• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.853-862
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• 2010

This study was conducted as a nationwide project in order to obtain data on the content and intake of sodium in school meals. For this purpose, we selected two elementary and two middle schools in Daejeon as well as four elementary schools in the Chungcheong area. We measured the sodium and potassium contents of 842 dishes as well as their intake levels over 154 days. Sodium content was analyzed using an AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometer). The average meal intakes of second and fifth grade elementary school students were 244 g/meal and 304 g/meal, respectively. The meal intake of middle school students was 401 g/meal. Boys tended to eat slightly more than did girls, and students tended to eat more in the spring than in the summer. The average sodium intake per meal was 642 mg (570 mg by elementary school students, 1068 mg by middle school students), which was 32.1% of the UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level, 2,000 mg per day) according to the KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans). The sodium intake per meal was not significantly differ between boys and girls or between spring and summer (p>0.05). This study provides fundamental data that can be used to establishment a nutrition policy concerning the adequate content of sodium in school meals.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.348-353
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• 2010

The dissolution test method and an analytical procedure by HPLC were developed and validated for viquidil hydrochloride capsules and alibendol tablets. These drugs were not yet characterized by the dissolution specifications in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex. So, with each reference and test drugs, we did the preliminary and standard experiments based on the Korean Pharmacopeia Guideline of dissolution testing for solid oral dosage forms. The dissolution test for viquidil hydrochloride capsules was carried out under sink conditions as follows: dissolution medium water, paddle rotation speed 50 rpm and vessel volume 900 ml. More than 90% of its label amount was released within 30 min in this method. Also the dissolution test for alibendol tablets was carried out under sink conditions as follows: dissolution medium water, paddle rotation speed 100 rpm and vessel volume 900 ml. More than 90% of its label amount was released within 45 min in this method. The dissolution samples were analyzed with a precise and accurate HPLC method. The developed dissolution test showed specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy within the acceptable range. The dissolution testing method described above was adequate for the purpose and may be proposed as a pharmacopeial standard to assess the performance of viquidil hydrochloride capsules and alibendol tablets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.281-291
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• 1996

458 female workers working in the small and medium scaled industries in Inchon area were surveyed to study their general characteristics, health behavior, working and environmental conditions, awareness of exposure at hazardous materials, current health status, and degree of working satisfaction. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the female workers with the explanation by trained interviewer on the purpose of survey and the method how to answer. The results were as follows : (1) 75.5% of the respondents are living with their families and others are living in domitary or rent house for herself. Age distribution ranges from teenagers to warren in their forties. In marital status 69.0% of workers are single and 31.0% of them have ever married. 69.4% of workers are high school graduate. The size of factory is 48.3% with less than 300 workers, 42.1% with 300~500 workers. (2) Most of the workers(86.7%) are full time workers, 52% of the respondents have working experiences in other factories. More than 65% have fewer than 5 years working experience. (3) The awareness of exposure at noise was 33% of respondents, it was significantly different by skilled status. The awareness of exposure at dust, other hazardous material was each 13.3%, 12.4% of respondents. (4) 26% of them are unsatisfied with their working cognitions and 43.7% of them are unsatisfied with their welfare in occupational system unsatisfactory rate of promotion is higher in the unmarried workers(45.6%), skilled workers(47.2%), full time workers(47.4%), long term workers(50%), and awareness group of exposure hazardous material(51.3%), compared to married women workers, unskilled workers, part-time workers, short term workers and unawareness group of exposure at hazardous materials. (5) The index of working satisfaction is rated on a scale of 1 to 10 with the higher point indicating higher satisfaction. Among the selected variables, marital status, working status, the awareness of exposure at hazardous materials, were statistically significant with the index of working satisfaction. (6) By multiple regression analysis showed that the determinant factors of index of working condition were health index, the awareness of exposure at dust, the awareness of exposure other hazardous materials, marital status and working period. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between the awareness of exposure at hazardous material the index of working satisfaction. Therefore if the workers are less exposed to the hazardous material and are educated properly they will be more satisfied with their work thus improving their health and productivity. Finally, with the result of this study, there is a great need for the development of a health promotion program and a welfare policy for small-scale factories.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 2014

