• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hct

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Determination of Tumor Boundaries on CT Images Using Unsupervised Clustering Algorithm (비교사적 군집화 알고리즘을 이용한 전산화 단층영상의 병소부위 결정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Kyung-Hoo;Ji, Young-Hoon;Lee, Dong-Han;Yoo, Seoung-Yul;Cho, Chul-Koo;Kim, Mi-Sook;Yoo, Hyung-Jun;Kwon, Soo-Il;Chun, Jun-Chul
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2001
  • It is a hot issue to determine the spatial location and shape of tumor boundary in fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). We could get consecutive transaxial plane images from the phantom (paraffin) and 4 patients with brain tumor using helical computed tomography(HCT). K-means classification algorithm was adjusted to change raw data pixel value in CT images into classified average pixel value. The classified images consists of 5 regions that ate tumor region (TR), normal region (NR), combination region (CR), uncommitted region (UR) and artifact region (AR). The major concern was how to separate the normal region from tumor region in the combination area. Relative average deviation analysis was adjusted to alter average pixel values of 5 regions into 2 regions of normal and tumor region to define maximum point among average deviation pixel values. And then we drawn gross tumor volume (GTV) boundary by connecting maximum points in images using semi-automatic contour method by IDL(Interactive Data Language) program. The error limit of the ROI boundary in homogeneous phantom is estimated within ${\pm}1%$. In case of 4 patients, we could confirm that the tumor lesions described by physician and the lesions described automatically by the K-mean classification algorithm and relative average deviation analyses were similar. These methods can make uncertain boundary between normal and tumor region into clear boundary. Therefore it will be useful in the CT images-based treatment planning especially to use above procedure apply prescribed method when CT images intermittently fail to visualize tumor volume comparing to MRI images.

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Effects of Cucurbita moschata, Adlay Seed, and Cudrania tricuspidata Leaf Mixed-powder Diet Supplements on the Visceral Fat, Fecal Amount, and Serum Lipid Levels of the Rats on a High-Fat Diet (늙은 호박, 율무, 꾸지뽕잎 혼합조성물이 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 내장지방, 배변량 및 혈청지질농도에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Kyoung-Won;Sung, Ki-Seung;Kim, Sung-Soo;Lee, Ok-Hwan;Lee, Bog-Hieu;Han, Chan-Kyu
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.990-998
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    • 2012
  • This study investigated the effects of the diet with Cucurbita moschata (CM), adlay seed (AS), and Cudrania tricuspidata leaf (CTL) mixed-powder on the visceral fat, fecal amount, and serum lipid profiles in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The mixed ratio of CM, AS, and CTL as a functional food ingredient was 1:1:1 on a weight basis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (D12492; 45 kcal fat) for 5 weeks during the first phase. In the second phase, which lasted 5 weeks, the rats were divided into six experimental groups. The groups were: a high-fat diet group as a control during the 10 weeks of experimental period; and a high-fat diet with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30% mixed-powder supplement group. The adipose tissue (RFP, EFP) weights were significantly decreased in the 20% and 30% mixed-powder supplement groups than in the HFD group (p<0.05). The fecal weight produced by the 15%, 20%, and 30% mixed-powder supplement groups was significantly increased during the second phase compared to the first phase (p<0.05). In terms of serum lipids, TG (triglyceride) content was decreased in the 10% and 15% mixed-powder supplement groups. The blood glucose levels were significantly decreased in all experimental diet supplement groups than in the HFD group (p<0.05). The findings show that the high supplement groups could improve the visceral fat accumulation, fecal amount, and blood glucose content compared to the HFD group.

The Study on Acute and Subacute Toxicity and Sarcoma-180 Anti-cancer Effects of Triglii Semen Herbal-acupuncture (파두약침(巴豆藥鍼)의 급성(急性) 아급성(亞急性) 독성실험(毒性實驗) 및 Sarcoma-180 항암효과(抗癌效果)에 관(關)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究))

