• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

Heavy rains and typhoons are the most critical meteorological disaster occurred in the Korean peninsular. Due to the global warming, the magnitude of heavy rains and typhoons is becoming heavier resulting in more damage annually. Therefore, it is required to establish a mitigation plan to reduce the damage from meteorological disasters. To do so, in general, it is better to establish a mitigation plan for each district considering the characteristics of a district than a single mitigation plan for the entire districts without considering the characteristics of an individual district. In this study, we provide fundamental data for establishing a mitigation plan from analysis considering the frequency and damage in monetary value by heavy rain and typhoon with the geological and social characteristics of districts. The annual damage reports published by the National Emergency Management Agency, dated from 1994 to 2003, are used for the analysis. The districts are classified into six categories by the geological and social characteristics. Also, the frequency and damage in monetary value are assessed for each district. Based on them, the damage degree by heavy rain and typhoon from 1st to 4th is assigned to each district. The assigned damage degree is, then, analyzed with geological and social characteristics of each district to show the status of damage by meteorological disasters on the district.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2016

Disasters that occur most frequently in rural areas are drought, flood, damages from wind and cold weather. Among these, damages from storm and flood and drought are the main disasters and recently, these are occurring on a large scale due to unusual weather conditions. Under such circumstances, projects and researches on disasters in rural areas are under way but they are mostly targeting one area or making approaches focusing on repair facilities, maintenance project of facilities in small streams, and disaster management, so there have not been enough studies on the current status of overall damaged facilities in the rural areas. Against this backdrop, through the analysis of the current status of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, this study aims to provide base data for policies needed for disaster recovery planning and maintenance work of rural areas. For the analysis of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, using the annual report on disasters issued by Ministry of Public Safety and Security and based on the occurrence rate of estimated damage in each city and district for the past 10 years(2004~2013), 8 areas with the highest number of occurrence and cost of damage were found from each province and target areas were selected. Then, regarding the selected target areas, the General Plan for Reducing Damages from Storm and Flood, which is the report on top-level plan for preventing disasters, was secured and the current status of damaged facilities were analyzed. After organizing the analysis of current status, the tendency of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, the items of damaged facilities depending on the types of storm and flood damages, and risk factors were suggested. Based on this result, in order to generalize the results of follow-up researches, it is thought that disaster recovery planning and establishing the system of remodeling items necessary for maintenance work would be possible by analyzing damage investigation items recorded in additional researches on rural areas, researches on natural disasters, and recovery plan instructions and by conducting on-site investigation on the damaged villages from storm and flood in rural areas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.3 s.27
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• pp.355-367
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• 1989

This study examined the physical and mental health factors affecting the industrial accidents of 142 injured and 1,212 uninjured workers in the shipbuilding industry from 1986 to 1988. The results acquired from the Todai Health Index (THI) and from analysis of the health examination were as follows: 1. Among the personal characteristics of the workers, the educational level of injured workers was significantly lower than that of the uninjured workers. 2. Among the physical characteristics, vision and $R\ddot{o}hrer$ Index of the injured workers were lower than those of the uninjured workers, and the difference was statistically significant. On the other hand, the differences in height, weight, hearing function, hematocrit, blood pressure, urine test, and X-ray findings were not statistically significant between the injured and uninjured workers. 3. The score of the THI questionnaire on the physical and mental health of the injured workers was higher than that of the uninjured workers, and the difference was statistically significant. 4. Form the THI score, the industrial workers had complained more about mental health than physical health and there was a statistically singinficant relation with the industrial accidents. 5. The relative risk expressed in terms of the odds ratio was 2.9 for poorer vision, 2.7 for a lower educational level, 2.2 for a higher THI score and 1.6 for overdrinking. 6 Educational level, vision, and the THI score were selected as significant factors influencing industrial accidents based on a log-linear model. According to the results of this model by logistic analysis, the odds ratio of industrial accidents was 1.8 for a lower educational level, 1.7 for poorer vision, and 1.6 for a higher THI score. 7 By event history analysis with the dependent variable as the duration of work at the time of the industrial accident, educational level, age, $R\ddot{o}hrer$ Index and THI score were the statistically significant variables selected, and the hazard rate of industrial accident occurrence was 0.24 for a lower educational level, 0.92 for age, 0.99 for a lower $R\ddot{o}hrer$ Index and 2.72 for a higher THI score. As we have seen, educational level and THI score were the most significant factors affecting the hazard rate of industrial accidents. Vision, $R\ddot{o}hrer$ Index, age, and drinking behavior were also statistically significant variables influencing industrial accidents. Therefore, in order to prevent industrial accidents, it is necessary to establish a health management plan for industry which can objectively evaluate not only the physical but also the mental health of the workers. If we use this type of study as a prospective study design, we can determine the relative risk of physical and mental health factors on industrial accidents. Furthermore, it is expected that this type of study will provide workers at high risk with more precise basic data for a health managment plan for industrial accident prevention.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

