• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.814-824
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• 2005

This study analyzed and standardized the harmful substances of organic compounds(dioxins) in disposable diapers for infant's clothing. Commercial samples obtained from Korea, Japan, America and German were determined by HRGC/HRMS. Experimental Methods were consisted of comparision of extracting solvent, analysis of PCDD/Fs, and analysis of PCDD/Fs of extraction in disposable diaper. The results were as follows. No high TEQ values in TCDD(1), PCDD(0.5) and HxCDD(0.1) were found for commercial disposable diapers from country Korea, Japan, U.S.A and German. In extraction for 6hrs experiments, HpCDD and OCDD were detected in disposable diapers of U1, U2 and G2, respectively. In extraction fur 24hrs experiments, HpCDD, OCDD and OCDF were detected in disposable diapers of J3, U1, U2 and U3. So we need to set standards of measurement for harmful materials contained in textile goods. This will make a safe and comfortable clothing environment for all users, regardless of age.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 1997

A late-comer in the marine affairs, development of ways for efficient access and utilization of information on marine environmental conservation and pollution prevention is important. The properties and removal methods of toxic chemicals have been entered into the database for 1,000 substances. The database of toxic chemicals for pollution and spills has also been fortified for the following terms: general characteristics, health hazard and response, fire hazard and response, chemical reactivity, physico-chemical properties, and other properties. The information and data running in this database are easily accessible via Internet and Korean telecommunications companies; it is also available KRISTAL databases.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.141-160
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• 2021

Unit 1 of the Kori Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) and Unit 1 of the Wolsong NPP are being prepared for decommissioning; their decommissioning is expected to generate large amounts of intermediate-level, low-level, and very low level Waste. Mixed waste containing both radioactive and hazardous substances is expected to be produced. Nevertheless, laws and regulations, such as the Korean Nuclear Safety Act and Waste Management Act, do not define clear regulatory guidelines for mixed waste. However, the United States has strictly enforced regulations on mixed waste, focusing on the human health and environmental effects of its hazardous components. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U.S. Department of Energy regulate the radioactive components of mixed waste under the Atomic Energy Act. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates the hazardous waste component of mixed waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. In this study, the laws, regulations, and authorities pertaining to mixed waste in the United States are reviewed. Through comparison and analysis with waste management laws and regulations in Korea, a treatment direction for mixed waste is suggested. Such a treatment for mixed waste will increase the efficiency of managing mixed waste when decommissioning NPPs in the near future.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2023

The significance of gas sensors has been emphasized in various industries and applications, owing to the growing significance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) management in corporate operations. In particular, the monitoring of hazardous gas leakages and detection of fugitive emissions have recently garnered significant attention across several industrial sectors. As industrial workplaces evolve to ensure the safety of their working environments and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the demand for high-performance gas sensors in industrial sectors dealing with toxic substances is on the rise. However, conventional gas-sensing systems have limitations in monitoring fugitive gas leakages at both critical and subcritical concentrations in complex environments. To overcome these difficulties, recent studies in the field of gas sensors have employed techniques such as mobile robotic olfaction, remote optical sensing, chemical grid sensing, and remote acoustic sensing. This review highlights the significant progress made in various technologies that have enabled accurate and real-time mapping of gas distribution and localization of hazardous gas sources. These recent advancements in gas-sensing technology have shed light on the future role of gas-detection systems in industrial safety.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.44-47
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• 2017

Isothiazolinone derivatives are widely used in consumer products as disinfectants or preservatives, but there are growing concerns about their impact on human health. Therefore, rapid screening of these biocides is very important for proper control and regulation of potentially hazardous substances. To this end, low-temperature plasma (LTP) ionization mass spectrometry (MS) was investigated to demonstrate its potential for direct and selective analysis of isothiazolinones from sprayed aerosol samples. Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) was clearly identified from a commercial fabric deodorant using LTP ionization MS and MS/MS. LTP allowed selective ionization of BIT directly from the simply sprayed aerosol sample and illustrated its potential for fast screening without sample pre-treatments. Selective nature of LTP ionization, on the other hands, implicates use of LTP ionization MS as a general screening method for specific groups of hazardous chemicals in commercial products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.362-367
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• 2006

Waste activated sludge(WAS) collected from domestic wastewater treatment plant is biomass that contains large quantities of organic matter. However, relevant literature show that the bio-hydrogen yield using WAS was too low. In this study, the effect of pretreatment of WAS on hydrogen yield was investigated. Pretreatment includes acid and alkali treatments, grinding, heating, ozone and ultrasound methods. After pretreatment organic matters of WAS were solubilized and soluble chemical oxygen demand(SCOD) was increased by 14.6 times. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of pre-treatment methods and buffer solution, hydrogen partial pressure, and sodium ion on hydrogen production from WAS by using heated anaerobic mixed cultures. Experimental results showed that addition of buffer solution, efficient pre-treatment method with alkali solution, and gas sparging condition markedly increased the hydrogen yield to 0.52 mmol $H_2/g$-DS.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.395-400
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• 2011

