• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of tongue color and the correlation of the tongue colors with clinical laboratory parameters. Methods : Statistical analysis on the frequency of each tongue color and the results of the clinical laboratory parameters in each tongue color group. Results : Tongue colors that appeared most frequently were 702c, 695c, 493c, 694c, 701c, 500c, 7432c, 7431c, 7634c, 7419c in that order. Following them, 494c and 507c were rarer colors, and 501c, 673c, 687c, 693c, 696c, 703c, 7418c were equally rarest colors. Among each tongue color group, a significant difference was found in the result of complete blood cell count (CBC). The level of red blood cell (RBC) of 7432c group was significantly higher than that of the other groups except 694c group. The level of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) of 7432c group were significantly higher than those of all the other groups. The level of RBC of 7431c group was lowest and significantly different from 694c, 7432c group. In results of the other tests were not significantly different. However the level of total cholesterol was higher in 695c, 694c, 500c group, and the level of triglyceride was higher in 500c, 7431c, 694c group. Those four colors have a low chroma and 7431c, 695c take blue violet color. Conclusions : The tongue color is distributed throughout following colors by order of frequency: 702c, 695c, 493c, 694c, 701c, 500c, 7432c, 7431c, 7634c, 7419c, 708c, 494c, 507c, 501c, 673c, 687c, 693c, 696c, 703c, 7418c. Some parameters of CBC has a significant correlation with some tongue colors. Other results including lipid profile, renal function test, and liver function test had no significant difference according to tongue color. However, the colors which have low chroma or take blue violet color tented to be higher in the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 1988

This study was performed to investigate the effect of lactose in 4 different concentrations against the protective effect of calcium on the acute lead poisoning in rats after 4 weeks treatment. In this animal experiment, 70 albino male weanling rats (50-70g of body weight) of Sprague-Dawley strain were used. Lead was dissolved in the distilled water and intubated at the dose of 400mg lead (as acetate)/ kg of body weight/day. Calcium and lactose were administered in drinking water ad libiturn dissolved with the solution of 0.7% calcium gluconate mixed with 40, 80, 160 and 320mM lacotse respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The rate of body weight gain in all treated groups turned out to be lower than that in the control group during 4 weeks treatment. The slow-down of body weight gain was the most significantly observed in the group treated with lead only ( p < 0.05). 2. The relative spleen weight in lead only treated group was significantly lower than that of lead + calcium, lead + calcium + 80mM lactose treated group ( p < 0.05). 3. The value of RBC, WBC, Hb and Hct showed a decreasing tendency in the group treated with lead only ( p < 0.05), however, a significant decrease was not observed in the group treated with lead + calcium. On the other hand, the protective effect of calcium was deteriorated in the group treated with lead + calcium + lactose. 4. The activity of $\delta$-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase ($\delta$-ALAD activity) showed the same tendency as No. 2. 5. The lead concentration in the blood (PbB) showed an increasing tendency and the interrelation among the different groups was also identical with No. 2. 6. With a statistical approach, it was found out that the activity of $\delta$-ALAD and the lead concentration in the blood show a relation of inverse proportion(r=-0.7301). The diagram was interpreted with the logarithmic equation InY = 5.5357-0.0251X (X:PbB, Y:$\delta$-ALAD activity). 7. In the histopathological findings of the kidney, the protective effect of calcium was observed. However, the protective effect of calcium was restricted in the group treated with lead + calcium + lactose. As a conclusion, the intensity of the acute ingested lead poisoning was obviously reduced by calcium, however, the protective effect of calcium was deteriorated in proportion with the concentration of the lactose to be administered. On the other hand, it was also noted that the deterioration was lightly restrained in the group treated with the physiological concentration of 80mM lactose than the results shown in the groups treated with lactose of other concentrations.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2016

Five fractions separated from Nannochloropsis oculata using solvent-solvent partition chromatography of 80% methanolic extract of N. oculata (NOM) followed by the open silica column chromatography of its hexane fraction (NOMH) for the anti-inflammatory on RAW 264.7 cells and anti-cancer activities on HL-60, A-549, HEP-3B, HCT-116, and SW-480 cancer cells. All the five fractions showed potential anti-inflammatory activities against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages cells with IC₅₀ values less than 6.25 μg mL⁻¹. Moreover, 90% n-hexane column elution of NOMH (NOMH90) down-regulated lipopolysaccharide-stimulated protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, NOMH90 showed marked cytotoxic effect on the HL-60 cells with IC₅₀ value of 23.58 ± 0.09 μg mL⁻¹. In addition, Hoechst 33342 cell permeable dye used to visualize the apoptosis nucleus and cell cycle analysis measured Sub-G1 DNA contents to confirm reduction of the cell viability in NOMH90 treated cells due to induction of apoptosis in HL60. These results are quite related to the phytosterol contents of the NOMH fractions and the results suggest N. oculata extracts might be useful as potential sources of natural anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer compounds. In conclusion, the sterol content in N. oculata might provide a promising role in future medicines in anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.351-355
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• 2010

