• 의료법학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.259-284
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• 2008

Im sog. Kemptener-Fall aus dem Jahre 1994 in Deutschland hat der 1. Strafsenat des BGH die Bedeutung des Patientenwillens erstmals $f{\ddot{u}}r$ einen solchen Fall hervorgehoben, in dem die Krankheit noch keinen irreversibel $t{\ddot{o}}dlichen$ Verlauf genommen hat. Der 1. Senat des BGH entwickelt aus den $Pr{\ddot{a}}missen$, die er in drei $Leits{\ddot{a}}tzen$ $festh{\ddot{a}}lt$, $schl{\ddot{u}}ssig$ und im $gel{\ddot{a}}ufigen$ Modus der Dogmatik eine $Begr{\ddot{u}}ndung$, die gleichwohl den weitaus ${\ddot{u}}berwiegenden$ Teil der eigentlichen Probleme des Falles nicht einmal sichtbar genacht, geschweige denn einer $L{\ddot{o}}sung$ $n{\ddot{a}}hbar$ $br{\ddot{a}}chte$. Die $Leits{\ddot{a}}tze$ formulieren rechtliche Prinzipien, beziehen aber unvermeidlich zugleich und $selbstverst{\ddot{a}}ndlich$ Stellung zu einigen der schwierrigsten und $ungel{\ddot{o}}sten$ ethischen Fragen der modernen Medizin. Im sog. Kemptener-Fall brachte die $L{\ddot{o}}sung$ des Senat $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Mediziner, Ethiker und Juristen keine befriegende $L{\ddot{o}}sun$, sondern allein zahlose Zweifel und Unklarheiten. Denn dabei geht es nicht um moralisch $unerw{\ddot{u}}nschten$ Ergebnis der Rechtsanwendung im Einzelfall. Vielmehr hat die moderne Medizin $f{\ddot{u}}r$ den ${\ddot{a}}rztlichen$ Eintscheidungsbereich zwischen Leben und Tod einen Typus professionellen Alltagshandelns gebracht. Deshalb ist es eine Illusion, wollte man von der strafrechtlichen Dogmatik befriegende Resoltate erwarten. Trotzdem kann man nicht die dogmatische Untersuchung $aufh{\ddot{o}}ren$, weil eine Gesetzgebungslehre oder eine Strafrechtspolitik von den dogmatischen Probleme ausgehen muss. In diesem Hintegrund im Beitrag wurde dieser Fall durch kriti sche Auseinandersetzung strafrechtsdogmatisch zu begrunden versucht, Dabei wird die $Interessenabw{\ddot{a}}gung$ zwischen Lebens- und Sterbensinteressen als der $Rechtfertigungsbegr{\ddot{u}}ndung$ beim $t{\ddot{o}}dlichen$ Behandlungsabbruch vertreten.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2022

In Part I, developed was a method to obtain the stress field due to an edge dislocation that locates in an elastic half plane beneath the contact edge of an elastically similar square wedge. Essential result was the corrective functions which incorporate a traction free condition of the free surfaces. In the sequel to Part I, features of the corrective functions, F_kij,(k = x, y;i,j = x,y) are investigated in this Part II at first. It is found that F_xxx(ŷ) = F_xyx(ŷ) where ŷ = y/η and η being the location of an edge dislocation on the y axis. When compared with the corrective functions derived for the case of an edge dislocation at x = ξ, analogy is found when the indices of y and x are exchanged with each other as can be readily expected. The corrective functions are curve fitted by using the scatter data generated using a numerical technique. The algebraic form for the curve fitting is designed as F_kij(ŷ) = $\frac{1}{\hat{y}^{1-{\lambda}}I+yp}$$\sum_{q=0}^{m}{\left}$$\left[A_q\left(\frac{\hat{y}}{1+\hat{y}} \right)^q \right]$ where λ_I=0.5445, the eigenvalue of the adhesive complete contact problem introduced in Part I. To investigate the exponent of F_kij, i.e.(1 - λ_I) and p, Log|F_kij|(ŷ)-Log|(ŷ)| is plotted and investigated. All the coefficients and powers in the algebraic form of the corrective functions are obtained using Mathematica. Method of analyzing a surface perpendicular crack emanated from the complete contact edge is explained as an application of the curve-fitted corrective functions.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1979