  • Yoo, Chang-Kil;Kwon, Ki-Rok;Yu, Byeong-Gil
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.5 no.1 s.8
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    • pp.27-42
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    • 2002
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and subacute toxicity and sarcoma- 180 anti-cancer effects of Herbal acupuncture with Triglii Semen in mice and rats. Method: Balble mice were injected intraperitoneally with Triglii semen Herbal acupuncture for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with Triglii semen Herbal acupuncture for subacute toxicity test. The Triglii semen Herbal acupuncture was injected on Chung-wan(CV12) of mice with S-180 cancer cell line. Results: 1. In acute toxicity test, the $LD_{50}$ value was $7.49{\times}10^3$ml, 0.30ml/kg.2. The body weights of mice treated with Triglii semen Herbal acupuncture increased during the acute toxicity test. 3. In acute toxicity test of serum biochenrical values of mice, total protein was decreased in treatment groups I, 2 and 3, albunrin was decreased in treatment groups 2 and 3 compared to the control group. GOT was increased in treatment group I and Alk. Phosphatase was increased in treatment groups 1,2 and 3 compared to the normal group(p<0.05). 4.ln subacute toxicity test, severe tissue injury was found in lung and liver. 5. In subacute toxicity test, the body weight was decreased in treatment groups I and 2 compared to the normal group and the weight of liver. lung and kidney were increased in treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 compared to the normal group.(p<0.05) 6. In subacute toxicity test, RBC, HGB and HCT were decreased in treatment groups 1 and 2 compared to the normal group. MCV was increased in treatment group1 compared to the normal group, MCH was increased in treatment groups 1 and 2 compared to the control group in complete blood count test.(p<0.05) 7. In subacute toxicity test, total protein was decreased in treatment groups 1 and 2 compared to the nonnal group, BUN was increased in treatment groups 1 and 2 compared to the nonnal group, creatinine and uric acid were decreased in treatment groups 1 and 2 compared to the normal group, glucose was increased in treatment group 2 compared to the nonnal group, triglycelide was decreased in treatment groups I and 2 compared to the normal group, total cholesterol was increased in treatment groups 1 and 2 compared to the control group. GOT was decreased in treatment group 2 compared to the normal and control group, AIk. Phosphatase was increased in treatment group 1 compared to the normal and control group.(p<0.05) 8. Median survival time was 17days in treatment group 2 for S- 180 cancer cell treated with Triglii semen Herbal acupuncture. 9. Natural killer cell activity was insignificant for S-180 cell treated with Triglii semen Herbal acupuncture.(p<0.05) 10. lnterieukin-2 productivity was decreased for S-180 cell treated with Triglii semen Herbal acupuncture compared to the normal and control group.(p<0.05) Conclusion: According to the results, we can conclude Herbal-acupuncture with Triglii semen caused toxicity, and caused no effects in S-180 cancer cell.

Praziquantel($Distocide^{\circledR}$) in Treatment of Clonorchis sinensis Infection (국산 Praziquantel($디스토시드^{\circledR}$)의 간흡충증에 대한 효과)

  • 서병고;이순형금종일홍성태
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.241-245
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    • 1983
  • PraziquantEI ($Distocide^{\circledR}$), the KcrEan product, was tEstEd for its safety and Efficacy in treatmEnt of Clonorchis sinensiJ infccticn during the period from April to SeptembEr, 1983 in Korea. A total of 55 egg positive cases were selected and treated with the regimen of 25 mg/kg t.i.d. for 1 day (total 75 mg/kg). The follow-up stool examination was done in 47 cases by cellophane thir;k smear and Stoll's egg counting techniques. The 8 uncured cases were treated again with the same regimen. The laboratory tests for blood picture and liver function were done in 27 cases and compared before and after the treatment. The results obtainEd are as follows: 1. After single course treatment, the cure and egg reduction rates were 83.0 and 99.1% respectively. With the second treatment, excellent results of 100% in both rates were obtained. 2. Several kinds of side effects such as dizziness, headache, etc. were complained by 29 cases (61.7 %), however, those were so mild and transient that no special treatment was necessary. 3. No significant change in laboratory findings was recognizable before and after the treatment. From the above results, it is concluded that $Distocide^{\circledR}$ is as effective and safe as $Biltricide^{\circledR}$ and highly recommendable in treatment of C. sinensis infection.