Our previous proteomic study demonstrated that oxidative stress and antioxidant delphinidin regulated the cellular level of $p27^{kip1}$ (referred to as p27) as well as some heat shock proteins in human colon cancer HT 29 cells. Current study was conducted to validate and confirm the regulation of these proteins using both in vitro and in vivo systems. The level of p27 was decreased by hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner in human colon carcinoma HCT 116 (p53-positive) cells while it was increased upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide in HT 29 (p53-negative) cells. However, high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (100 ${\mu}M)$ downregulated p27 in both cell lines, but delphindin, one of antioxidative anthocyanins, enhanced the level of p27 suppressed by 100 ${\mu}M$ hydrogen peroxide. ICR mice were injected with varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, delphinidin and both. Western blot analysis for the mouse large intestinal tissue showed that the expression of p27 was upregulated by 25 mg/kg BW hydrogen peroxide. To investigate the association of p27 regulation with hypoxia-inducible factor 1-beta (HIF-$1{\beta}$), the level of p27 was analyzed in wild-type mouse hepatoma hepa1c1c7 and Aryl Hydrocarbon Nuclear Translocator (arnt, HIF-$1{\beta}$)-defective mutant BPRc1 cells in the absence and presence of hydrogen peroxide and delphinidin. While the level of p27 was responsive to hydrogen peroxide and delphinidin, it remained unchanged in BPRc1, suggesting that the regulation of p27 requires functional HIF-$1{\beta}$. We also found that hydrogen peroxide and delphinidin affected PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway which is one of upstream regulators of HIFs. In conclusion, hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant delphinidin seem to regulate intracellular level of p27 through regulating HIF-1 level which is, in turn, governed by its upstream regulators comprising of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The results should also encourage further study for the potential of p27 as a biomarker for intracellular oxidative or antioxidant status.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.1544-1550
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• 2008

The retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) play a critical role in vision, growth, reproduction, cell differentiation and embryonic development. Using the IMpRH panel, porcine cellular retinol binding protein genes 5 and 7 (RBP5 and RBP7) were assigned to porcine chromosomes 5 and 6, respectively. The complete coding sequences (CDS) of the RBP5 and RBP7 genes were amplified using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, and the deduced amino acid sequences of both genes were compared to human corresponding proteins. The mRNA distributions of the two genes in adult Wuzhishan pig tissues (lung, skeletal muscle, spleen, heart, stomach, large intestine, lymph node, small intestine, liver, brain, kidney and fat) were examined. A total of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in two genes. Three of these SNPs were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction-fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method in Laiwu, Wuzhishan, Guizhou, Bama, Tongcheng, Yorkshire and Landrace pig breeds. Association analysis of genotypes of these SNP loci with economic traits was done in our experimental populations. Significant associations of different genotypes of $RBP5-A/G^{63}$, $RBP5-A/G^{517}$ and $RPB5-T/C^{intron1-90}$ loci with traits including maximum carcass length (LM), minimum carcass length (LN), marbling score (MS), back fat thickness at shoulder (SBF), meat color score (MCS) and hematocrit (HCT) were detected. These SNPs may be useful as genetic markers in genetic improvement for porcine production.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.76-94
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate Acute$\cdot$Subacute Toxicity and Anti-cancer Effect of K-Herbal-acupuncture in mice and rats. Methods : Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with K-herbal-acupuncture for $LD_{50}$ and acute toxicity test. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with K-herbal-acupuncture for subacute toxicity test. K-Herbal-acupuncture was injected on abdomen of mice with S-180 cancer cell line. Result : 1. $LD_{50}$ of K-Herbal-acupuncture was limited $4{\times}10^{-3}$ml/kg~$2{\times}10^{-3}$ml/kg by the test. 2. In acute toxicity test, all of mice were down to the moving reflex, but the weight of mice was increased in treatment group, compared with the normal group. (P<0.05) 3. In acute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of mice, glucose was increased in treatment II group, total cholesterol was increased both treatments.(P<0.05) 4. In subacute toxicity test, the clinical signs of toxication was down to the moving reflex, but it is not severe like acute toxicity test, and observed weight loss at the treatments. 5. In subacute toxicity test, liver weight was decreased compared with the normal group. (P<0.05) 6. In subacute toxicity test of complete blood count test (CBC) of rat, HCT was decreased in treatments, compared with the normal group.(P<0.05) 7. In subacute toxicity test of serum biochemical values of rat, uric acid and triglyceride were decreased, and glucose was increased in treatment groups compared with the control group. (P<0.05) 8. Median survival time was increased about $45\%$ in treatment groups compared with the control group.(P<0.05) 9. Natural killer cell activity was increased in B16F10 lung cancer model, but it was not in sarcoma-180 abdomen cancer. 10. In interleukin-2 productivity test, treatment groups didn't show significant change in lung cancer and abdomen cancer, compared with the normal group.(P<0.005) 11. In making an examination of metastatic cancer with the naked eye, melanoma metastasized in the Lung of C57BL/6 mice. The treated group showed more Melanoma than the control in the numbers and volume. Conclusion : According to the result, K-herbal-acupuncture need further study to know the function and effect in cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.182-182
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• 2003