Hazardous materials (HazMats) are substances that are flammable, explosive, toxic, or harmful, if released into the environment. Since the transportation of HazMats increases in many developed countries, HazMat transportation has the key function in the process of HazMat usage to trace information of production, storage, shipment, usage, and waste disposal. The Korean Ministry of Environment (KMOE) and the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) have developed many laws, regulations, and standards for hazardous materials. However, the Korean HazMat laws, regulations, and standards do not guarantee accurate information of HazMat origin-destination (O-D) shipments, though the HazMat O-D movement is the critical information in safety and security of HazMat transportation. The objectives of this research are: (1) to investigate emerging and recurrent issues in Korean HazMat transportation, and (2) to develop the estimation method of O-D matrices for hazardous materials under limited data sets. The sodium hydroxide waste shipment among forty candidate HazMats is selected as the sample research case. The growth-factor method is applied to estimate the 2005 O-D matrix of sodium-hydroxide waste shipment. The column-and-row factoring process is used to calibrate the estimated sodium-hydroxide O-D matrix. The result shows the applicability of the O-D estimation process for hazardous materials. The Sodium Hydroxide Waste Origin-Destination Matrix is obtained to trace routes and paths of the Sodium Hydroxide transportation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

With the substantial increase of the size of structure, the management of excavation becomes more difficult. Therefore, massive collapses which are related to retaining wall recently increase. However, since the study on measuring and monitoring the pre-stressing force of anchor is insufficient, behavior of anchor may not be predicted and monitored appropriately by the existing strain gauge and load cell type monitoring system. FBG Sensor, which is smaller than strain gauge and has better durability and does not have a noise from electromagnetic waves, is adapted to measure the strain and pre-stressing force of 7-wire strand, so called smart tendon. A series of pullout tests were performed to verify the feasibility of smart tendon and find out the load transfer mechanism around the steel wire tendon fixed to rock with grout. Distribution of measured strains and estimated shear stresses are compared with those predicted by theoretical solutions. It was found that developed smart tendon can be used effectively for measuring strain of 7-wire strand anchor and theoretical solutions underestimate the magnitude of shear stress and load transfer depth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4924-4931
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• 2011

This research performed to evaluate a production processes reporting by the HACCP system of green vegetable juice products, containing lactic acid bacteria, stage of processing raw materials agricultural products and production facilities of general bacteria and pathogenic micro organism. General bacteria are found from four samples of storage of agricultural products at process stage and water was detected 8.67~14.67 CFU/ml. However, all samples were detected less than 105 CFU/ml as a legal standards after the process of UV sterilization. For the outcome of experiment of E.coli, E.coli O157:H7, B.cereus, L.moonocytogenes, Salmonella spp, Staph.aureus as the food poisoning bacterial, E.coli was detected until UV pre-step process in storage process and B.cereus was detected partly till 1st washing. Since all bacterial, Yeast and Mold are detected in main materials, pre-control method is a necessary to establish for decreasing with a number of initial bacteria of main materials and it is considered to establish the effective ways of washing and sterilization such as production facilities for cross contamination prevention of bacteria and Sthaphylococcus. Based on above results, the process of UV sterilization should be managed with CCP as an important process to reduce or eliminate the general and food poisoning bacterial of green vegetable juice products, including lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, it is considered to need an exhaustive HACCP plan such as control manual of UV sterilization, solution method, verification, education and training and record management.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2015

