• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2012

Background: Although the aortic valve-sparing procedure has gained popularity in recent years, it still remains challenging in patients with advanced aortic regurgitation (AR). We compared the long-term outcomes of the aortic valve-sparing procedure with the Bentall operation in patients with advanced aortic regurgitation secondary to aortic root dilatation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 120 patients who underwent surgery for aortic root dilatation with moderate to severe AR between January 1999 and June 2009 was performed. Forty-eight patients underwent valve-sparing procedures (valve-sparing group), and 72 patients underwent the Bentall procedure (Bentall group). The two groups' overall survival, valve-related complications, and aortic valve function were compared. Results: The mean follow-up duration was $4.9{\pm}3.1$ years. After adjustment, the valve-sparing group had similar risks of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; p=0.45), and valve related complications (HR, 1.27; p=0.66). However, a significant number of patients developed moderate to severe AR in the valve-sparing group at a mean of $4.4{\pm}2.5$ years of echocardiographic follow-up (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both the Bentall operation and aortic valve-sparing procedure showed comparable long-term clinical results in patients with advanced aortic regurgitation with aortic root dilatation. However, recurrent advanced aortic regurgitation was more frequently observed following valve-sparing procedures.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.3 s.99
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• pp.378-387
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the application of HACCP for a prepared side dish of sweet potato stems, within a free meal service system for the elderly in the Sungnam area. Total bacterial counts (TBC) and levels of coliforms and Esherichia coli (E.coli) were analyzed through an eight step cooking process. The TBCs of the raw samples ranged between 3.30 and 1.37${\times}10^4$ CFU/g per 100 cm$^2$ The trimmed, blanched, and drained sweet potato stems showed a mean TBC value of 1.37${\times}10^4$ CFU/g, and the level of coliforms was 1.48${\times}10^3$ CFU/g. Among the eight samples, however, after stir-frying and serving, the TBC decreased to a standard satisfactory level, and a coliforms and E. coli were not found. A five step process was used and samples were taken to check the microbial quality of the cook and cooking equipment. Here we tested for TBC, coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Salmonella. Specifically, the TBC and number of coliforms were examined on the cook's hand's, cutting board, and knife, as they represented hazards for cross-contamination. The three inspection steps of preparation of the trimmed, rinsed, blanched, and drained sweet potato stems, cook's' hands, cutting board and knife were all considered CCPs, and a manual of cooking process management was established to improve the risk factors in this study. In conclusion, this study reinforces that microbiological analysis is as a valuable tool for checking what points and stages of the cooking process must be controlled.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

Under the situation that the seismic vulnerability are a worsening problem in many world's megacities, the disaster preparedness including earthquake hazards is a matter of primary concern in the capital city of Korea, Seoul. Especially, because it is hard to move or dismantle the architectural heritages, the mitigation of earthquake damages is potentially more difficult than other structures. Moreover, in order to decide the proper preparedness plan against future earthquakes, it is very important to understand how soils pass the seismic waves to architectural heritages. In this paper, therefore, the ground condition and depth of bedrock was investigated by the MASW-method at heritages located in Seoul. Then one-dimensional seismic response analysis was conducted based on the distribution of shear wave velocity. As the major result of analyses, peak acceleration, site amplification factor and natural period are proposed in each site for recurrence period.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8861-8869
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• 2014

Background: The prognostic value of Bcl-2 protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is under debate. We therefore systematically reviewed the evidence for Bcl-2 protein effects on NSCLC survival to elucidate this issue. Materials and Methods: An electronic search in Pubmed and Embase complemented by manual searches in article references were conducted to identify eligible studies to evaluate the association between Bcl-2 protein expression and overall survival (OS) as well as disease free survival (DFS) of NSCLC patients. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were pooled using the random-effects model. Results: A total of 50 trials (including 52 cohorts) encompassing 7,765 patients were pooled in the meta-analysis regarding Bcl-2 expression and OS of NSCLC patients. High expression of Bcl-2 protein had a favorable impact (HR=0.76, 95%CI=0.67-0.86). In the group of Bcl-2 expression and DFS, 11 studies including 2,634 patients were included. The synthesized result indicated high expression of Bcl-2 protein might predict good DFS (HR=0.85, 95%CI=0.75-0.95). Conclusions: Our present meta-analysis demonstrated favorable prognostic values of Bcl-2 expression in patients with NSCLC. Further prospective trails are welcomed to validate the utility of assessing Bcl-2 in NSCLC patient management.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.385-393
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed th Cheonggyecheon watershed for urban flood risk index. SWMM model configuration based on each watershed data. And it was set as the final index calculated indicators related to the humanities, social and environmental. Each indicator was standardized and weighted using the Delphi method. Finally, select the danger area through urban flood risk index. Determined 12 indices according to the hazard and vulnerability. Vulnerability is selected the index divided by three factors. 21 watersheds were analyzed through urban flood risk index. The top of three areas of index is Jeongneung 1, Majang, Pil-dong, each index is 0.533, 0.494, 0.381. The lowest index is soongin 0.216. Urban flood risk index developed in this study can be applied to other regions in Korea for establishing national water resources management plan.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.533-540
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• 2016

