• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.49-69
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• 1988

In order to develop a cropping system that can produce garlic in the period of short supply from March to April, effects of low temperature treatment of seed bulbs and planting dates, starting date of low temperature treatment, days of low temperature treatment on plant growth, maturity and yield were studied in Southern strain, 'Namhae' and in Northern strain, 'Euiseong' of garlic (Allium sativum). The results obtained were as follows. In Sorthern strain, sprouting was significantly enhanced by low temperature treatment only in Sep. 14, and Sep. 29 plantings. Days to sprout were least in 30 days of low temperature treatment of Sep. 14 planting and in 45 days treatment of Sep. 29 planting. When considering on the beginning date of low temperature treatment, a marked difference was observed between treatments started before July 31 and after Aug. 15. Sprouting was most enhanced in 45 days low temperature treatment of Aug. 15 and Aug. 30 plantings. In Northern strain, sprouting was en hanced by low temperature treatment in planting from Sep. 29 to Nov. 13 and low temperature treatment for 60 days was most effective. Effect of low temperature treatment on early plant growth was observed in Sep. 14 and Sep. 29 plantings, but the effect on plant growth at intermediate stage or thereafter was observed in up to Oct. 29 plantings. Optimun days for low temperature treatment on growth enhancement was 45 and 60 days in Southern strain and 60 days in Northern strain in each planting dates. In Southern strain, the longer the low temperature treatment and the later the planting date the less the number of leaves developed. In Northern strain, normal leaves were not developed in plantings from Sep. 14 to Nov. 13. In Southern strain, clove differentiation and bulbing were earlist in 45 and 60 days treatment of Sep. 14, Sep. 29, and Oct. 14 planting initiated on July 31 and Aug. 15. In Northern strain, clove differentiation and bulbing were earlist in 60 days treatment of Oct. 14 planting initiated on Aug. 15 and Aug. 30. In treatment initiated later than above, longer the low temperature treatment the earlier the clove differentiation and bulbing in both Southern and Northern strains. The earlier the initiation date and the longer of low temperature treatment, the earlier bolting in southern strain. In Northern strain, bolting was most enhanced in 45 and 60 days of low temperature treatment initiated on Aug. 15 and Aug. 30. The longer the low temperature treatment in plantings thereafter, the earlier the bolting. The earlier the planting date garlic bulbs. Harvest date was earliest in 45 and 60 days low temperature treatment started from July 31 to Aug. 30 in Southern strain, and it was in 60 and 90 days low temperature treatment initiated from July 31 to Aug. 30 in Northern strain. Bulb weight was heaviest in 45 days low temperature treatment of Oct. 14 planting and next was in 45 days treatment of Sep. 29 planting in Southern strain. In Northern strain, bulb weight was heaviest in 60 days treatment of Oct. 14 planting and next was in 45 days treatment of Oct. 14 planting. When considered in the aspect of the beginning date of low temperature treatment, bulb weight was heaviest in 45 days treatment started on Aug. 30 in Southern strain and in 60 days treatment started on Aug. 15 in Northern strain. A high negative correlation between days to harvest and plant height on January 12, and a high positive correlation between days to harvest and days clove differentiation were observed. This indicates that enhanced plant growth and clove differentiation induced by low temperature treatment advanced the harvest date. A high negative correlation between bulb weight and days to clove differentiation, days to harvest suggests that the enhanced clove differentiation result and in heavier bulb weight. From the above results, it suggested that early crop of garlic can be harvested by planting at the period of Sep. 29 to Oct. 14 after 45 days of low temperature treatment of seed bulbs of Southern strain. Then harvest date can be shortened by 30 days compared to control and garlic can be harvested in early April.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 1985