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Effect of ${\beta}$-glucan on Growth, Feed Efficiency and Hematologic Index in Sparague-Dawley Rats (${\beta}$-glucan이 Sparague-Dawley 랫드의 성장, 식이효율 및 혈액성상에 미치는 효과)

  • kim, So-Jung;Lee, Jin-Seok;Kwon, Jung-Ki;An, In-Jung;Lee, Seung-Ho;Park, Young-Seok;Park, Byung-Kwon;Kim, Byeong-Soo;Kim, Sang-Ki;Song, Sung-Ki;Lee, Jong-Dae;Cho, Sung-Doe;Choi, Chang-Sun;Jung, Ji-Youn
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2011
  • To investigate the toxicological effects of ${\beta}$-glucan, we performed basic studying on ${\beta}$-glucan in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Standard endpoints in this study included mortality, clinical observations, changes of body weights, analysis on food consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination, hematologic examination, serum biochemistry, analysis of organ weights, gross anatomic pathology and histopathology. No clinical signs and mortality were observed in animals treated with beta-glucan throughout the experimental period. The average body weight of each treatment groups showed similar levels at end of experiment. There were no treatment-related changes in mortality, body weights changes, food consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination. Although there were statistically significant differences between the control and treated groups in some relative and absolute organ weights, and hematological and biochemical analysis, the data were in biologically normal ranges and did not show a dose-dependent manner. In the morphological change, hepatic tissue were not showed ballooning degeneration and irregular arrangement of hepatic cell in ${\beta}$-glucan treatment groups with control group. Also, organs weights (liver, heart, kidney and stomach) and hematological indices (WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and Platelet) did not show statistically significant differences among the experimental groups. In summary of these results, there were no changes in mortality, mean body weight, clinical signs, food consumption. There were no changes in ophthalmological examination, hematology, blood chemistry, necropsy and histopathology. In conclusion, although further investigation of glucan should be performed in the functions registered in many ancient literatures, ${\beta}$-glucan is physiologically safe and may have potential as candidate food for human health.

Effects of Steroids and HCG on in vitro Maturation and Ovulation of Oocyte in Banded Catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (동자개 (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco)의 난모세포 성숙과 배란에 대한 스테로이드와 HCG의 in vitro효과)

  • LIM Sang-Koo;BAEK Hea-Ja;HAN Chang-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.203-210
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    • 1997
  • The aim of this study was to determine the effect of steroids and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on in vitro maturation and ovulation of oocyte in Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Oocytes were incubated in the media Leibovitz L15 supplemented with the various concentration of $17\alpha,\;20\beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one(17\alpha20{\beta}OHP),\;17\alpha-hydroxyprogesterone(17{\alpha}OHP),\;progesterone(P_4),\;estradiol-17\beta(E_2)and\;HCG$. After 60 hours incubation, the maturation ability of oocyte was assessed by the appearance of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). GVBD was significantly enhanced by the addition of $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP,\;17{\alpha}OHP,\;P_4\;and\;HCD(P<0.05)$. The highest CVBD was observed when $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and HCG were supplemented to media. When oocytes were cultured for 16 hours in media containing $10\~1,000\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP,\;17{\alpha}OHP\;and\;P_4$, the rate of GVBD in oocytes cultured in the medium supplemented with 100 ng/ml $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP(65\%)$ was significantly higher than that with $17{\alpha}OHP\;(40\%)\;and\;P_4(35\%)$. The efforts of $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and HCG on GVBD were assessed by various concentration of these hormones. When oocytes were cultured for 60 hours in various media containing $1\~1,000\;ng/ml\;17{\alpha}20{\beta}OHP\;or\;5\~1,000\;IU/ml$ HCG, the GVBD of oocytes was significantly increased in the medium with $10\~100\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ and 500 IU/ml HCT. When oocytes were cultured in the various media supplemented with $1\~1,000\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP\;or\;5\~1,000\;IU/ml$ HCG for 60 hours, the media with $1\~100\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP\;or\;50\~1,000IU/ml$ HCG significantly increased in the rate of ovulation. However supplementation with $1,000\;ng/ml\;17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$or 5 IU/ml HCG did not improve the rate of ovulation compared to controls. This results indicate that supplementation of steroid and HCG except $E_2$ can improve the in vitro maturation and ovulation of oocyte in P. fulvidrac; HCG and $17\alpha20{\beta}OHP$ may be more effective than other steroids on oocyte maturation and ovulation in P. fulvidraco.

