• Title/Summary/Keyword: Harmful Effects

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Harmful Environments (유해환경)

  • Doh, Hyun-Sim;Lee, Sa-Rah;Song, Seung-Min
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.125-137
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    • 2009
  • This study reviews facts and trends of harmful environments in the last decade that negatively affected children's development. Younger children have been exposed to harmful media, drugs, facilities, and objects. A matter of chemical substances contaminating in-door air has become quite controversial, recently. In order to provide a better understanding of harmful environments against children, there are great needs for a survey covering all ages based on the clear definition of the term harmful environments, research identifying its causal effects on child development in the context of both parent-child and peer relationships, and a longitudinal study processing its effects in a life-span perspective. It is suggested that by providing parent education and a plenty of cultural facilities as social efforts to create sound family culture, psycho-social and physical environments of children are improved. Furthermore, legal regulations and supervision on harmful environments are needed to be strengthened.

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Effects of Family Environment and Parental Neglect on Adolescent's Contact with Harmful Environments (가정환경 및 부모의 방임이 청소년의 유해환경 접촉에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Yoon-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.50 no.5
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    • pp.115-124
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of parental neglect on the relationship between family environment, such as economic status and harmony of family and contact with harmful environments. The data came from the 2009 Korean Survey on the Rights of Youth (N = 6,601). The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling by means of SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 7.0. Bootstrap method used to test significant mediating effects. We found that family environment influences an adolescent's contact with harmful environments through parental neglect, showing that family environment has both indirect and direct effects. The results suggested that a family with low socio-economic status and more stress than harmony engenders a negative effect on the behavior of parents providing care and affection. This neglect influences the adolescent's contact with harmful environments such as harmful media and facilities. It must be acknowledged that parental care and suitable affection play a minimal role in adolescent's contact with harmful environments.

Inhibitory Effects of Bifidobacterium spp. Isolated from a Healthy Korean on Harmful Enzymes of Human Intestinal Microflora

  • Park, Hye-Young;Bae, Eun-Ah;Han, Myung-Joo;Choi, Eung-Chil;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.54-61
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    • 1998
  • Five hundreds of bifidobacteria were isolated from a healthy Korean and the inhibitory effects of these isloated bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora were examined by cocultivation of the isolated bifidobacteria with E. coli or total human intestinal microflora. In comparison with the results of E. coli or intestinal microflora cultivation, Bifidobacterium breve K-110, B. breve K-111 and B. infantis K-525 effectively inhibited harmful enzymes ($\beta$-glucuronidase and tryptophanase) of E. coli and lowered the pH of the culture media. Also they inhibited the harmful enzymes ($\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase, tryptophanase and urease) and ammonia production of intestinal microflora, and lowered pH of the culture media by increasing lactic acid bacteria of intestinal microflora. When these isolated bifidobacteria were administered on mice, fecal harmful enzymes were also inhibited. Among tested bifidobacteria, B. breve K-110 had the highest inhibitory effect of fecal harmful enzymes.

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A study on the reaction mechanism on the harmful gases related to the human physiology caused by fire and panic phenomenon. (화재발생시의 유해가스의 반응 메카니즘과 패닉현상)

  • Yoon, Moung-Hoon;Kwon, Young-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 2008.04a
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    • pp.337-340
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    • 2008
  • Smoke composed of harmful gases such as carbon monocide and carbon dioxide is reconized as the major killer in fire situation. Especailly it is said that smoke movement is related to the panic phenomenon which threatens the life seriously. The purpose of this study is to investgate and analyse the reaction mechanism of harmful gas caused by fire effects on the human psychology and panic phenomenon.

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A Model for Protective Behavior against the Harmful Effects of Radiation based on Medical Institution Classifications (의료기관 형태별 방사선장해 방어행위 모형)

  • Han, Eun-Ok;Kwon, Deok-Mun;Dong, Kyung-Rae;Han, Seung-Moo
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.157-162
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    • 2010
  • This study surveyed a total of 1,322 radiation technologist in health care institutions throughout Korea. This is a comparative study conducted on the levels of protective behavior against the harmful effects of radiation in heath care institutions which indicated that university hospitals and general hospitals showed higher level of protective behavior than for medical practitioners. This study found university hospitals have the following 7 characteristics to manage protective behavior against the harmful effects of radiation, protective environment, self-efficacy by distinction of task, self-efficacy, expectation of the protective behavior, the number of patients, level of the education related to the protection of the harmful effects of radiation and protective attitude. While general hospitals have the following 3 characteristics protective environment, expectation of the protective behavior and protective attitude. Hospitals have the following 4 characteristics protective environment, expectation of the protective behavior, protective attitude and self-efficacy. and medical clinics have characteristics protective environment.