양분(養分)의 손실(損失)이 적고 효율적(效率的)으로 콩나물을 재배(栽培)할 수 있는 재배환경(栽培環境) 특(特)히 수침조건(水浸條件), 주수회수(注水回數) 및 재배온도(栽培溫度)에 따른 적정조건(適正條件)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 발아(發芽)하기에 충분(充分)한 수침(水浸)은 수침(水浸)된 콩의 중량(重量)이 원료(原料)콩의 2배(倍)가 될때가 적당(適當)하며 2배(倍)에 도달(到達)하는 시간(時間)은 온도(溫度)에 따라 달라서 온도(溫度)와의 관계(關係)는 ${\hat{Y}}=-0.298x+14.463$(${\hat{Y}}$=시간(時間), x=온도(溫度))로 표시(表示)할 수 있으며, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 5시간반(時間半) 정도(程度)된다. 2. 주수회수(注水回數)는 배축(胚軸)의 잔뿌리 및 생육(生育)을 고려(考慮)할이만을 고려(考慮)할 때 $25^{\circ}C$라고 할 수 있으나 건물중(乾物重) 및 질소(窒素)의 손실(損失)이 가장 적은 재배온도(栽培溫度)는 $21{\sim}22^{\circ}C$로 추정(推定)된다.

• 복식
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Najang was the central Seori, affiliated to the Ministry of War during the Joseon dynasty. The objective of this study is to research the existing authentic Najang costumes from the late-Joseon dynasty by examining factors, such as the composition of the costume, size, and method of creation, and attempt to replicate it. The Leipzig Grassi Museum in Germany possesses an official uniform of Najang from the late-Joseon dynasty, and we visited the museum in May of 2013 to examine it for the study. Written records, or Uigwe, and other pictorial data from the Joseon Dynastry describe the Najang wearing black or navy clothing with white decoration and pointy hats. The most notable characteristic of the Najang uniform is that it has the cotton cords pattern. The hat has a brass ball attached, which was worn with the ball facing the front in the early Joseon Dynasty, and was worn facing the back in the later years. They usually wore black head cloths (Heuk-geon), but would attach feathers on the black hats (Heuk-rip) for special occasions. The Najang uniform preserved in the Leipsiz Grassi Muesim does not exist in Korea. It is made of cotton. The cotton cord pattern of the uniform of Najang was made using single-ply cords and double-ply cords. The hat worn by Najang is in a form of a cone that becomes narrower towards the top or is in a form with wide and open end. It was made of oiled paper covered with hemp, and two circular metal disks were attatched at the rear.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.429-437
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• 2013

Let $X_1$, $X_2$, ${\cdots}$, $X_n$ be independent and identically distributed random variables having common exponential density with unknown mean ${\mu}$. In the sequential confidence interval estimation for the exponential hazard rate ${\theta}=1/{\mu}$, when the loss function is strictly convex, the following stopping rule is proposed with the half length d of prescribed confidence interval $I_n$ for the parameter ${\theta}$; ${\tau}$ = smallest integer n such that $n{\geq}z^2_{{\alpha}/2}\hat{\theta}^2/d^2+2$, where $\hat{\theta}=(n-1)\bar{X}{_n}^{-1}/n$ is the minimum risk estimator for ${\theta}$ and $z_{{\alpha}/2}$ is defined by $P({\mid}Z{\mid}{\leq}{\alpha}/2)=1-{\alpha}({\alpha}{\in}(0,1))$ Z ~ N(0, 1). For the confidence intervals $I_n$ which is required to satisfy $P({\theta}{\in}I_n){\geq}1-{\alpha}$. These estimated intervals $I_{\tau}$ have the asymptotic consistency of the sequential procedure; $$\lim_{d{\rightarrow}0}P({\theta}{\in}I_{\tau})=1-{\alpha}$$, where ${\alpha}{\in}(0,1)$ is given.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.86-101
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• 2016

전남 농어촌 지역은 최근 급격한 인구감소로 정주기반 체계가 무너지고 있다. 낙후된 도서지역의 균형발전을 위해 전라남도는 '가고 싶은 섬' 가꾸기 사업을 통해 도서지역을 다시 인구가 유입되는 살기 좋은 지역으로 만들고자 한다. 지역개발을 위한 사업으로서 도서지역의 아름다운 자연경관과 역사 문화 전통을 배경으로 지속가능한 관광을 발전시키고자 한다. 이를 위해 지역주민의 주체적이고 능동적인 참여가 필요한데, 본 연구의 목적은 지역개발 사업에 임하는 낭도 주민의 참여 방안을 고찰함으로써 해당 지역의 지역개발 활성화에 기여하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 설문조사를 실시하였으며 조사 결과 설문대상자의 인구속성에 따라 상이한 결과가 나왔기 때문에 인구속성과 참여분야 간의 교차분석을 실시해 보았다. 이를 종합하면 주민참여 분야는 지역소득사업, 지역경관 개선사업, 지역 내 체험활동 등으로 분류된다. 이에 근거한 주민참여 방안으로 당제의 계승 발전과 관광해설 교육 프로그램 참여를 제시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.221-229
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• 1998