1.연구목적 : Cr $O_3$은 금속 도금용, 페인트 둥에 많이 사용되며 독성이 강하여 그동안 근로자 건강장해 및 직업병 사례가 많이 발생하였다. 그러나 산화크롬의 흡입에 의한 연구자료는 매우 부족하다. 이에 흡입챔버를 이용 Rats에 흡입노출을 통하여 유해성을 평가하고 각 장기에 흡수되는 크롬의 농도평가와 회복기간에 따라 각 장기별로 흡수된 크롬의 소실속도 둥을 연구하였으며 더불어 회복기간과 제거율의 상관관계 및 체내 반감기 등을 연구하였다. 2. 연구방법 : Cr $O_3$를 폐내 침착율 및 흡수율이 높은 0.5～5$\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기의 aerosol형태로 SD Rats 수컷에 전신폭로 하였다. 노출농도는 0.00, 0.20, 0.50, 1.25mg/㎥(Cr)으로 하여 1일 6시간, 주 5일, 13주간 반복 노출하였고 회복군은 시험물질 종료일을 기준으로 2주, 8주 경과 후 조직장기와 전혈, 혈장 및 적혈구내, 뇨 중 각각의 크롬농도를 분석하였으며 혈액 및 혈액 생화학적 검사도 병행하였다 3. 연구결과 : 혈액검사에서 0.20, 0.50 mg/㎥ 농도군 실험동물의 RBC와 HGB, HCT 둥은 감소의 경향을 보였으나 농도 의존적이지는 않았다. 신장의 절대중량은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 (p<0.05) 감소하고 폐장의 경우는 대조군에 비해 유의한(p<0.05) 절대중량 증가를 보였다 시험물질 노출 후 혈액 중 전혈, 혈장, 적혈구의 회복기간(x)별 크롬농도(y)의 소실속도 상관계수 (노출농도 0.50mg/㎥군의 경우)는 y = 66.51 $e^{0.057}$x/, y = 67.2 $e^{0.101}$x/, y = 70.01 $e^{0.030}$x/, 반감기는 12.0, 6.86, 23.0 일이고 폐장, 간장, 신장의 회복기간(x)별 크롬농도(y)의 소실속도 상관계수 (노출농도 0.50 mg/㎥군의 경우)는 y = 1808 $e^{0.004}$93x/, y = 12.02 $e^{0.029}$7x/, y = 67.61 $e^{0.029}$2x/ 반감기는 140.6, 23.3, 23.7 일로 평가되었다. 4. 고찰 : 실험동물의 전혈, 혈청, 뇨에서의 크롬농도와 시험물질 노출농도는 밀접한 상관을 가졌으나 농도에 정비례하지는 않았다. 뇨 중 흡수된 크롬의 경우 회복기간 초기 (12시간 내)에 대부분 배설이 일어나는 것으로 나타났다. 폐장이 간장, 신장 등 다른 장기에 비해 높은 축적량을 보였으며 축적된 크롬농도가 높을수록 크롬의 소실속도는 현저히 저하하는 경향을 보였다. 노출농도가 높을수록 각 장기조직 내 크롬의 소실속도 (clearance)는 크게 감소경향이 있었으며 이는 체내 과부하시 자정작용이 감소하는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구 결과 SD rat를 이용 반복흡입노출의 경우 생체의 무유해영향농도 (NOAEL)는 0.2mg/㎥이하이며 발암물질을 감안하여 안전계수를 100으로 할 경우 사람에 대한 NOAEL은 0.002mg/㎥이하로 판단되었다. 특히 호흡기와 폐장에 강한 유해성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.242-253
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• 2008