The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of foliage clipping on photosynthesis and grain filling for branch and non branch types under the polyethylene film mulch and non mulch conditions in mono cropping and second cropping after barley in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and to improve poor grain filling at later flowering time utilizing these data. One thousand grain weight was more decreased in branch type than in non branch type, in polyethylene film mulch condition than in non mulch condition, and in second cropping after barley than in mono cropping by clipping lower part foliage. Twentyfive percent clipping of lower part foliage showed a little increase than no clipping. Matured grain rate also showed same tendency between branch and non branch type and between mono cropping and second cropping after barley as well as 1,000 grain weight except for polyethylene film mulch. Matured grain rate of 25% foliage clipping at 30 days after flowering in non branch type presented a little increase but decreased in branch type. Clipping of higher part leaves were so serious decrease of matured grain rate that higher part leaves at late maturing time have a major role in photosynthesis. Matured grain rate of foliage clipping at 10 days after flowering was decreased in all treatments. Chlorophyll content of higher part leaves at 50% lower part foliage clipping presented 39% increase compared to same positioned leaves of non treatment, and 66% increase by 50% higher part foliage clipping in lower part leaves. Photosynthetic activity was 58% more increased in 50% lower part foliage clipping than no clipping, but seriously decreased in 50% higher part foliage clipping. Therfore, photosynthates of remained lower part leaves could not only support their own demands, but also any contribution to translocation of photosynthates from source to sink at late maturing time. Harvest index was 28% increased in 25% lower part foliage clipping and 13% decreased in 50% higher part foliage clipping compared to no clipping. Leaf area was 48% increased in 50% lower part foliage clipping compared to the same positioned leaves of no clipping, and only 5% increased in higher part foliage clipping. Productivity by foliage clipping compared to non treatment, was highly decreased in branch type than in non branch type, in second cropping after barley than in mono cropping. Little difference was detected between polyethylene film mulch and non mulch conditions. Twenty five percentage of lower part foliage clipping on mono cropping of non branch type appeared 5% and 8% yield increase in each of polyethylene film mulch and non mulch conditions compared to no clipping, and all decreased in other treatments. Mean loss of productivity by foliage clipping at 10 days after flowering was serious than clipping at 30 days after flowering. As the result, contribution to photosynthesis of source at 10 days after flowering are larger than that at 30 days after flowering in sesame. Fifty percent lower part foliage clipping at 10 days after flowering showed so the most serious yield decrease that lower part leaves at that time were considered as the main role leaves for photosynthesis.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2019

'Aram' is a soybean cultivar developed for soy-sprout. It was developed from the crossing of 'Bosug' (Glycine max IT213209) and 'Camp' (G. max IT267356) cultivars in 2007. F₁ plants and F₂ population were developed in 2009 and 2010. A promising line was selected in the F₅ generation in 2011 using the pedigree method and it was evaluated for agronomic traits, yield, and soy-sprouts characteristics in a preliminary yield trial (PYT) in 2012 and an advanced yield trial (AYT) in 2013. Agronomic traits and yield were stable between 2014 and 2016 in the regional yield trial (RYT) in four regions (Suwon, Naju, Dalseong, and Jeju). Morphological characteristics of 'Aram' are as follows: determinate plant type, purple flowers, grey pubescence, yellow pods, and small, yellow, and spherical seeds (9.9 g 100-seeds^-1) with a light brown hilum. The flowering date was the 5^th of August and the maturity date was the 15^th of October. Plant height, first pod height, number of nods, number of branches, and number of pods were 65 cm, 13 cm, 16, 4.5, and 99, respectively. In the sprout test, germination rate and sprout characteristics of 'Aram' were comparable to that of the 'Pungsannamulkong' cultivar. The yield of 'Aram' was 3.59 ton ha^-1 and it was 12% higher than that of 'Pungsannamulkong' in southern area of Korea. The yield of 'Aram' in the Jeju region, which is the main region for soybean sprout production, was 20% higher than that of 'Pungsannamulkong'. The height of the first pod and the tolerance to lodging and pod shattering, which are connected to the adaptation to mechanized harvesting, were higher in 'Aram' compared to those in 'Pungsannamulkong'. Therefore, the 'Aram' cultivar is expected to be broadly cultivated because of its higher soybean sprout quality, and seed yield and better adaptation to mechanized harvesting. (Registration number: 7718)

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.496-503
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• 2019

The soybean cultivar, 'Saegeum', has been developed for preparing soy-paste and tofu. The soybean cultivars 'Daepung' and 'SS98207-3SSD-168' were crossed in 2003 to obtain 'Saegeum'. Single seed descent method was used to advance the generation from F₃ to F₅, and the plant lines with promising traits were selected from F₆ to F₇ by pedigree method. The preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and the regional yield trial (RYT) was conducted in 12 regions between 2011 and 2013. The morphological characteristics of 'Saegeum' were as follows: determinate plant type, white flower, tawny pubescence color, and brown pod color. Flowering and maturity dates were August 2, XXXX and October 17, XXXX, respectively. Plant height, first pod height, number of nodes, number of branches, and number of pods were 79 cm, 18 cm, 16, 2.3, and 44, respectively. The seed characteristics of 'Saegeum' were as follows: yellow spherical shape, yellow hilum, and the 100-seed weight was 25.4 g. 'Saegeum' was resistant to bacterial pustule and SMV in the field test, and its lodging resistance was mildly strong, whereas its shattering resistance was excellent. The ability of this cultivar to be processed into tofu, soybean malt, and other fermented products was comparable with that of 'Daewonkong'. The yield of 'Saegeum' in the adaptable regions was 3.02 ton ha^-1. Thus, 'Saegeum' is adaptable to mechanized harvesting because of its high first pod height, as well as lodging and shattering resistance. (Registration number: 5929)