This study has been carried out in order to effectively manage three groups of unregulated hazardous organic substances (PCDD/DFs, PAHs, PCBs) in South Korea. The investigated substances have been analyzed according to the test methods for hazardous substances in specified wastes provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research, Korea. Total contents of the organic compounds have been determined for hazardous wastes from three major industrial categories (paint, iron removal, steelmaking), such as waste organic solvent, waste paint or dust. By investigating the waste samples for 7 PAHs using GC/MSD, Naphthalene has been detected (N.D~1631.33 mg/kg). The highest Naphthalene concentration, which exceeded the korean marine dumping waste standard, was found in waste organic solvents and waste paints. Although a content analysis of 7 PCB isomers has been conducted, none of these compounds was detected. The analysis of PCDD/DFs has revealed that all samples meet the criterion for low POP content defined in the technical guidelines developed under the Basel Convention. The PCDD/DFs content in dust samples deriving from 10 manufacturing processes (billet, bloom) was determined to be in the range of N.D~5.66 ng I-TEQ/g waste.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.30
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• pp.4.1-4.11
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• 2015

Objectives: This survey was designed to conduct the first nationwide dietary exposure assessment on hazardous substances including the intakes of functional food and herbal medicine. In this paper, we introduced the survey design and the results of the dietary exposure status and internal exposure levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). Methods: We selected 4867 subjects of all ages throughout Korea. We conducted a food survey, dietary survey, biomonitoring, and health survey. Results: Pb and Cd were the highest (median value) in the seaweed ($94.2{\mu}g/kg$ for Pb; $594{\mu}g/kg$ for Cd), and Hg was the highest in the fish ($46.4{\mu}g/kg$). The dietary exposure level (median value) of Pb was $0.14{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (bw)/d, $0.18{\mu}g/kg$ bw/d for Cd, and $0.07{\mu}g/kg$ bw/d for Hg. Those with a blood Pb level of less than $5.00{\mu}g/dL$ (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reference value for those 1 to 5 years of age) were 99.0% of all the subjects. Those with a blood Cd level with less than $0.30{\mu}g/L$ (German Federal Environmental Agency, reference value for non-smoking children) were 24.5%. For those with a blood Hg level with less than $5.00{\mu}g/L$ (human biomonitoring I, references value for children and adults, German Federal Environmental Agency) was 81.0 % of all the subjects. Conclusions: The main dietary exposure of heavy metals occurs through food consumed in a large quantity and high frequency. The blood Hg level and dietary exposure level of Hg were both higher than those in the European Union.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.235-239
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• 2012

This research was conducted to monitor ochratoxin A in wine, beer, $makgeolli$ and fermented alcoholic beverages to estimate the exposure to ochratoxin A in the assorted alcoholic beverages. The analytical method for ochratoxin A was based on immuno-affinity column clean up followed by HPLC-FLD. Ochratoxin A was detected in 30 samples of 177 wine (17%), 25 samples of 106 beer (23.6%), 11 samples of 74 $makgeolli$ (14.9%), and 7 samples of 74 fermented alcoholic beverages (9.5%). The average levels of ochratoxin A were 0.039 ng/mL in wine, 0.010 ng/mL in beer, 0.023 ng/mL in $makgeolli$, and 0.014 ng/mL in fermented alcoholic beverages. The daily dietary exposure level of ochratoxin A estimated by using the report on national health and nutrition survey were 0.039 ng/b.w.day from wine, 0.010 ng/b.w.day from beer, 0.023 ng/b.w.day from $makgeolli$, and 0.014 ng/b.w.day from fermented alcoholic beverage.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2011

Although the dissolution test can serve as an effective tool for quality control and predictor of in vivo performance, there are a number of drugs with no established dissolution specifications in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex (KPC). Among those commercially available, Piracetam Tablets and Fenoterol hydrobromide Tablets were selected to develop the dissolution testing method. The dissolution condition was determined based on the "Guidelines on Specifications of Dissolution tests for Oral dosage forms" of Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA). The dissolution test for Piracetam Tablets was carried out under sink condition with distilled water as dissolution medium, paddle rotation speed at 50 rpm and medium volume of 900 ml. More than 80% of its label claim was released within 30 min. In case of Fenoterol hydrobromide Tablets, distilled water was also found to be suitable to ensure sink condition. The rotation speed of 50 rpm and 900 ml of dissolution medium were used to evaluate the dissolution profile. The dissolution rate of fenoterol hydrobromide was over 90% in 15 min. The HPLC analysis methods were validated in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity, quantitation limit and range. The results suggested that the analytical methods used are simple and suitable to measure the dissolution rate of piracetam and fenoterol hydrobromide. Therefore, the analysis methods could be utilized in setting dissolution specifications of Piracetam Tablets and Fenoterol hydrobromide Tablets in the revised version of KPC.