Let $k$ be a real abelian field and $k_{\infty}$ be its $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension for an odd prime $p$. Let $A_n$ be the Sylow $p$-subgroup of the ideal class group of $k_n$, the $nth$ layer of the $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension. By using the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory, we have the following: If $p$ does not divide $\prod_{{{\chi}{\in}\hat{\Delta}_k},{\chi}{\neq}1}B_{1,{\chi}{\omega}^{-1}$, then $A_n$ = {0} for all $n{\geq}0$, where ${\Delta}_k=Gal(k/\mathbb{Q})$ and ${\omega}$ is the Teichm$\ddot{u}$ller character for $p$. The converse of this statement does not hold in general. However, we have the following when $k$ is of prime conductor $q$: Let $q$ be an odd prime different from $p$. and let $k$ be a real subfield of $\mathbb{Q}({\zeta}_q)$. If $p{\mid}{\prod}_{{\chi}{\in}\hat{\Delta}_{k,p},{\chi}{\neq}1}B_{1,{\chi}{\omega}}-1$, then $A_n{\neq}\{0\}$ for all $n{\geq}1$, where ${\Delta}_{k,p}$ is the $Gal(k_{(p)}/\mathbb{Q})$ and $k_{(p)}$ is the decomposition field of $k$ for $p$.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.605-609
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• 2002

1:N 멀티캐스트 환경에서 신뢰적으로 데이터를 전송하기 위한 오류제어 메커니즘은 1:1 환경과는 달리 ACK 폭주나 중복된 재전송 데이터에 대한 고려가 반드시 필요하다. 이런 오류 제어 메커니즘들에 대한 많은 연구가 있었지만, 실제 서비스를 위해 구현된 경우는 그리 많지 않다. 본 고에서 다루는 ECTP는 현재 ITU-T와 ISO에서 국제 표준으로 승인된 신뢰적인 그룹 전송 프로토콜인데, 내부적으로는 신뢰적이면서 효율적으로 데이터를 전송하기 위해 다수의 타이머를 정의한다. 성능 평가는 RedHat7.2 환경에서 실제 구현한 ECTP의 트래픽을 다수의 파라미터들의 다양한 조합하였을 때를 인터넷 testbed상에서 이들 측정하였다. 끝으로 전송률의 개선이나 그룹 통신에 발생하는 제어 패킷들의 수는 오류 제어를 위한 각종 타이머 값이 크게 의존함을 보였다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

Fifteen herbs used in oral medicine were extracted in ethanol and screened for tooth whitening effect, radical scavenging activity, inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and anti-bacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans. The results are as followed: 1. The tooth whitening effect of toothpaste containing 1 $\%$ ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested in brushing method using artificially stained HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. Toothpaste containing 1$\%$ of Vucia unijuga, Illicium verum, Angelica dahurica and Piper longum extracts showed tooth whitening effects on both HAT tablet and bovine tooth specimens. But the others did not show a considerable activity. 2. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of 15 herbs was tested using the method of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reactivity. Two ethanol extracts of Cimicifuga heracleifolia and Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis were found to be the most effective on radical scavenging activity. C. heracleifolia and P. nigra var. henonis extracts removed 86$\%$ and 81 $\%$ of DPPH radical at 0.01$\%$, compared with butylated hydroxy toluene as positive control. 3. The inhibition activity of ethanol extracts on nitrate production In RAW264.7 cell stimulated by lipopolysacchride was tested using the Griess reagent. But all extracts did not inhibit nitrate production. 4. The antibacterial activity on Streptoccocus mutans was tested by paper disk method. But no one extract showed any anti - bacterial activity.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.234-240
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• 1995

광선추적법에서 계산시간의 대부분은 광선과 물체와의 교차 검사에 사용된다. 그러므로 빠른 교차검사는 광선추적 알고리즘의 속도 증가를 가져올 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 광선 추적 알고리즘을 이용하여 삼각형이나 사각형등의 물체로 구성된 이미지를 생성할 때 전처리과정(preprocessing)에서 미리 계산된 두 상수 vector $\hat{u}$과 $\hat{v}$을 이용하여 지금까지 알려진 방법보다 빠른 교차 검사를 수행함으로써 속도를 향상 시키는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 이 결과를 삼각형의 보간(interpolation)에서 뿐만 아니라, 적응분할(adaptive subdivision) 방법을 사용하는 래디오시티 모델(radiosity model)에서 자주 사용되는 일반 사각형에서의 효율적인 bilinear interpolation 기법을 제시한다.