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2010

We have researched the changes in nutrient content in each phase of fermentation in crops treated with liquefied pig fertilizer, and have determined the best method for applying livestock excrement to cultured crops. In the execution of this experiment, rice was cultivated to full maturity at a paddy field in Jeollabuk-Do Agriculture Research and Extension Services(Jeon-buk series) from 2007 to 2008. The rice plant nitrogen absorption quantity change, according to the growth stages of the cultivated rice, was 20.3% in the rice treated with the liquid pig manure and 22.2% the chemical fertilizer at highest congelation. The chemical fertilizer showed a higher absorption quantity than the liquid manure compost. The nitrogen density at highest congelation was 1.5% in the chemical fertilizer, and 1.8% in the pig manure liquid compost not a significant difference. The stem height at harvest time was 73.8 cm in the crops treated with the liquid pig manure compost. Those treated with the chemical fertilizer, yielded a height of 4.2 cm less than the crops treated with the liquid pig manure compost. The yield was 507 kg/10a in the liquid pig manure compost treated rice, compared with the chemical fertilizer, which showed a value of 1.2% lower. The protein content was 6.3% in the rice treated with the chemical fertilizer, but 6.4% in the rice treated with the liquid pig manure compost. This is not a significant difference. However, the lodging rice plant treated with the chemical fertilizer control showed a protein content of 6.8%, which was even higher than the normal rice. The head rice ratio in the brown rice and the polished rice ended up to be lower in the crop treated with the liquid pig manure than that treated with the chemical fertilizer, Quality, the palatability value, was similar in both groups. The above result indicate that, the effect of liquid pig manure compost corresponds to the effect of chemical fertilizer, when each are scattered uniformly.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

As for Ethephon treatment, the heading stage is 2 days later at the concentration of 250 ppm and 500 ppm for the booting stage that when there is no treatment, 4 days later at the concentration of 1000 or more ppm but no difference for the blossoming and ripening stage. The culm length get shorter as the concentration of Ethephon is higher and the rate of culm length damaged is 37% for 1500 ppm of booting stage, which is the most effective processing, and the inferior culm length damage rate is bigger than the superior culm length damage rate. There is no difference between the number of glumous flower, culm and litter weight and the non-processing and as for the thousand grain weight, it is slightly bigger than when there is not any processing. The rate of germination is indifferent, the number of seeds get numerous regardless of the concentration of treatment and the number augments by 5% maximum for the booting stage. The number of days it takes from treatment of desiccant to the moisture content for harvesting time is respectively 15 days for seeds of 30 day-treatment, 10 days for seeds of 35 days-treatment and 5 days for seeds of 40 to 45 day-treatment. As for the harvest time after treatment of desiccant, the treatment at $30^{th}$ days and $35^{th}$ after the earing is 8 days earlier than the culture by conventional methods, 8 days earlier for the treatment at $40^{th}$ day. When the desiccant treatment is implemented, the thousand grain weight is heavier as the number of days of treatment gets later. The rate of germination gets higher as the number of days of treatment after earing gets later but there is no statistically significant difference 35 days after the earing. Yields are 37% compared to the culture by conventional methods for the treatment of 30 days after the earing, 70% compared to the culture by conventional methods for the treatment of 35 days after the earing, and 92% compared to the culture by conventional methods for the treatment of 40 days after the earing. The treatment before the physiological maturity impacts greatly upon the quality of seeds.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.655-661
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• 2016

To develop scab-resistant pear (Pyrus spp.) varieties with fruits that are as crisp and juicy as Asian pears, a cross was made between 'Whangkeumbae' and 'Bartlett' varieties (P. pyrifolia ${\times}$ P. communis) at the Pear Research Institute of the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, in 1994. Among the 285 seedlings, 'Greensis' was first selected in 2006 for its good eating quality and named in 2012 after regional adaptation tests in nine regions and ten experimental plots from 2007 to 2012. The tree showed a vigorous growth habit and semi-spreading characteristics, like 'Whangkeumbae'. The optimum fruit harvest date was also around Sept. 26 and fruit was round in shape and green in skin color at maturity. Average fruit weight was 470g, and the soluble solids content was $12.4^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh was very crisp and juicy, and had good eating quality. Its' leaf size was similar with 'Bartlett' and smaller than 'Whangkeumbae'. The average of full bloom date of 'Greensis' was determined as Apr. 26, which was six days later than 'Whangkeumbae' and similar with 'Bartlett'. S genotypes of 'Greensis' were identified as $S_4S_e$ by S-allele PCR product sequencing analysis. It seems that the $S_4$ allele was inherited from 'Whangkeumbae' and the Se allele from 'Bartlett'. 'Greensis' displayed strong resistance to scab disease caused by Venturia nashicola, similar to European pear cultivars like 'Beurre Hardy' and, 'Conference'. 'Greensis' was also highly resistant to black leaf spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) in the field