It is a common clinical practice to recommend taking iron supplements for pregnant women during gestation. Although it is required to ensure adequate iron stores during pregnancy, there has been some debate over the interference effects of excessive iron load, because it is possible to compete in the transport in the intestine and placenta and in binding to serum proteins of other trace minerals. In this study, maternal and neonatal serum concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, Cr, Mn, and Co were assessed along with maternal Fe intakes. A total of 124 pregnant women and their term neonates participated voluntarily in this research. The women were divided into one of the three groups {high Fe intake (HFI), median Fe intake (MFI), and low Fe intake (LFI)} by their total Fe intakes and one of the two groups (Anemic and Normal) by their Fe nutritional status. All the data were compared among the three groups and between the two groups also. Total Fe intakes of HFI, MFI, and LFI groups were 140.8 ${\pm}$ 76.1, 68.0 ${\pm}$ 11.2, and 30.2 ${\pm}$ 8.6 mg/day, respectively. Those of Anemic and Normal groups were 90.1 ${\pm}$ 74.8 and 86.6 ${\pm}$ 46.8 mg/day, respectively. Maternal Hb concentration and Hct were not significantly different among HFI, MFI, and LFI groups but those were significantly different between Anemic and Normal groups. However, neonatal Hb concentration was not significantly different among HFI, MFI, and LFI groups and between Anemic and Normal groups either. Maternal serum Fe concentrations of the three groups, HFI, MFI, and LFI, were similar but that of Anemic group was significantly lower compared to Normal group. However, there was no significant difference in neonatal serum Fe concentrations among the three groups and between the two groups either. Serum concentrations of the other trace minerals in both mothers and neonates were not significantly different among HFI, MFI, and LFI groups and between Anemic and Normal groups. In addition, in the maternal serum, Fe concentration was positively correlated to Zn and Se concentration, respectively. As for the neonatal serum, Fe concentration showed a positive correlation to Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, and Co concentration, respectively. No trace mineral concentration was found to correlate negatively to Fe concentration in both maternal and neonatal serum, The results in this study indicate that Fe intakes of pregnant women, even if it is considerably above the level of estimated average requirement (EAR), may not affect serum Fe concentration in both mothers and neonates. In addition it might not influence adversely on the availability of other trace minerals including Zn and Cu in both mothers and neonates.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2020

Hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂) (mean weight 27.3±3.8 g, mean length 11.6±0.7 cm) were exposed to waterborne nitrite at 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600mg L^-1 for 96 hours. The hematocrit and hemoglobin values were significantly decreased by exposure to 100 mg L^-1 and 400 mg L^-1, respectively. In plasma components, no significant change was observed in magnesium. Glucose was significantly increased by 200 and 400 mg L^-1 nitrite but reduced by 800 mg L^-1. Cholesterol was significantly decreased by 400 mg L^-1 nitrite, but there was no significant change in total protein. GPT(glutamic pyruvate transaminase) was significantly increased by exposure to 200 and 400mg L^-1. ALP(Alkaline phosphatase) was significantly increased by 800 mg L^-1. The results of this study indicate that acute exposure to nitrite changes physiological parameters, such as hematological properties and plasma components.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 2014

This study was conducted to examined the effect of dietary supplementation of yellow loess on the growth performance and blood component profiles in pigs. A total of one hundred fifty three pigs (60 one weeks old piglets and 93 adult pigs). Piglets were randomly divided into 3 groups which were control, control + 0.5% yellow loess, control + 1% yellow loess. We measured body weight and weight gain among treatment group. Indeed, we obtained hematological data with WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and PLT in all loess supplemented group compared to the control. Adults were divided into 2 group (control and control + 1% yellow loess) and serum albumin levels in 1% yellow loess supplemented group was significantly higher than the control group (p<0.01). Amount of crude fat in feces was significantly reduced in yellow loess supplemented group (p<0.001), but no differences were observed at crude protein and crude ash in both groups. In carcass weight and back fat thickness, no significant differences were observed between control and yellow loess supplemented groups. The carcass grade was improved by the dietary supplementation of yellow loess compared to the pig fed control. As a results, dietary yellow loess improves nutrient absorption and carcass grade.