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Dietary Intakes, Serum Concentrations, and Urinary Excretions of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr of Korean Young Adult Women (일부 젊은 성인여자의 Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo 및 Cr의 식사섭취, 혈청농도 및 소변배설)

  • Kim, Kyune-Hee;Lim, Hyeon-Sook
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.39 no.8
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    • pp.762-772
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    • 2006
  • This study was conducted to investigate dietary intakes, serum concentrations, and urinary excretions of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr) of Korean young adult women. A total of 19 apparently healthy young adult women aged in their twenties or thirties participated voluntarily. One-tenth of all foods they consumed for 3 consecutive days were collected, all urine excreted for the same 3 days was gathered, and fasting venous blood was withdrawn for the trace mineral analyses. Of the food, blood, and urine samples, the contents of Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Mo, and Cr were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) and that of Fe by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) after wet digestion. The intake of Fe, $6.94{\pm}2.18mg$, did not meet the estimated average requirement (EAR) for Korean women aged 20-29 years old. On the contrary, the intakes of Zn ($9.35{\pm}4.95mg$), Cu ($1.18{\pm}0.26mg$), and Mn ($3.69{\pm}0.69mg$) were sufficient for each respective EAR. However, some of the subjects did not take the EAR for Zn. The Se intake, $41.93{\pm}9.28{\mu}g$, however, was almost similar to the EAR for Se. Although there are no references for Mo and Cr, the intakes of these minerals ($134.0{\pm}49.1\;and\;136.5{\pm}147.9{\mu}g$, respectively) seemed to be excessively sufficient. Serum Fe concentration, $88.7{\pm}36.8{\mu}g/dL$, seemed to be a little bit lower than its reference median but within its normal range. Approximately one-fourth of the subjects were in anemic determined by Hb and Hct and below the deficiency serum level of Fe, $60{\mu}g/dL$. In addition, serum Se concentration, $3.73{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/dL$, was also below its reference median and normal range. However, serum concentrations of Zn ($99.6{\pm}30.6{\mu}g/dL$) and Mo ($0.25{\pm}0.10{\mu}g/dL$) were fairly good compared to each reference median. The status of Cu could be determined as good although its serum concentration ($91.6{\pm}14.6{\mu}g/dL$) was slightly below its reference median. Since there are no decisive reference values, it was not easy to evaluate serum concentrations of Mn ($0.93{\pm}0.85{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($8.60{\pm}7.25{\mu}g/dL$). But Mn and Cr status seemed to be adequate. Urinary Fe excretion, $4.48{\pm}1.98{\mu}g/dL$, was pretty much lower than its reference and that of Se, $2.45{\pm}1.17{\mu}g/dL$, was also lower than its average. On the other hand, those of Zn ($42.95{\pm}20.47{\mu}g/dL$) and Cu ($5.68{\pm}1.50{\mu}g/dL$) were flirty good. In case of Mn, urinary excretion, $0.31{\pm}0.09{\mu}g/dL$, was much greater than its reference. Urinary excretions of Mo ($7.48{\pm}2.95{\mu}g/dL$) and Cr ($1.37{\pm}0.41{\mu}g/dL$) were very higher compared to each reference. The results of this study revealed that Korean young adult women were considerably poor in Fe status, a bit inadequate in Se status, partly inadequate in Zn status, and flirty good in Cu, Mn, Mo and Cr status. However, there was a problem of excessive intakes of Mo and Cr. It, therefore, should be concerned to increase the intakes of Fe, Se and Zn but to decrease Mo and Cr consumption for young adult women.

A Study on the Serologic Parameters in Petients with Anemia of Chronic Renal Failure-According to Erythropoietin Treatment (만성 신부전환자의 빈혈에 있어서 Erythropoietin 치료에 따른 혈청지표의 양상)

  • Lim, Jong-Sik;Kang, Ho-Jung;Park, Jong-Won;Do, Joon-Yeung;Yoon, Kyung-Woo
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.82-93
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    • 1994
  • Clinical study was carried out on the 64 hemodialysis patients(HD) with chronic renal failure who had been treated from December 1992 to July 1993 in Yeungnam University Hospital. The following results were obitained. In hematologic parameters, MCH was $28.8{\pm}2.0pg$, and MCV was $92.4{\pm}4.7fl$. Result revealed normochromic and normocytic anemia. Mean values of serum ferritin were $657.4{\pm}292.0ng/ml$ in men and $511.5{\pm}370g$ in women. Mean valuses of serum iron were $145.5{\pm}63.7{\mu}g/dl$. Mean values of transferrin saturation was $61.6{\pm}28.4%$. Serum frerritin, serum iron and transferrin saturation were higher in HD group than normal reference. In erythropoeitin treatment group, Hb and Hct were significantly higher than non-erythropoietin treatment group. Amount of transfusion was significantly higher in non-erythropoietin treatment group than erythropoeitin treatment group(p<0.05). Values of iron, transferrin saturation were significantly higher in abnormal liver function test(LFT) hemodialysis group than normal LFT group(p<0.05). Transfusion amounts revealed positive correlation with ferritin(r=0.4675), transferrin satruation (r=0.3823) and iron(r=0.3386)(p<0.05). In conclusion, erythropoietin treatment cna reduce requirement of blood transfusion and transfusion related side effects such as iron overload, hemosiderosis and hemochromatosis.

