• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.70-75
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• 2008

Recently, there are so many studies related safety of railway vehicle. But these studies are focused on the passenger car, metro system and high speed train. However, the leakage of hazardous materials may contaminate the environment and cause terrible damage to the ecology, even the human and properties. And so, Safety and security have been already established in many countries, currently they are investing lots of money on the development of technology to prevent accidents. Therefore it is necessary to make a systematic plan and develop safety specifications. In this study, we compared between domestic and international general oil tank car safety regulations for the hazardous materials, and prepare the basic for the making of systematic safety plans and safety regulations for the transport of hazardous materials by tank car.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.3547-3552
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• 2014

Laser Raman spectroscopy is one of the most powerful technologies for standoff detection of hazardous materials including explosives. Supported by recent development of laser and sensitive ICCD camera, the technology can identify trace amount of unknown substances in a distance. Using this concept, we built a standoff detection system, in which nanosecond pulse laser and nanosecond gating ICCD technique were delicately devised to avoid the large background noise which suppressed weak Raman signals from the target sample. In standoff detection of explosives which have large kill radius, one of the most important technical issues is the detection distance from the target. Hence, we focused to increase the detection distance up to 54 m by careful optimization of optics and laser settings. The Raman spectra of hazardous materials observed at the distance of 54 m were fully identifiable. We succeeded to detect and identify eleven hazardous materials of liquid or solid particles, which were either explosives or chemical substances used frequently in chemical plants. We also performed experiments to establish the limit of detection (LOD) of HMX at 10 m, which was estimated to be 6 mg.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-77
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• 2003

Theoretical estimation of overall stoichiometry for the microbial degradation of hazardous organic compounds is described. Half-reaction method based on microbial energetics was used in the theoretical estimation. In addition to the half-reaction method, other theoretical methods such as intermediate formation, oxygenation reaction, and estimation of the standard free energy of formation by group contribution theory were also applied. As a case study, the application of these methods was demonstrated for the estimation of microbial kinetics in the biodegradation of phenanthrene which was chosen as a model hazardous organic compound along with glucose and hexadecane. The cell yield, oxygen requirement, nitrogen requirement, and mineralization ratio could be estimated from the overall stoichiometry. It is believed that these theoretical estimation methods are useful tools for practical design and assessment of bioremediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with hazardous organic compounds.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2010

In this study, we have developed the database of safety and health information for pesticide active ingredients used in Korea. There were 1,283 pesticide items among which 296 were found to be out of use in current. A total of 349 pesticide ingredients were being used in Korea. The database consists of 32 types of information including chemical characteristics, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity (carcinogenic and reproductive toxicity), specific symptoms by exposure route and first aid. When pesticide ingredients were assessed in terms of key properties such as color, odor, acute toxicity, carcinogenic and reproductive toxicity, they were white, colorless and odorless, in general. When ingredients were classified by category of acute toxicity, 'Non-hazardous' represented 29%, followed by 'Slightly hazardous' at 16%, 'Moderately hazardous' at 14%, 'Highly hazardous' at 5%, and 'Extremely hazardous' at 2%. 85 out of 349, or 24% of ingredients were found to be possibly carcinogenic to human. This database is expected to provide an easy access for farmers, agriculture supervisors, researchers and consumers, and it can ultimately be used as basic data on farmer's safety and health.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Milk and dairy products are nutritionally one of the most important food in human health and the quality of raw milk is significantly important to ensure safety of dairy products. However, milk and dairy products are commonly related with chemical and microbial contaminations. Therefore, rapid and reliable detection of hazardous (e.g. pathogenic bacteria, pesticides, antibiotics, microbial toxins) in milk and dairy products is essential to ensure human health and food safety. Conventional methods for detection of food hazardous are mostly time-consuming to yield a results. Recently, biosensors have been focused as its rapidity and high sensitivity to analyse chemical and microbial hazardous from a variety of foods and environments. This study reviewed the recent trends and applications of biosensors as rapid detection method of hazardous in milk and dairy products.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examines exposure to hazardous substances in the working environment caused by exposure to toxic substances produced in the aluminum die casting process in the automobile manufacturing industry. Materials and Methods: The exposure concentration levels, detection rates and time-trend of 15 hazardous factors in the aluminum die casting process over 10 years(from 2006 to 2016) were used as a database. Results: The study found that hazardous factors in the aluminum die casting process were mostly metals. The rate for detected samples was 70.6%(405 samples), and that for not detected samples was 29.4%. The noise for an eight-hour work shift showed a 49.7% exceedance rate for TLV-TWA. Average noise exposure was 89.0 dB. The maximum exposure level was 105.1 dB. Conclusion: The high numbers of no-detection rates for hazardous substance exposure shows that there is no need to do a work environment measurement. Therefore, alternatives are necessary for improving the efficiency and reliability of the work environment measurement. Moreover, to prevent noise damage, reducing noise sources from automation, shielding, or sound absorbents are necessary.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.405-411
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• 1994

Hazardous wastes released into the general environment are of concern to the public and to public health authorities. In response to this concern, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended (commonly called Superfund), was enacted in 1980 to provide a framework for environmental, public health, and legal actions concerning uncontrolled releases of hazardous substances. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) was created by Superfund to address the public health issues of hazardous wastes in the community environment. Two key Agency programs, Public Health Assessments and Toxicological Profiles, are designed to assess the risk to human health of exposures to hazardous substances that migrate from waste sites or through emergency releases (e.g., chemical spills). The Agency's public health assessment is a structured process that permits ATSDR to identify which waste sites or other point sources require traditional public health actions (e.g.. human exposure studies, health studies, registries, health surveillance, health advisories). The ATSDR qualitative public health assessment complements the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's quantitative risk assessment. For Superfund purposes, both assessments are sitespecific. ATSDR's toxicological profiles are prepared for priority hazardous substances found most frequently at Superfund sites. Each profile presents the current toxicologic and human health effects information about the substance being profiled. Each profile also contains Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs), a type of risk assessment value. This paper covers ATSDR's experience in conducting public health assessments and developing MRLs, and it relates this experience to recommendations on how to improve chemical risk assessments.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.734-740
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• 2023

Hydrogen emphasis on safety management due to its high potential for accidents from wide explosive limits and low ignition energy. To prevent accidents, appropriate explosion-proof electrical equipment with installed to safe management of ignition sources. However, designing all facilities with explosion-proof structures can significantly increase costs and impose limitations. In this study, we optimize the barrier to effectively control the initial momentum in case of hydrogen release and form the control room as a non-hazardous area. We employed response surface method (RSM), the barrier distance, width and height of the barrier were set as variables. The Box-Behnken design method the selection of 15 cases, and FLACS assessed the presence of hazardous area. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis resulting in an optimized barrier area. Through this methodology, the workplace can optimize the barrier according to the actual workplace conditions and classify reasonable hazardous area, which is believed to secure safety in hydrogen facilities and minimize economic burden.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.229-230
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.129-130
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• 2005