Penicillin and its salts, including the benzatine, procaine, and sodium salts, have been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Owing to their low toxicity, they currently form the most important group of antibiotics. However, overdose and abuse of these antibiotics may lead to potential risk in human health. Therefore, this study was conducted to validate the analysis method established by the Korea Food Code in 2012 and to monitor the levels of benzylpenicillin residues in products with reference to the maximum residue level (MRL). Of the 232 product samples tested, benzylpenicillin was detected in 11 livestock products and 2 marine products. Benzylpenicillin concentrations were found to be lower than the MRL in 12 products; however, the concentration of benzylpenicillin was found to be greater than the MRL in 1 pork product. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for benzylpenicillin was found to be 0.001-0.002 mg/kg, with an average recovery of 90.4-115.3%. Calibrations showed good linearity of 0.995 over a range of 0.002-0.05 mg/kg.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.176-185
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to identify school dieticians' perceptions on the Potentially Hazardous Food (PHF) and the inspection of food safety and sanitation conducted by Provincial Office of Education. Questionnaires were distributed to 400 school dieticians in elementary schools in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and 217 responses were collected. The majority of respondents (64%) defined PHF as food that easily decays at room temperature and over half of the respondents considered Korean cooked vegetables as a PHF. In addition, 4% of respondents completely excluded PHFs from their menus. Forty five percent of the respondents selected CCP rule 7 (delivery and distribution process) and 34% selected CCP rule 6 as the most difficult of the CCP rules to follow. Also, perceptions concerning food safety inspection and sanitation were not high in terms of validity, objectivity, and reliability among the evaluation criteria. The study results suggest that PHF as well as Potentially Hazardous Menu (PHM) definitions and guidelines should be re-established in consideration of traditional Korean food culture and the preparation of Korean foods.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2017

Chemicals are convenient for humans but the damage caused by hazardous chemicals can be widespread if they are not managed properly. The Chemical Substance Management Act strengthened the management of hazardous chemicals and the management of handling facilities. On the other hand, an analysis of chemical accidents occurring in the past 4 years showed that chemical accidents occurring at the handling facilities are increasing, and additional preventive measures are needed. In this study, to prevent chemical accidents of hazardous chemicals, the causes and problems of accidents were analyzed through the case study of chemical accidents and measures for improvement are proposed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2001

Objectives : To investigate the prevalence of hazardous and harmful alcohol use, which are a subthreshold of alcohol related disorders, Methods : Direct-interview questionnaires to 1,183 rural persons (489 male, 694 female) were conducted in Chungju-city from July 2 to 20, 1998. As a screening instrument, the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) was used. Results : The prevalence of alcohol use was 41.7%. In males, it was 66.3% and in females, it was 24.4%. The mean of the AUDIT score of males and females was 13.2 and 5.6, respectively. As WHO guideline, the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use in males and females was 80.3% and 20.7%, respectively. This suggests that the prevalence of 'hazardous drinking' and 'harmful drinking' was 45.4% and 29.3% for males and 1.2% and 2.4% for females, respectively. Conclusions : This study presented the prevalence of hazardous and harmful drinking of a rural population in Korea and reviewed those health problems. Further evaluation to detect and treat lower alcoholic drinkers is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.66-73
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the recognition and performance rates about the safety rules on hazardous drugs among the selected pharmacists. The 160 pharmacists working in 4 general hospitals and in the other 4 institutions specialized in the oncology division were surveyed through mail. Among the 137 respondents to the survey (response rate 85.6%), 111 pharmacists (81%) had recognized the terms of 'hazardous drugs'. In categories of vaccines and hormones, the degrees of the recognition rate were much lower than the cytotoxic medications. It was surveyed that the degree of recognition and performance of safety rules on injectable drugs were higher than the disposal and noninjectable medications. The higher recognition rate of the safety rules made the higher degree of performance. These results were expected to provide the incentive for guidelines on handling hazardous drugs based on Korean healthcare system.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.84-90
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• 2006

In the field of agriculture, FT-NIR mainly has been used in qualitative management of produces without sample preparation with a data set built from a quantitative value of sample components confirmed by another analytical instrument. On the other hand, inert materials of crop protection products nearly haven't examined instrumental analysis because of analytical problems of high-molecular inert materials and a variety of formulation type. This study, results make it possible to solve an analytical problems of crop protection products using FT-NIR chemometrics technique from spectrum calculator module.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) are difficult to measure, analyze and assess for risk because of low ambient concentrations and varieties. Types of HAPs are Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) and Aldehydes. HAP emissions from vehicles are a contributor to serious adverse health effects in urban areas. In this study, hazardous air pollutant emissions from road transport vehicles by Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) weight fraction and PAHs emission factors are estimated in 2008. The top-five-most hazardous air pollutant emissions were estimated to toluene 864.3 ton/yr, acrolein 690.6 ton/yr, acetaldehyde 554.5 ton/yr, formaldehyde 498.7 ton/yr, propionaldehyde 421.6 ton/yr in 2008. The results for a cancer and non-cancer risk assessment of HAPs emissions show that the major cancer driver is formaldehyde and the non-cancer driver is acrolein.