Recently ITS have been increasingly applied on the roads to resolve traffic problems. Especially, Variable Message Sign (VMS), which is the one of ITS for traffic management and traffic safety, can be used for providing information about road conditions, climate conditions. In this study, data acquisition and statistical analysis were conducted for estimating safety impacts of providing traffic information through VMS. As a result of analyzing traffic characteristics before and after providing traffic information through VMS, average travel speed was decreased and vehicles tended to drive on centerline of lanes in 1st and 2nd lane after providing traffic information through VMS. Also, in order to analyze safety impacts of provided VMS traffic information, traffic safety hazard zone was established in each lane and probability distributions of passing traffic on the study area was estimated through Anderson-Darling Test. As a result of this, safety impacts of VMS traffic information in 1st lane could, on average, increase in left and right side of the lane by 0.69% and 7.07%, respectively. In case of 2nd lane, safety impacts could, on average, increase in left and right side of the lane by 2.71% and 0.02%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2017

Background/Aim: There is little data on whether plastic stents with a larger diameter are patent for longer than small stents in patients with bile duct cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the stent survival between 7-French (Fr) and 10-Fr plastic stents and evaluate the factors affecting stent survival. Methods: Patients with biliary obstruction due to biliary tract cancer were enrolled at Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine from January 2010 to October 2014. Results: A total of 215 patients (7-Fr:10-Fr = 89:126 patients) were retrospectively enrolled. The primary tumor sites were common bile duct (n = 111), hilar (n = 45), and ampulla of Vater (n = 59). Rates of stent migration and stent obstruction were not different between the two groups. The median duration of stent survival was 3.3 months in the 7-Fr group and 5.9 months in the 10-Fr group (p = 0.543). The diameter of the stent did not have an effect on stent survival (hazard ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 0.71-1.73, p = 0.649). Conclusions: 7-Fr and 10-Fr stents have similar rates of stent migration and stent obstruction. The stent survival of 7-Fr was not inferior to 10-Fr stents in the management of biliary tract cancer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.298-309
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate stages of safety and health culture change through a reflection on 40 years of hearing conservation history at a multinational company. Methods: The target workplaces were multinational companies with more than 1,000 employees. The research used the clinical case study and system analysis methods based on direct observation of the research from 1994 to 2009. The latter method performed an analysis of the equilibrium state of the cross-section in the given period and the longitudinal profile of the change during the given period. Results: The stages of cultural change are divided into five stages and summarized as follows. In the first stage, workplace noise was not widely recognized as a hazard, while in the second stage, the measurement of noise levels and audiometric testing were conducted under the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Act (KOSHA). The driving force for change in the second stage was the amendment of the KOSHA. In the third stage, noise came to be recognized as a hazard factor through awareness training. The driving force of change during the third stage was the strong executive power exerted by the audit of the industrial hygiene program from the US head office. In the fourth step, there was a change to actually reduce noise. The driving force in this stage was a change in company executives' risk perception resulting from lawsuits over noise-induced hearing loss and the task force team activities for culture change based on the action learning protocol. At the fifth stage, a 'buy quiet policy' was institutionalized. The management's experience that noise reduction was difficult was the motivation to manage noise from the time of purchase of equipment. Conclusions: The activities of a hearing conservation program are determined by the improvement of the legal system and by the way it is enforced. Noise control activities to reduce noise areas may be possible through the shared risk perception of noise-induced hearing loss and by a change agent role as a facilitator to implement noise control.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.759-774
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• 2018

This study was conducted to establish scores according to the importance levels of each HACCP evaluation item in cattle farm. The importance levels and score of each HACCP evaluation item was derived through the non-compliance rate and severity levels of hazard. In order to change the score criteria according to the importance of each HACCP evaluation item, we analyzed the importance of each HACCP evaluation item by using the portfolio mapping method according to the occurrence frequency and severity levels of hazard. The scores were classified into 3 point, 2 point, and 1 point, respectively, by classifying the importance of each category as 'high', 'middle' and 'lower'. Accordingly, we have established a now scoring system of each HACCP evaluation item through this study. Through the result of this study, the objectivity of the comparative evaluation was verified by implementing the currently used HACCP evaluation item to the cattle farm. In conclusion, Implementation of the result of this study to cattle farm may help to increase the objectivity and also improve more safety and hygienic cattle management and raw milk production.