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The effect of captafol on the hematological value, erythrocyte membrane and plasma biochemical value in vitro (시험관내에서 captafol이 혈액학, 적혈구막 및 혈장생화학치에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Sung-hoon;Hwang, Hwa-seon;Cha, Shin-woo;Han, Sang-seop;Roh, Jung-koo
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.507-511
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    • 1993
  • The effect of captafol on the hematological value, erythrocyte membrane and plasma biochemical value was investigated using blood of SPF Sprague-Dawley male rats in vitro. For the anticoagulations, we used 0.5mg of heparin per $10m{\ell}$ of blood from vena cava. Three con-centrations($0.1{\times}10^{-4}M$, $1{\times}10^{-3}M$ and $1{\times}10^{-2}M$) captafol in ethanol were added to the each $2.5m{\ell}$ blood so that the linal concentration of ethanol was 1%. The blood contained with each concentration of captafol was incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ C for 2 hours under 5% $CO_2$ gas The whole blood and plasma were examined for hematological vaJues, erythrocyte membrane damage and biochemical values, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The number of RBC in $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ group and the concentration of MCHC in $1{\times}10^{-3}M$ group were significantly (p<0.05) decreased and increased from that of control values, respectively. The percentage of Hct was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with dose-response. 2. Erythrocyte fragility rate of $1{\times}10^{-3}M$ and $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ group were significantly (p<0.01) increased from that control with dose response. 3. Potassium ion level of $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ was significantly (p<0.05) increased from that of control. 4. The concentration of total bilirubin in the $1{\times}10^{-3}M$ and $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ groups were significantly increased from that of control. The enzyme level of creatine kinase in $1{\times}10^{-2}M$ group was significanlty (p<0.05) decreased from control value.

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Differential Physiological Activity in Different Ages of Panax ginseng (재배인삼의 연령별 생리활성 차이 연구)

  • Chon, Sang-Uk;Kim, Young-Min
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.80-87
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    • 2011
  • Panax ginseng has been used as a traditional medicine for several centuries in Korea. A laboratory experiment using methanol extracts of freeze-dried leaves and roots in the different ages of P. ginseng was conducted to determine the content of phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. The results indicate that the total phenolics level [mg ferulic acid equivalents (FAE) $kg^{-1}$ DW] was higher in leaves (22.0 to 76.3 mg $kg^{-1}$) than roots (19.0 to 28.3 mg $kg^{-1}$) of P. ginseng. The total content of phenolics in roots increased with increase in age of P. ginseng from one to six years. However, the content of phenolics in P. ginseng leaf decreased with the increase in age. Total flavonoid [mg naringin equivalents $kg^{-1}$ DW] was more detected in the leaves (30.3 to 138.6 mg $kg^{-1}$) than in the roots (0.0 to 10.6 mg $kg^{-1}$) of P. ginseng. The total flavonoid level in leaves decreased with increase in age of P. ginseng. The antioxidant potential of the methanol extracts from the plants dose-dependently increased. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in leaves (36.9 to 82.8%) than in roots (14.8 to 39.4%), and in young plants than in old ones. According to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the methanol extracts from 5 year-root part showed the highest cytotoxicity against Calu-6, followed by 2 year- and 3 year-roots. However, the methanol extracts from 6 year- and 4 year-roots had lower cytotoxicity. Total phenolics content in both leaves and roots was highly correlated with the DPPH radical scavenging ($r^2=0.7366$ to 0.7870) and nitrite scavenging ($r^2=0.5604$ to 0.8794) activities, suggesting that they contribute to the antioxidant properties of the P. ginseng plants.