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.451-458
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• 2004

No comprebensive forage quality of annual legumes harvested and cured in spring has been conducted in Korea. Therefore, this experiment was carried out to gain information on the quality of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), bolta baIansa clover(Trifolium ba/anansae L.), and persian c1over(Trifolium resupinatum L.) during field curing in spring. The dry matter content of crimson clover at harvest was 24.7%, while bolta balansa and persian clovers had 20.4 and 18.8%, respectively. The moisture content of persian clover was low at the final curing day. But All species took 4 days to reach moisture content under 20%Tedding frequency did not affect moisture content, but consisten trends were also observed during the field curing. Persian clover tended to show a higher leaf-stem ratio than crimson and bolta balansa clovers on dry matter basis. Crude protein of persian clover(19.5%) was higher than other legumes. The percentage of erode protein was decreased from 17.8 to 16.5% as tedding frequency often did. Neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents of persian clover were lower than those of other legumes. From the comparison among tedding frequency, NDF and ADF contents of three times were higher than those of one and two times. Relative feed value(RFV) of persian clover hay was the highest(178) and classified as Grade Prime in forage quality standard. Crimson and bolta balansa clovers in the RFV were also high quality as Grade 1 in forage quality standard. The RFV of legume hay was decreased from 150 to 140 as tedding frequency often did Results of the experiment indicate that hay quality of persian clover was higher than other clovers. And this is due to high leaf and stem content, hollow stem and late maturity stage. Then tedding frequency in annual legume can be teded by two times for quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 2011

Seed germination and dormancy of three green manure seeds such as hairy vetch, crimson clover and narrow-leaved vetch (Vicia angustifolia L.) produced in Milyang, southern part of Korea were investigated to provide a basic information on the stability of seedling establishment in green manure seeds. In addition, the effect of seed storage duration on the germinability of imported hairy vetch and crimson seeds was also investigated. To determine the seed maturity time of three green manure seeds, the seeds were harvested manually at May 25, May 30, and June 4, and the 100-seed weight, germinability and percentage of hard seed were evaluated. Freshly harvested seeds of three green manure crops were strongly dormant because of hard seed coat. Germination percentage of the three green manure crops varied depending on the seed harvest time ranging from 30 - 52% in hairy vetch, 16 - 35% in crimson clover and 2 - 61% in V. angustifolia, respectively. Of the three crops, crimson clover and V. angustifolia matured early on May 30 to June 4 (around 35 to 40 days after flower) but hairy vetch seed did not mature until June 4 based on the seed germinability. The matured seed of crimson clover and V. angustifolia germinated less than 20% while scarification on seed coat significantly overcome the innate dormancy. On the other hand, the seed germination of hairy vetch and crimson clover was lower under dark than in the presence of light. The germination percentage of the imported hairy vetch and crimson clover seeds showed high with 77 - 79%, 94 - 95%, respectively, but the seed germination significantly declined by 21 - 32%, 30 - 40% after one-year of storage under natural conditions. The seeds germinated only 8 - 13% for hairy vetch but crimson clover did not germinate at all after two years storage. These results indicate V. angustifolia and crimson clover mature at May 30 to June 4 but hairy vetch did not. The imported hairy vetch and crimson clover seeds should be used within one-year after import for stable seedling establishment in green manure-rice cultivation cropping system.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.9
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• pp.147-155
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• 1991

Effects of harvest date, number of the leaves remained on stump after flower cutting, duration of cold treatment on the growth and flowering of L. elegans 'Connecticut King' bulb were tested. Shoot emerging rate increased over 90% by delayed cold treatment, late harvesting time and more leaves remained. Flowering rate increased over 90% when conducted cold treatment of 90 days to the premature bulb at flowering date, the bulb matured for 50 days with 10 leaves and the bulb matured for over 30 days with 20 leaves, and when conducted cold treatment of 50 days to the bulb matured for over 30 days with all leaves. Delayed cold treatment duration shortened days needed to shoot emergence and flowering. Especially days to flower of the premature bulb at flowering date were the shortest of all treatments, and can be flowered within 100 days after planting. In generally, plant height, number of flowers per plant and stem diameter generally increased by longer bulb maturing period after flower cuting, and the premature bulb harvested at flowering date showed poor growing and flowering responses. But, if used the larger size bulb, it is believed that the prematured bulb can be forced to flower normally in current year without bulb maturing period.