amount of mandibular movement of two groups classified with sagittal interocclusal distance of swallowing position generally showed significant difference between the higher and the lower height group in head posture without splint. 5. Correlationship among total amount of mandibular movement for three mandibular planes were observed between sagittal plane and horizontal plane, and between sagittal plane and frontal plane in head posture without splint.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Purpose : This research intended to find out the effects of scalenus medius muscle relaxed posture on the increase of head-neck rotation for general adults. Methods : This research was conducted on 30 subjects whose both sides head neck rotation angles are not the same and that agreed to participate in the experiment. In a posture of sitting erectly on a mat, both sides head neck rotation angles were measured with C-ROM equipment, and while supporting arm in direction opposite the side where head neck rotation limited and leaning over the body at 45 degree and neck at vertical condition against ground, head-neck rotation angles were measured each with C-ROM equipment. Results : The Head-Neck rotation angle on the side of limited head-neck rotation demonstrated more increase in scalenus medius relaxed posture than in erect sitting posture, showing significant difference statistically(p<0.05). The head-neck rotation angle on the side of non-limited Head-Neck rotation demonstrated more decrease in scalenus medius relaxed posture than in erect sitting posture, not showing any significant difference statistically (p>0.05). Conclusions : This posture may be used for preventing limit of head-neck rotation caused of scalenus medius muscle tension and increasing head-neck rotation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.131-147
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• 1993

To evaluate the contribution of head/neck posture to signs/symptoms of craniomandibular disorder(CMD), the author clinically, cephalo-metrically, analyzed craniomandibular index (CMI), clinical dysfunction index(CDI), occlusal index(OI) and head posture, cervical spine, cervicovertebral anatomy, craniofacial variables from 30 CMD patients and control. And the author analyzed difference between patients and control, and the correlation between CMI, CDI and head posture, cervical spine, cervicovertebral anatomy, craniofacial variables in CMD patients and control. The obtained results were as follows : 1. There was very high significant correlation between CMI and CDI(r=0.8969, p<0.01). 2. There was significant difference between patients and control in head/neck posture, head/neck anatomy(p<0.05). 3. There was significant correlation between CMI, CDI and head posture, cervical spine, cervicovertebral anatomy, craniofacial variables(p<0.05). 4. There was more significant correlation between DI and head/neck posture, head/neck anatomy than between PI and head/neck posture, head/neck anatomy in CMD patients(p<0.05)

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1996

Body position is known to have an effect on vital capacity(VC). The purpose of this study was to examine effect on VC of posture, sex and smoking, and the difference between predicted and measured values of VC. VC was measured in the standing and the $30^{\circ}$ head-down position in 40 healthy subjects (20 men and 20 women) in a random order of testing. When subjects changed from standing to head-down position, this VC decreased by 19.9%. In both positions, VC changes in men were significantly larger than in women. No statistically significant difference was found in men who smoked. There was no difference between the predicted and measured values in men. But measured values were larger than predicted values in women. Because VC can decrease by 19.9% in the head-down position due to the effect of gravity, attention should be paid especially to patients who are placed in the head-down position for postural drainage since they already have a decreased VC.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.476-481
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• 2023

Objective : The latest version of the Leksell Gamma Knife Icon^TM allows for mask- and frame-based fixation. Although mask fixation provides fractionated treatment and immobilization using a noninvasive method, it is not free from collision. The authors investigated the collision problem with a modified mask fixation method. Methods : This study presents a case of two meningiomas in the frontal area, where a collision occurs in the occipital area. A modified mask fixation method was introduced to avoid the collision : first, the edges of the head cushion were cut off and polystyrene beads with a diameter of approximately 5 cm were removed. Next, the head cushion was sealed using a stapler. Finally, the head cushion was flattened in the adapter. We compared the shot coordinates, 3-dimensional (3D) error, clearance distance, and vertical depth of the head cushion between the initial and modified mask fixations. Results : When comparing the initial and modified mask fixations, the difference in the shot coordinates was +10.5 mm along the y-axis, the difference in the 3D error was approximately 18 mm, and the difference in clearance was -10.2 mm. The head cushion was approximately 8 mm deeper in the modified mask fixation. Conclusion : Based on these findings, we recommend a modified mask fixation method for gamma knife radiosurgery using ICON with a collision.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

본 연구는 일정한 자세를 장시간 유지하며 작업하는 직업군을 대상으로 자연스런 두부자세(natural head position:NHP)와 두경부 통증에 대하여 조사하였으며, 두경부 통증에 영향을 미칠수 있는 요인에 대하여 평가하였다. 27명의 대상자에게 임상 검사 및 설문지 작성과 면담을 통하여 생활변화로 인한 스트레스정도, 스트레스시 나타나는 안면에 증상 정도, 두경부 통증 경감에 영향을 주는 요인에 대하여 조사하였다. 두부자세 평가를 위하여 후방에 5cm 간격의 눈금을 지닌 자세판을 바닥과 평행하게 설치한 후 사진 촬영을 하였다. 보다 정확한 두부자세 재현을 위하여 수일의 간격을 두고 재차 촬영하였다. 두경부 통증 빈도, 두경부 통증에 따른 두부 자세, 두경부 통증여부에 따른 생활변화, 스트레스로 인한 증상 발현 정도, 통증에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인에 대하여 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 자연스런 두부 자세에서 평균적으로 $-0.70{\pm}2.74$로 약간 좌측으로 기울이고 있으며, acromion은 $-0.26{\pm}2.10$으로 좌측으로 기울어져 있었다. 수직선과 흉쇄유돌근이 이루는 각도, 수평선과 eye-tragus 을 이은 연장선이 이루는 각도, pulm line에서 acrominon에 이르는 거리와 tragus에 이르는 거리에서 유의성이 있었다 2. 구강안면 동통을 가진 군과 구강안면동통이 없다고 대답한 군에서 평균적인 NHP 측정치와 NHP양에서는 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 3. 두경부 통증이 있는 군과 없는 군사이에는 통계학적으로 유의성은 없었으나 12개월 이내의 생활 변화량과 변화횟수에서 통증이 없는 군이 생활 변화량과 그 횟수가 더 많았다. 4. 스트레스 증상 발현정도는 두경부 통증이 있는 군이 두경부 통증이 없는 군에 비하여 더 많은 빈도를 보였다. 5. 취미생활이나 운동을 행하는 군과 그렇지 않은 군사이에 두경부 통증에 대한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 연구에서 일정한 자세를 유지하며 작업하는 직업군에서의 구강안면통증을 평가하는데 있어서는 두부자세의 평가가 이루어져야하며, 두경부 통증에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 다각적 요인을 분석하여 두경부 통증 처치에 전문적인 처방이 필요함을 알 수 있었다.