This study assessed the risk of an oyster-shucking site to establish the hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) system model by measuring viable cell counts, coliform group Staphylococcus aureus foreign material on oysters, oyster-producing equipment, and washing water. The viable cell count and coliform group levels of the harvested raw oysters were 4.00 log CFU/g and 1.1×10² MPN/100 g, while those of washed oysters were 2.99 log CFU/g and (3.2−4.6) × 10 MPN/100 g, respectively. After washing the oysters, no Escherichia coli or pathogenic bacteria (E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, S. aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Clostridium perfringens) were detected. Regardless of the location of foreign matter, up to 100% more metallic and non-metallic foreign matter was detected at 1.5 mmΦ than at 3.5 mmΦ, using a metal detector with increased sensitivity. According to the results, the critical control points (CCP) are the washing and metal-detection processes. These results can be used as basic data to improve sanitation at oyster-shucking sites in factories with an HACCP system.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.541-555
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• 2016

This study determined the concentrations of lead and cadmium in 18 species of commonly consumed fish and assessed the risk based on provisional tolerable weekly (monthly) intakes [PTW(M)I] % as affected by behavioral characteristics, such as migration and settlement. In the 18 species, the mean concentrations of lead and cadmium were higher in the 11 species of migratory fish (llargehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus, chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, Pacific saury Cololabis saira, skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis, Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, anchovy Engraulis japonicus, Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramm, brown croaker Miichthys miiuy, Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis, and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii) than in the seven demersal species (red stingray Dasyatis akajei, brown sole Pleuronectes herzensteini, bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus, conger eel Conger myriaster, blackmouth angler Lophiomus setigerus, rockfish Sebastes schlegelii, and filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer). Based on the mean concentrations, the PTWI % of lead and cadmium in commonly consumed migratory fish were 1.900 and 2.986%, respectively, which were higher than the values for lead and cadmium in the commonly consumed demersal fishes (0.257 and 0.318%, respectively). The estimation of weekly (monthly) intakes and target hazard quotients for the toxic elements lead and cadmium revealed that the commonly consumed migratory and demersal fish do not pose any health risks for consumers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.166-178
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• 2012

In order to simulate storm surge for the west coast, complex physics of asymmetrical typhoon wind vortex, tide and wave are simultaneously incorporated on a fine finite element mesh extended to the North Western Pacific sea. Asymmetrical vortex based on maximum wind radii for each quadrant by JTWC's best tracks are input in pADCIRC and wave stress is accounted by dynamic coupling with unSWAN. Computations performed on parallel clusters. In hindcasting simulation of typhoon Kompasu(1007), model results of wave characteristic are very close with the observed data at Ieo island, and sea surface records at major tidal stations are reproduced with satisfaction when typhoon is approaching to the coast. It is obvious that increasing of local storm surges can be found by introducing asymmetrical vortex. Thus this approach can be satisfactorily applied in coastal hazard management against to storm surge inundation on low level area and major harbor facilities.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

This Study analyzed heavy snow properties according to the area that was based by winter weather properties and the damage data by the heavy snow among each local government of Chungcheongbuk-do. The result of analysis, Jecheon-si and Boeun-gun are represented the highest dangerous regions by potential degree of risk by average amount of snowfall for 35 years. But, the potential degree of risk by maximum amount of snowfall for 35 years is different with it. Cheongju-si and Youngdong-gun, Goesan-gun, Boeun-gun are represented the highest dangerous regions. Examining the frequency of regions with potential danger factors according to the characteristics of heavy snowfall, Boeun-gun and Jecheon-si, Goesan-gun, Youngdong-gun, Cheongju-si is derived the highest dangerous regions in Chungcheongbuk-do.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.428-431
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• 2009

Purpose: Blow out fracture resulting from facial trauma is of high frequency among facial bone fractures, and can cause severe complications. So, proper management and close observation after operation are needed. So far, Computed tomography has been the best choice in the evalution following orbit wall reconstruction. However, cost - effectiveness, accessibility to patients and hazard of radiation exposure of computed tomography require supplementary measure for the evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction. This study was performed to describe the effectiveness of ultrasonography in the evalution following orbit wall reconstruction. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 40 patients who underwent orbit wall reconstruction from June, 2008 to July, 2008. The patients' ages ranged from 13 to 65 years (mean 27.5 years), and this group was compsoed of 27 male and 13 female patients. The follow up period ranged from 2 weeks to 28 weeks (mean 11weeks). Preoperatively, all fractures were diagnosed using computed tomography. Ultrasonography for all cases, and computed tomography for 2 cases were performed for evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction. Results: Reduction of herniated orbital soft tissue and orbit implant was identified by using ultrasonography in 38 cases out of 40 cases. In other cases which we could not identify the orbit implant, computed tomography was performed. Con clusion: Compared to computed tomography, ultrasonography is simple, inexpensive and convenient method. Ultrasonography can be used as supplementary measure to computed tomography in the evaluation following orbit wall reconstruction for elective patients.