The Effects of Fuel Injection Skips on the Reduction of Harmful Exhaust Gases during an SI Engine Starting (가솔린 기관의 시동시 연료분사스킵이 유해배출가스 저감에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, S.S.
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.5-11
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    • 2006
  • During the SI engine starting up, starting conditions directly contribute to the harmful emissions in spark ignition engines. The effects of catalyst temperatures and fuel injection skip methods on HC emissions were investigated. The test was conducted on a 1.5L, 4-cylinder, 16 valve, multipoint-port-fuel-injection gasoline engine. To understand the formation of HC emissions, HC concentration was measured in an exhaust port using a Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector(FRFID). The result showed that HC emissions, which were generated during initial stage of the starting, could be reduced by coolant temperature and fuel injection skips. And through the vehicle test of ECE15+EUDC, it is convinced that the optimized fuel injection skip method according to coolant temperatures have favourable effects on the reduction of harmful exhaust emissions including HC during the SI engine start.

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Changes in Co-Occurrence of Smoking and Harmful Drinking among Youth: a Study from the Chi Linh Demographic - Epidemiological Surveillance System in Vietnam, 2006-2013

  • Duong, Minh Duc;Le, Thi Vui;Nguyen, Thuy Quynh;Hoang, Van Minh
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.17 no.sup1
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    • pp.55-63
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    • 2016
  • Smoking and harmful drinking dramatically increase health risks but little is known about their cooccurrence and factors that influence this co-habit, limiting development and implementation of appropriately targeted prevention interventions. This study was conducted among youth aged 10-24 years old in the Chi Linh Demographic - Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHILILAB DESS). The total numbers in the first, second and third rounds in 2006, 2009 and 2013 were 12,406, 10,211, and 7,654, respectively. A random-effects logit model controlling for both time-variant and time-invariant variables was applied to explore factors associated with current smoking, harmful drinking, and occurrence of smoking and harmful drinking together. We found dramatically increasing trends in current smoking, harmful drinking and co-occurrence among youth. Our results indicate similar health problems among youth in peri-urban areas in Vietnam. Demographic characteristics (older age, being male, being unmarried, and having informal work) appeared to be predictors for smoking and drinking behaviour. Besides, peer and family members had significant influence on smoking, whereas having a close-friend who was smoking was the most important variable. The results suggested that smoking and harmful drinking should not be solved with separate, stand-alone interventions but rather with integrated efforts.

Inhibitory effects of Kimchi lactic acid bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal bacteria

  • Han, Seung-Bae;Kim, Dong-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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    • 2003.04a
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    • pp.226.3-227
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    • 2003
  • Lactic acid bacteria have been considered as the most beneficial probiotic organisms contributing to inhibition of harmful and putrefactive intestinal bacteria. Among them, Bifidobacterium spp. has been considered as one of the most beneficial probiotic organism that can improve the health of humans, since it is one of the major bacteria flora in human intestine. However, the harmful enzyme-inhibitory activity of lactic acid bacteria of Kimchi, which is a representative Korean fermented food has not been evaluated. (omitted)

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Hookah Smoking: Characteristics, Behavior and Perceptions of Youth Smokers in Pune, India

  • Kakodkar, Pradnya V.;Bansal, Shruti S.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.7
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    • pp.4319-4323
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    • 2013
  • Background: Hookah smoking has been referred to as a global tobacco epidemic by public health officials. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics, behaviour and perceptions related to hookah smoking among the youth smokers in Pune. Methods: Two hundred and eighty established hookah smokers participated in this study. Data was collected using a 29-item questionnaire, constructed using three main domains: Characteristics (socio-demographic and personal), behaviour and perceptions (about harmful effects in comparison to cigarette smoking). Results: The results indicated that the mean age of starting hookah smoking was 17.3 years; 75% of participants did not have parental acceptance; light-headedness, dizziness and headache were most common reported nicotine effects, post hookah smoking. Hookah smoking on a daily basis was reported by 24.6% participants. The mean time of hookah session was 1 hour and 19 minutes. 68.2% participants were reported to smoke hookah in hookah-cafes and 35.7% participants were found to share the hookah. Some 66.7% participants had no intention to quit. Most of them (71-80%) had misperception about the safety of hookah smoking over cigarette smoking and 54-82% participants were unaware of health effects. Conclusions: Educational intervention is urgently needed to create awareness among the youth about the harmful effects of hookah smoking.

Biocide sodium hypochlorite decreases pigment production and induces oxidative damage in the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides

  • Ebenezer, Vinitha;Ki, Jang-Seu
    • ALGAE
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.311-319
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    • 2014
  • The biocide sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely used for controlling algal growth, and this application can be extended to marine environments as well. This study evaluates the biocidal efficiency and cellular toxicity of NaOCl on the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, with emphasis on pigment production and antioxidant enzyme activity. The test organism showed dose-dependent decrease in growth rate on exposure to NaOCl, and the 72 h $EC_{50}$ was measured to be $0.584mg\;L^{-1}$. NaOCl significantly decreased pigment levels and chlorophyll autofluorescence intensity, indicating possible detrimental effects on the photosystem of C. polykrikoides. Moreover, it significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting the production of reactive oxygen species in the cells. These data indicate that NaOCl exerted deleterious effects on the photosynthetic machinery and induced oxidative damage in the dinoflagellate and this biocide could be effectively used for the control of algal blooms.